| some properties of a d-alanine carboxypeptidase in envelope fractions of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | envelope preparations of neisseria gonorrhoeae strain gc1 (a stable, piliated strain of intermediate colony morphology) and type t1 possess a d-alanine carboxypeptidase which releases the terminal alanine residue from the uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetyl muramylpentapeptide substrate (isolated from bacillus cereus t). the d-alanine carboxypeptidase of the gc1 envelopes has a broad ph optimum between ph 8.0 to 10.0. when the molarity of the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer was varied, the ac ... | 1975 | 332 |
| biological properties of meningococci isolated from the carriers. | | 1975 | 3066 |
| concentrations of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. | concentrations of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid ranged from 4.5 x 10(3) to 3 x 10(8) colony-forming units/ml in 27 patients with bacterial meningitis before antibiotic therapy and from 4 x 10(1) to 1.4 x 10(6) cfu/ml in four patients after one to two days of antibiotic therapy. all patients with persistent positive cultures had pretreatment concentrations of 10(7) cfu/ml or greater. a significant association was observed between cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and concen ... | 1976 | 3635 |
| the role of some microorganisms in the pathogenesis of non-specific bronchopulmonary infections. | | 1976 | 3770 |
| autolysis of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | autolysis of neisseria gonorrhoeae was studied under different conditions. it was found that low ph and temperature, as well as the presence of divalent cations, spermine, sucrose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, stabilized nongrowing gonococci. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid alone promoted lysis, whereas lysozyme had only a limited additive effect. the autolytic behavior of gonococci appears to be connected with their prolonged cell division process. the relative dependence on the outer membrane and ... | 1976 | 4438 |
| adherence of bacterial to vaginal epithelial cells. | vaginal epithelial cells from healthy women were washed and incubated in tissue culture medium with freshly isolated bacteria of the indigenous vaginal flora and with bacteria of species that have been discussed in conjunction with genital infections. after incubation and washing, the number of bacteria that adhered per cell was determined. the influence on the attachment rate of such factors as variations in the washing procedure, bacterial density, and incubation time was assessed. lactobacill ... | 1976 | 5372 |
| ph and eh in single and mixed culture bacterial plaque in an artificial mouth. | | 1976 | 5393 |
| bacterial meningitis in infancy and childhood in lusaka (one year prospective sturdy). | in approximately 10,000 admissions in a 12 months period, at university teaching hospital, lusaka 85 cases of meningitis were recorded. the signs and symptoms in these patients do not greatly differ from other similar studies in africa. the commonest organism isolated was pneumococcus. there was high mortality rate which was to a large extent due to parents not bringing their children to hospital early enough for medical treatment to be instituted. this is borne out by the fact that 50% of the c ... | 1975 | 5834 |
| effect of ph on bacteria in early log phase. | the bacteria harvested in the early log phase lyse when they are submitted to a ph above 10. the peptidoglycan is not degraded in these conditions. thus, the authors used these properties to extract the peptidoglycan from several gram negative and gram positive bacteria. | 1975 | 6159 |
| classification of acute bacterial meningitis cases according to their etiology, seen in a children's hospital in ankara from march 1973 to april 1974. | in a 14 months period, as from march 1973 to april 1974 468 cases of acute bacterial meningitis have been diagnosed by c.s.f. findings; namely by examining the protein and sugar content, by the cell counts, gram's staining and culturing of the sediments of c.s.f. 188 cases were proven by culturing to be meningococcic meningitis. all these cases are from the families living in suburban areas of the city under crowded circumstances, which show the importance of population density in the epidemiolo ... | 1976 | 6862 |
| letter: diagnostic value of the detection of specific polysaccharides by counterelectrophoresis in meningitis in children. 50 cases. | | 1976 | 6946 |
| mechanism of autolysis of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | the major autolysin(s) of neisseria gonorrhoeae was solubilized from envelopes by extraction with 2% triton x-100 containing 0.5 m nacl. neither triton x-100 nor nacl alone could effectively release the autolysin(s). the major autolysin is n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase (ec 3.5.1.28). the ph optimum for this reaction was broad, ranging from 5.5 to 8.5. optimal hydrolysis of peptidoglycan occurred in 2% triton x-100 in 0.1 m kcl. attempts to purify the autolysin were unsuccessful. a rapid assa ... | 1976 | 7545 |
| gardimycin, a new antibiotic from actinoplanes. iii. biological properties. | the new antibiotic gardimycin has an interesting in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and neisseria gonorrhoeae. parenteral administration gives a high degree of protection against experimental infections in mice. it also shows some chemotherapeutic activity when given rectally. | 1976 | 8414 |
| autolysis of neisseria gonorrhoeae. relation between mechanical stability and viability. | the relationship between the mechanical stability and the viability of n. gonorrhoeae (type 4) in suspension was investigated. a correlation between viability and optical density recordings was often found. however, in spite of increased mechanical stability in solutions with low ph (5-2) or containing cu++ or sucrose (10 per cent.), these environments were toxic to the gonococci. a viability preserving effect by mg++ (4 mm), ca++ (4 mm), spermine (0-5 mm), polyvinylpyrrolidone (10 per cent.), a ... | 1976 | 9178 |
