| upper respiratory tract spread of group b streptococci type i b in a kindergarten. | in a kindergarten with 42 children and 17 female staff members, an epidemic of group b streptococcal carriage in the upper respiratory tract occurred. in the middle of february 1978, 6 children and 5 adults carried type i b streptococci in the throat while only 2 of these 11 were carriers 2 weeks later. only one other streptococcus, belonging to type ii, was found in the throat specimens. five strains other than type i b were found in the urogenital tract of the staff. three type i b throat carr ... | 1979 | 37592 |
| neisseriaceae, a group of bacteria with dihydrofolate reductases, moderately susceptible to trimethoprim. | dihydrofolate reductases of five species of the family neisseriaceae were compared by means of inhibition profiles, using several structurally different inhibitors, including trimethoprim (tmp) and pyrimethamine. all enzymes were seen to be highly susceptible to the folate analog aminopterin, but exhibited moderate susceptibility to all other inhibitors tested. approximately 200-fold higher concentrations of tmp were needed to inhibit neisserial reductases as compared to the e. coli enzyme. besi ... | 1979 | 44939 |
| bronchopulmonary infection due to beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis treated with amoxycillin/clavulanic-acid. | | 1978 | 79045 |
| lectins in diagnostic microbiology: use of wheat germ agglutinin for laboratory identification of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | a lectin slide agglutination test has been developed for the confirmatory identification of neisseria gonorrhoeae. with wheat germ lectin as an agglutinin, 164 of 165 clinical isolates of n. gonorrhoeae gave a 3 to 4+ reaction within 6 to 8 min. four gonococcal isolates, even though negative by the fluoresecent-antibody method, gave strong positive reactions with the wheat germ lectin. among 23 isolates of neisseria meningitidis tested, which included representatives of sero-groups a, b, c,d, x, ... | 1979 | 94598 |
| evaluation of spiramycin as a therapeutic agent for elimination of nasopharyngeal pathogens. possible use of spiramycin for middle ear infections and for gonococcal and meningococcal nasopharyngeal carriage. | varying doses of spiramycin were administered orally to healthy volunteers, and concentrations in serum and saliva were determined. the absorption of the drug was not significantly influenced by concomitant food intake. saliva peak concentrations were 1.3--4.8 times higher than peak concentrations in serum. the elimination half life was 2--3 h in serum, and 4--8 h in saliva. accumulation of the drug was seen in saliva but not in serum. the possible effect of spiramycin in eliminating bacteria fr ... | 1978 | 97775 |
| dihydrofolate reductase from neisseria sp. | members of the genus neisseria are relatively nonsusceptible to trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. for example, the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of trimethoprim for n. gonorrhoeae ranges from 2 to 70 mug/ml, whereas the mic for escherichia coli is 0.2 mug/ml or less. in an effort to understand this difference, dihydrofolate reductase was partially purified from five neisseria species and compared with the enzyme from e. coli. n. gonorrhoeae dihydrofolate reductase w ... | 1979 | 111611 |
| the role of natural igg and complement in the phagocytosis of type 4 neisseria gonorrhoeae by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the role of human serum components