| in vitro antibacterial effects of spectinomycin and penicillin g on neisseria gonorrhoeae singly and in combination (author's transl). | the antibacterial effects of spectinomycin and penicillin g on clinical isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae were studied. the concentrations of penicillin g at which the isolates showed drug sensitivity ranged widely from 0.011 to 6.25 mug/ml. some of the isolates were resistant to penicillin g. sensitivity to spectinomycin was observed at the drug concentrations ranging from 3.13 to 12.5 mug/ml. about 60% of the isolates were sensitive to 6.25 mug/ml of spectinomycin, and those isolates which wer ... | 1976 | 9523 |
| the value of epicillin and ampicillin in the treatment of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis. | 96 patients with meningitis due to neisseria meningitidis and diplococcus pneumoniae were treated with epicillin or ampicillin according to a predesigned randomization chart. results indicate that epicillin and ampicillin are effective single drugs in the treatment of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis. no adverse reactions were noted with either drug and they were comparable in their efficacy. | 1976 | 9689 |
| defence against bacterial drug resistance. | | 1976 | 10047 |
| carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate by extracts of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | the enzymatic carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate by cell-free extracts of neisseria gonorrhoeae was examined and determined to be similar to the reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc). this was shown by the irreversibility of the reaction and nucleotide independency. the enzyme was found to have some characteristics different from the other bacterial pepcs reported. the enzyme showed catalytic activity in the presence of cobalt ions as well as magnesium and manganese ions ... | 1977 | 12138 |
| bacterial meningitis in the adult. | | 1977 | 12560 |
| present status of polysaccharide vaccines in the prevention of meningococcal disease. | | 1976 | 12651 |
| role of urinary solutes in natural immunity to gonorrhea. | natural resistance of the male urethra to gonococci has not been explained by classical immune mechanisms but could result from antibacterial properties of urine. accordingly, we measured survival in midmorning urine of 10(7) f-62 t2 gonococci per ml by serial dilutions and plate counts. fifteen killer urines from eight people all killed greater than 3 logs (average, 5.3), and 13 of 15 were sterilized. fourteen nonkiller (inhibitor) urines from seven subjects allowed no growth. killer urines wer ... | 1977 | 13038 |
| brain concentrations of biogenic amines and their metabolites in two types of pyrogen-induced fever in rabbits. | | 1977 | 13153 |
| relation of concentrations of bacteria and bacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid to prognosis in patients with bacterial meningitis. | | 1977 | 13301 |
| study on the viscolytic activity of the sputum (author's transl). | several mucolytic agents were evaluated on sputum for testing their viscolytic activity and the bacterial tollerance to each of them. proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pepsin, papain, pancreatin), kj, and dithiothreitol (or its derivatives) were better tollerated by common respiratory pathogens (h. influenzae, d. pneumoniae, klebsiella, etc.) than other mucolytic agents, as acetil-cysteine, cisteamine-hcl, tension active substances, mercaptoethanol, and others. the dithiothreitol showed also one of ... | 1976 | 13742 |
| aerobic flora examination of sputum (author's transl). | the routine bacteriological test of expectorate, except for mycobacteria, is usually unsatisfactory. there is a need of standardization which results in the present paper from a comparison between the data obtained by two different laboratories on the same samples. it is possible to achieve reasonable and uniform results establishing a uniformity of some procedures, namely; collection of specimens, homogenization, number and type of media, interpretation of data and so on. | 1976 | 13743 |
| role of viral-bacterial associations in meningitis in children. | a total of 50 section cases of meningitis in children were investigated. all patients revealed acute viral respiratory infections with generalization, including lesions of the central nervous system (cns). in 14 children moreover meningococcal infection was diagnosed. in 30 children lesions of the cns were due to mixed bacterial microflora. in 6 children along with acute viral respiratory infections (avri) mycoplasmosis was also revealed. etiology of the process was determined on the basis of ch ... | 1976 | 13769 |
| factors affecting genetic transformation of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | piliated gonococci were competent in genetic transformation in all stages of growth in minimal and enriched media, but nonpiliated cells were almost totally incompetent. uptake of deoxyribonucleic acid into a deoxyribonuclease-insensitive state was observed only in competent piliated cells. competence was not affected by washing of competent cells or treatment of competent cells with proteolytic enzymes. expression of competence required presence of any of several different monovalent or divalen ... | 1977 | 14116 |
| effect of chlorhexidine on plaque development in an artificial mouth. | the effect of chlorhexidine on the development of plaque, resulting from the inoculation with saliva of a tooth mounted in an artificial mouth, has been studied. the agent delayed the formation of plaque and also inhibited changes in ph and eh, whether sucrose was present or not. applied as a rinse at intervals of 12 h it prevented formation of plaque and ph and eh remained constant. moreover, chlorhexidine inhibited ph and eh changes in established plaque. a single application of a gel containi ... | 1976 | 17048 |
| in vitro inhibition of growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae by genital microorganisms. | the ability of microorganisms present in titers of over 10(5)/ml in the vaginal or cervical secretions to inhibit growth of n. gonorrhoeae in vitro was tested. study of a strain of n. gonorrhoeae against 77 microorganisms demonstrated that most strans of s. epidermidis, s. aureus and the one "gaffkya anaerobia" interfered with the growth of the n. gonorrhoeae. a minority of strains of s. viridans, neisseria, candida and bifidobacterium demonstrated interference. no strains of enterococcus, dipth ... | 1977 | 17163 |
| the detection of soluble bacterial antigens studied in various pathological substances using counterimmunoelectrophoresis. contribution to diagnosis(151 cases). | examinations for soluble bacterial antigens using counter-immunoelectrophoresis (c.i.e.) was carried out in 151 patients suspected of suffering from various infectious syndrome were successful for s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae b, n. meningitis, sero-group b and d streptococcus. thus meningitis and pneumonia represent those areas in which the technique is particularly useful. apart from its rapidity--result in a hour--c.i.e., in association with bacteriology, makes possible an increase in aetiolog ... | 1977 | 17848 |
| the use of counter-immuno-electrophoresis to identify causative organisms in bacterial meningitis: experience in cape town. | crebrospinal fluid (csf) from 142 patients was tested for the presence of haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcal and meningococcal antigens by counter-immuno-electrophoresis with commercial antisera. group- or type-specific antigen was detected in the csf of 67% of 64 patients with meningitis proved by culture to be due to these organisms, and in 10 of 25 patients with purulent meningitis but negative cultures. no false positive results were obtained in 24 normal csf specimens, or in the csf of 29 ... | 1977 | 17927 |
| acute purulent otitis media in children older than 5 years. incidence of haemophilus as a causative organism. | it is generally believed that haemophilus influenzae is not commonly a causative agent of otitis media in children older than 5 years of age. we recently studied cases of 58 children, aged from 5 to 9 years, who had acute otitis media. haemophilus species were the causative agents in 36% of cases. this high incidence of haemophilus isolation from the middle ear exudate of these children has important therapeutic implications; antibiotics effective against h influenzae should be employed when dea ... | 1977 | 18616 |
| inhibitory action of fatty acids on the growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | fatty acids of various chain lengths (c(1) to c(24)) were examined for their effects on growth, oxygen consumption, and in vitro reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity of neisseria gonorrhoeae cs-7. the growth inhibition caused by saturated fatty acids increased with increasing chain length to a maximum with palmitic acid (c(16)). stearic acid (c(18)) and longer saturated fatty acids showed little inhibition of growth. however, unsaturated fatty acids of chain length c(16) to ... | 1977 | 19358 |
| glycogen synthesis by amylosucrase from neisseria perflava. | amylosucrase (sucrose:1,4-alpha-d-glucan 4-alpha-glucosyltransferase; ec 2.4.1.4) which mediates the transfer of the glucosyl moiety of sucrose to a growing alpha-1,4-glucan chain is a constitutive enzyme of neisseria perflava. the products of enzymic action are insoluble glycogenlike polysaccharides and fructose, the latter being a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (ki=20 mm). the enzyme is extremely stable and appears to bind very tightly to its polymerized product. properties of product-bou ... | 1977 | 20219 |
| cell envelope of neisseria gonorrhoeae: relationship between autolysis in buffer and the hydrolysis of peptidoglycan. | neisseria gonorrhoeae readily underwent autolysis when suspended in n-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-n'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (hepes) buffer at alkaline ph values. autolysis was inhibited by the addition of mg2+ or other divalent cations. autolysis was also suppressed at acid ph (ph 6.0). suspension of cells in buffer was accompanied by the hydrolysis of peptidoglycan. the rate of peptidoglycan hydrolysis in hepes buffer was maximal at ph 8.5 and was similar in the presence or absence of mg2+. therefo ... | 1977 | 20406 |
| acute bacterial meningitis at boston city hospital during 12 selected years, 1935-1972. | data are presented on the occurrence of and mortality rate from acute bacterial meningitis at boston city hospital during 12 years between 1935 and 1972 selected in relation to the introduction of potent antibacterial agents. the most frequent causative organisms were streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, and haemophilus influenzae, but large proportions were caused by other gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. the greatest reduction in mortality rate after antibiotics beca ... | 1977 | 20479 |
| identification of neisseria by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography of metabolites in a chemically defined growth medium. | a dual-purpose study was carried out in an attempt to develop a rapid, sensitive method to identify neisseria species by gas chromatography and to learn more about the metabolism of these organisms. sixty-nine isolates of neisseria were grown in a chemically defined fluid medium; the spent medium was extracted sequentially at ph 2 with diethyl ether and at ph 10 with chloroform. the ph 10 extracts were derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and analyzed by electron capture gas-liquid chro ... | 1977 | 21889 |
| protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. | clinical studies of 6- and 12-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines were carried out in controlled studies among novice gold miners in south africa. in the studies 1,523 persons received pneumococcal vaccine, and 3,171 were included as controls. in the great majority of subjects given pneumococcal vaccine, antibodies developed against the capsular types included in the vaccine. the 6-valent vaccine afforded 76% reduction in cases of laboratory-verified pneumococcal pneumonia cause ... | 1977 | 21973 |
| carrier state and biological properties of meningococcus during the epidemics. | | 1977 | 22185 |
| cell envelope of neisseria gonorrhoeae: penicillin enhancement of peptidoglycan hydrolysis. | the addition of 10 microgram of penicillin g per ml to log-phase cultures of neisseria gonorrhoeae jw-31 (minimum inhibitory concentration for penicillin g, less than 0.007 microgram/ml) resulted in cellular lysis after a lag of 30 min. penicillin markedly decreased the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis and enhanced the rate of hydrolysis of existing peptidoglycan. hydrolysis was initiated immediately after addition of penicillin; cellular lysis did not occur until a considerable percentage of the ... | 1977 | 22492 |
| bacterial vaccines and toxoids: review of safety and efficacy. | | 1978 | 24328 |
| group-specific a-antibodies in persons living in the foci of meningococcal infection. | | 1977 | 24953 |
| cell-free biosynthesis of the o-acetylated n-acetylneuraminic acid capsular polysaccharide of group c meningococci. | a cell-free system was established to study the biosynthesis of group c meningococcal capsular polysaccharide, an alpha-2 leads to 9-linked n-acetylneuraminic acid (neuac) homopolymer containing o-acetyl groups at either c7 or c8. sialyltransferase activity, isolated from group c meningococcus strain c-11, catalyzed incorporation of 14cneuac from cmp (cmp--14cneuac) into polymeric form. this sialyltransferase was stimulated by addition of meningococcus group c and escherichia coli k92 capsular p ... | 1978 | 25263 |
| the detection of bacterial antigens by counter-immunoelectrophoresis in n. meningitidis, h. influenzae serotype b, s. pneumoniae infections. diagnostic value and evolutive aspect (in 216 cases) (author's transl). | using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) the authors have assayed for soluble bacterial s. pneumoniae, n meningitidis group a, b, c. h. influenzae type b antigens, biological fluids in 216 patients (meningitis: 136; pneumonia: 76; miscellaneous: 4) during 16 months. because of heterogeneous recruiting (the bacteriology was carried out by different laboratories) the increase in aetiological diagnosis given by cie is only statistically valid for the bacteriologic negative group when blind antibiot ... | 1977 | 26041 |
| bacterial etiology of otitis media during the first six weeks of life. | tympanocentesis was performed on 70 infants who had otitis media during the first six weeks of life. the bacteria isolated from their middle-ear effusions were streptococcus pneumoniae (13 patients), neisseria catarrhalis (11 patients), hemophilus influenzae (ten patients), enterobacteriaceae (four patients), staphylococcus aureus (four patients), streptococci (groups a and b) (three patients), and pseudomonas aeruginosa (two patients). thirty patients (42.9%) had middle-ear effusions which did ... | 1978 | 26735 |
| neuraminidase activity of nonpathogenic neisseria. | it was revealed earlier by the authors that n. meningitidis of the principal serological groups a, b, and c possessed neuraminidase activity. in the present work it was shown that this sign was genus-specific, and that this property was also possessed by the representatives of nonpathogenic neisseria habituating in the nasopharynx, however, the enzymatic activity in nonpathogenic neisseria was less pronounced than in meningococci, and required more prolonged contact of the enzymatic-substrate mi ... | 1978 | 27047 |
| effect of prior antibiotic therapy on concentrations of bacteria in csf. | a prospective study was done to determine the effect of prior antibiotic therapy on concentrations of bacteria in csf at the time of diagnosis. concentrations of haemophilus influenzae type b in csf of partially treated patients were significantly smaller than in csf of untreated patients. this was also true of patients with meningococcal meningitis, but no difference was observed between patients with pneumococcal meningitis. the identification of h influenzae by gram stain of csf was significa ... | 1978 | 27090 |
| evidence for peptidoglycan-associated protein(s) in neisseria gonorrhoeae. | | 1978 | 27176 |
| cell envelope of neisseria gonorrhoeae: phospholipase activity and its relationship to autolysis. | the relationship between conditions which permit or inhibit cell lysis and those which promote phospholipid hydrolysis in neisseria gonorrhoeae was investigated. suspension of exponential-phase gonococci in buffer in the absence of divalent cations resulted in autolysis but not in phosphlipid hydrolysis. the addition of ca2+ or mg2+ to the buffer inhibited autolysis and markedly stimulated the hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine. incubation of cells in buffer at ph 6 inhibited both autolysis ... | 1978 | 27458 |
| research of the soluble microbial substances in organic fluids for the rapid diagnosis of some infections and particularly of bacterial meningitis (author's transl). | a number of immunological and non-immunological techniques have been recently used to detect soluble microbial substances in body fluids of patients with acute meningitis, bacteremia, and lobar pneumonia. by the immunological methods capsular highly polymerized polisaccharide group- or type-specific antigens of the most common c. n. s. pathogens (n. meningitidis a, b, and c; str. pneumoniae, h. influenzae type b, e. coli k1, mucoid pseudomonas, cryptococcus neoformans) can be detected and quanti ... | 1977 | 28697 |
| bacteriologic flora of aspiration-induced pulmonary infections. | the role of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in the genesis of pneumonia or lung abscess in patients with historical, clinical, and radiologic findings suggestive of aspiration was compared to their role in similar patients without these findings. bacterial specimens were obtained by transtracheal aspiration or thoracentesis. anaerobes were isolated in 100% of the patients who were aspiration-prone as contrasted with only 20% of those who were not. isolation of a single species or no growth ... | 1975 | 28705 |
| purulent meningitis from a bacteriological viewpoint. | | 1978 | 29383 |
| evaluation of the counterimmunoelectrophoretic (cie) procedure in a clinical laboratory setting. | the counterimmunoelectrophoretic (cie) procedure was evaluated under clinical laboratory conditions to determine its validity and comparability with culture methods. the procedure was further evaluated to determine applicability to a variety of clinical samples. an inexpensive set-up was developed to utilize the cie procedure at bench level. results indicated the procedure to be sensitive in detecting haemophilus influenzae, type b, and neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), group b. the proced ... | 1978 | 29483 |
| bacterial meningitis: the beginning of the end. | | 1978 | 30281 |
| effect of ph on the growth and glucose metabolism of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | this study examined the effect of ph on the metabolism of glucose by neisseria gonorrhoeae. radiorespirometric studies revealed that cells growing at ph 7.2 or 8.0 metabolized glucose primarily (ca. 80%) via the entner-doudoroff pathway. the remainder of the glucose was metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway (ca. 20%). the tricarboxylic acid cycle was not active during glucose catabolism at either ph 7.2 or 8.0, and acetate accumulated in the medium. cells growing at ph 6.0 had markedly i ... | 1978 | 30699 |
| microbiology of recurrent and chronic otitis media with effusion. | a study was conducted of 274 children who had recurrent acute or chronic otitis media with effusion. forty-five percent of the ears with effusion were found to contain bacteria, and 11% contained bacteria that were "probable pathogens" (s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae, and s. pyogenes). bacteria were also found in 40% of the ears without effusions. the type of organism found did not vary with the age of the patient studied or the season of the year. the significance of these bacteria in the etiolog ... | 1978 | 30809 |
| trends in bacterial virulence and antibiotic susceptibility: streptococci, pneumococci, and gonococci. | antibiotic usage and improved living conditions may have contributed to a dilution of "rheumatogenic" strains of group a streptococci and to their replacement by attenuated streptococci with less rheumatogenic potential. whether this is due to decreased virulence or to loss of specific bacterial antigens or toxins in prevalent strains is not yet known. the pneumococcus, which has been moderately resistant to antibiotics only in isolated cases, has appeared in south africa in strains that are hig ... | 1978 | 31122 |
| cyclic pharyngeal lymphoiditis: immunological considerations. | this communication presents the concept that recurrent infections of the lingual tonsils, lateral pharyngeal lymphoid bands and lymphoid follicles on the posterior pharyngeal wall, occurring with the same periodicity, is a cyclic clinical and immunological entity. these patients lacked resistance to the normal flora of the nasopharynx and pharynx. they were accordingly treated with a mixed respiratory bacterial vaccine, administered intradermally and according to a formulated program, to improve ... | 1978 | 31128 |
| serological methods for rapid diagnosis of haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid: a comparison of co-agglutination, immunofluorescence and immunoelectroosmophoresis. | | 1978 | 31678 |
| prospects for the prevention of bacterial meningitis with polysaccharide vaccines. | most suppurative infections of the meninges are caused by five bacterial species: escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, and group b streptococcus. the immune response of adults to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides has been studied in great detail and their responses to meningococcal and h. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharides are quite similar. immune responses of adults to e. coli and group b streptococcal antigens are disap ... | 1978 | 31985 |
| immunogenicity of gonococcal gc2 polysaccharide: comparative studies with pneumococcal type iii polysaccharide and salmonella typhosa vi antigen. | a plaque assay technique was used to assess the immunogenicity of a gonococcal cell wall polysaccharide (gc2 antigen) in balb/c mice. the gc2 antigen was shown to be immunogenic, and the kinetics of the response differed from that of a pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii) and a polysaccharide antigen of salmonella typhosa (vi antigen). in addition, using antithymocyte sera, the t-lymphocyte dependency of these antigens was investigated. the immune response to the gc2 antigen was demonstrated to ... | 1978 | 32136 |
| binding of cholesterol by neisseria gonorrhoeae. | the binding of [1,2-3h]cholesterol to neisseria gonorrhoeae cs-7, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella typhimurium (smooth and rough strains) was investigated. the kinetics of cholesterol binding to n. gonorrhoeae cs-7 demonstrated that binding occurred slowly with maximum binding by 10 h. under optimum conditions, a large percentage (65%) of the added cholesterol was associated with the cells. chemical fractionation revealed that ca. 98% of the labeled cholesterol was associated with the cell ... | 1978 | 32139 |
| [bacterial polysaccharides--a new generation of vaccines]. | | 1979 | 33301 |
| cell envelope of neisseria gonorrhoeae cs7: peptidoglycan protein complex. | treatment of cells grown to exponential phase with 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 3 h at 100 degrees c resulted in solubilization of all cellular components except for peptidoglycan. in most strains, cells cultured in liquid gonococcal broth at ph 7.2 yielded a peptidoglycan composed primarily of n-acetylmuramic acid n-acetylglucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1:2:1:1. the peptidoglycan in these cells accounted for 1 to 2% (dry weight) of the cells. ... | 1979 | 33903 |
| effect of ampicillin and chloramphenicol against streptococcus pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis. | antagonism, determined by isobolograms constructed from data from combinations of ampicillin and chloramphenicol at or below the minimal inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations, was observed against 13 clinical isolates of meningococcus and against one isolate of pneumococcus. synergy occurred against six strains of pneumococcus and three of meningococcus. additive effects were noted against 14 isolates of pneumococcus and 5 of meningococcus. there was no relationship between the minimal inhib ... | 1979 | 34360 |
| attachment of bacteria to exfoliated cells from the urogenital tract. | to establish urogenital infections, organisms must adhere to the mucosal lining. a differential adherence capacity among various bacterial species was observed when exfoliated urethral and urothelial cells were tested in an in vitro system. no difference in the adherence capacity of a particular species was observed when tested with exfoliated cells obtained from voided urine from different healthy individuals of the same sex. escherichia coli harvested directly from urine specimens of patients ... | 1979 | 34577 |
| comparison of staphylococcal coagglutination, latex agglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for bacterial antigen detection. | soluble antigens of haemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, and group b streptococcus were looked for in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and urine by using the staphylococcal coagglutination test, latex agglutination test, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. the staphylococcal coaggultination and latex agglutination tests were more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis in identifying antigens of h. influenzae type b, s. pneumoniae, and n. meningitidis. no ... | 1979 | 34622 |
| chromogenic cephalosporin spot test to detect beta-lactamase in clinically significant bacteria. | lactamase production. reacteroides melaniongenicus, 14 | 1979 | 34624 |
| the nasopharyngeal culture in acute otitis media. a reappraisal of its usefulness. | simultaneous cultures of the nasopharynx and middle ear exudate (obtained by tympanocentesis) were obtained from 225 children (mean age, 34 months; median age, 41 months) with suppurative otitis media. a 72% prediction rate for middle ear pathogens was obtained by examining the nasopharyngeal cultures after the strict observance of two essential prerequisites: (1) the nasopharyngeal culture was immediately plated on appropriate solid agar and (2) a semiquantitative method for bacterial enumerati ... | 1979 | 34739 |
| solubilization and characterization of the partially purified penicillin sensitive d-alanine carboxypeptidase of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | treatment of crude gonococcal cell envelopes with a solution of 2 m kcl + 1% brij 36t resulted in the solubilization of a portion of the d-alanine carboxypeptidase activity of neisseria gonorrhoeae envelopes. this soluble enzyme preparation was partially resolved by chromatography on a column of deae-cellulose. the partially purified enzyme eluted from the column with a gradient of nacl (0-1 m), catalysed the release of d-alanine from a radioactively labelled udp-n-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide wit ... | 1978 | 34774 |
| [modern data on the antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora that is an etiological factor in ent diseases. ii. the antibiotic sensitivity of pneumococci, meningococci, influenza bacilli, klebsiella, enterobacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus]. | | 1979 | 34945 |
| ngoii, a restriction endonuclease from neisseria gonorrhoeae. | endor . ngoii, a class ii restriction endonuclease isolated from neisseria gonorrhoeae, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. we were able to separate it from another restriction endonuclease of n. gonorrhoeae, ngoi, by phosphocellulose chromatography. ngoii is an isoschizomer of haeiii, a restriction endonuclease of haemophilus aegyptius, and was found to recognize the deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotide base sequence ggcc. ngoii was able to digest phage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid over a ... | 1979 | 35516 |
| etiology and antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis. | eighty-one adults with symptoms of acute sinusitis were studied by direct needle puncture and aspiration of the maxillary sinus (105 sinuses). fifty-nine bacterial strains were isolated in titers of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units/ml; streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae accounted for 64% of the isolates. other bacteria recovered included anaerobes (12%), neisseria species (8.5%). streptococcus pyogenes (3%), alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (3%), non-group a beta ... | 1979 | 35571 |
| [treatment of bacterial meningitis with cefamandole]. | | 1978 | 35821 |
| [microflora of the maxillary sinuses in chronic sinusitis]. | | 1979 | 36723 |
| cefuroxime: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. | cefuroxime is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin for parenteral administration. it is resistant to destruction by beta-lactamases produced by staphylococci and most gram-negative aerobic bacteria and is active against many bacteria resistant to cephalothin. cefuroxime is the most active of the cephalosporins against gonococci and haemophilus influenzae particularly against beta-lactamase producing strains. given by intramuscular or intravenous injection cefuroxime is effective against a wide vari ... | 1979 | 37064 |
| [method of lyophilic drying of meningococci used in the laboratory of the kirghiz research institute of epidemiology, microbiology and hygiene]. | | 1979 | 38597 |
| detection of experimental bacteremia and fungemia by examination of buffy coat prepared by a micromethod. | rabbits received intravenous injections of bacteria or fungi, and a comparison was made of the abilities of broth cultures, plating after dilution either in saline solution or in distilled water containing triton x-100, and buffy coat examinations to detect the organisms in heart blood. the most sensitive method was broth culture. by microscopy or subculture of buffy coat cells prepared by centrifugation of blood in microhematocrit tubes, organisms were rapidly and regularly detected when their ... | 1979 | 38662 |
| bactericidal and bacteriostatic action of chloramphenicol against memingeal pathogens. | the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfisoxazole were compared against several potential meningeal pathogens. chloramphenicol is bactericidal at clinically achievable concentrations against haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and neisseria meningitidis. it is bacteriostatic against gram-negative bacilli of the family enterobacteriaceae and against staphylococcus aureus. chloramphenicol has proven highly efficacious in the t ... | 1979 | 38742 |
| attachment of neisseria gonorrhoeae to human sperm. microscopical study of trypsin and iron. | pilated neisseria gonorrhoeae of colony type 1 (t1) and non-pilated bacteria of colony type 4 (t4) were observed by transmission (tem) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). no pili were observed on t4 gonogocci, but two types of pili--straight, type a, and bent, type b--were seen on t1 by tem. when incubated with human sperum and examined by either tem or sem, t1 gonococci were seen to attach by individual pili, by several pili wound together as a rope, or by direct contact. gonococci from t4 ... | 1979 | 39583 |
| killing of neisseria gonorrhoeae by human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granule extracts. | neisseria gonorrhoeae was grown in vitro (on agar and in broth) and in vivo (in 10-day chicken embryos) and tested for its sensitivity to the bactericidal action of human neutrophil granule extracts. under all conditions studied, type 1 and type 4 n. gonorrhoeae were killed equally well by dialyzed extracts of neutrophil granules (containing both azurophil and specific granule contents) and by the myeloperoxidase-cl- - h2o2 bactericidal system. however, sensitivity to the bactericidal activity o ... | 1979 | 39892 |
| assessment of attachment of neisseria gonorrhoeae to hela cells by double radiolabeling. | attachment of neisseria gonorrhoeae to hela cells was assessed by a technique using double radioisotopic labeling. piliated, virulent bacteria from colony type 2 attached to hela cells to a greater extent than nonpiliated, avirulent bacteria from colony type 4. maximal attachment rates for bacteria from both colony types occurred during the early incubation periods at 37 degrees c, and the hela cells appeared saturated at 4 h. attachment was maximum at ph 6.5 and dependent upon the multiplicity ... | 1979 | 40874 |
| ultraviolet irradiation disrupts somatic pili structure and function. | three piliated bacterial species were exposed to ultraviolet light (7 x 10(3) microw/cm2), and the effect of increasing duration of irradiation on the integrity of the somatic pili was quantitated by negative-stain electron microscopy. heavily piliated proteus mirabilis became devoid of pili after 20 min of irradiation, but escherichia coli and neisseria gonorrhoeae required 40 min for complete depiliation. partially purified proteus pili underwent progressive loss of structural integrity with i ... | 1979 | 40875 |
| pathogenic species of the genus haemophilus and streptococcus pneumoniae produce immunoglobulin a1 protease. | thirty-seven strains of the genus haemophilus and five strains of streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for their ability to produce extracellular enzyme that cleaves immunoglobulin molecules. all strains of h. influenzae, h. aegyptius, and s. pneumoniae elaborated enzyme that selectively cleaved human immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) myeloma proteins but was inactive against a variety of other proteins including human iga2, igg, and igm, porcine and bovine secretory iga, human and bovine serum albumin ... | 1979 | 40878 |
| rosamicin: in vitro activity comparison with erythromycin and other antibiotics against clinical isolates from the genito-urinary tract and neisseria meningitidis. | | 1979 | 41833 |
| should we plan a general childhood vaccination against bacterial meningitis? | an estimation of the benefits of vaccination against bacterial meningitis are based on the age-specific incidence of meningitis caused by the different groups of meningococci, by haemophilus influenzae and by pneumococci, and the known efficacy of the present polysaccharide vaccines against these agents. since the incidence of bacterial meningitis is more than ten times higher below the age of five years that at a later age, vaccination at 1 1/2 years of age could prevent a large fraction of all ... | 1979 | 42596 |
| phenotypically determined resistance of neisseria gonorrhoeae to normal human serum: environmental factors in subcutaneous chambers in guinea pigs. | some gonococci obtained from human urethral exudate or from subcutaneously implanted chambers in guinea pigs show a resistance to killing by human serum which is lost on sub-culture in vitro after a few generations. the environmental factors which may influence the phenotypic expression of resistance to serum killing were investigated in guinea pig chambers and in chamber fluid in vitro. the redox potential in chambers before and after infection was lower than that of heart blood but conditions ... | 1979 | 42666 |
| [experience with the overall treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis in combination with gonorrhea and syphilis]. | | 1979 | 43039 |
| opsonic activity of normal human cerebrospinal fluid for selected bacterial species. | the opsonic activity of normal human cerebrospinal fluid (csf) has not been well defined. in this study, the opsonic activity of normal csf for laboratory and blood culture isolates of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, hemophilus influenzae type b, and neisseria meningitidis was measured by a quantitative assay employing radiolabeled bacteria and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. all isolates of s. aureus, except the wood 46 strain, were opsonized in undiluted csf (> ... | 1979 | 43289 |
| properties of a gonococcal inhibitor produced by escherichia coli. | strains of escherichia coli can inhibit the in vitro growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae. one e. coli strain released a potent agar-diffusible gonococcal growth inhibitor which was extracted and assayed in an agar well assay system. the culture conditions necessary to produce the inhibitor were determined. the inhibitor was bacteriostatic, in most cases, for n. gonorrhoeae. based on ultrafiltration and column chromatography, the inhibitor appeared to have a molecular weight in the range of 1200 to 2 ... | 1979 | 43357 |
| quantitative sputum gram stains in chronic bronchial disease. | | 1979 | 43418 |
| [bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid specimens in gothenburg during a 5-year period]. | | 1979 | 43439 |
| phospholipid metabolism in neisseria gonorrhoeae: phospholipid hydrolysis in nongrowing cells. | hydrolysis of cell envelope phospholipids was demonstrated in cells of both autolytic and nonautolytic strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae that were labeled during growth in the presence of [3h] acetate. the label incorporated into the cellular phospholipids was located exclusively in the fatty acid acyl side chains. labeled cells were incubated for 2 hr in n-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-n'-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer, ph 8.5, containing various additions, and then examined for distribution of 3h in l ... | 1979 | 43450 |
| physiology of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | | 1979 | 43667 |
| serologic diagnosis of gonococcal infection. | infection with n. gonorrhoeae stimulates the production of antibodies to many common, species-specific, and type-specific antigens. the l-antigen is an envelop antigen and antibodies to it could be demonstrated by various methods in more than 90% of the patients after the first 10 days of infection. serologic tests are not yet available in the united states. if and when they become available, they may be recommended for: (1) screening asymptomatic men and women, (2) use as an adjunct diagnostic ... | 1979 | 43712 |
| unsuspected bacteremia in young children: a common and important problem. | | 1979 | 43959 |
| serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae causing disease. | serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae from 525 infected children were examined over a four-year period. type distribution was similar among 84 cases of bacteremia and 30 cases of meningitis, with types 6, 14, and 18 accounting for half of the illnesses. in contrast, half of 396 episodes of otitis media were caused by three other types, 19, 23, and 3. four of eight fatalities were due to type 6. carrier strains isolated from children had a distribution of types similar to that of the otitis media ... | 1979 | 44310 |
| effect of colony type and ph on surface charge and hydrophobicity of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | the effect of colonial variation and growth at ph 7.2 or ph 6.0 on the surface properties of neisseria gonorrhoeae was assessed by the use of two-phase partitioning and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. cells grown at ph 7.2 tended to be both hydrophobic and to possess a slight negative charge. growth at ph 6.0 appeared to decrease hydrophobicity and to increase the negative surface charge. possession of a series of outer membrane proteins, termed the colony opacity-associated proteins, di ... | 1979 | 44699 |
| effect of iron on surface charge and hydrophobicity of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | the effect of iron concentration during growth on the physicochemical surface properties of the colonial variants of neisseria gonorrhoeae has been assessed by aqueous two-phase partitioning in a dextran-polyethyleneglycol system containing positively charged trimethylamino-polyethyleneglycol or hydrophobic polyethyleneglycol-palmitate. the complex effects of iron, in combination with other variables known to affect surface charge and hydrophobicity, have provided some clues as to the properties ... | 1979 | 44700 |
| [animal experiments with combined local immunization against an influenza virus disease (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 44774 |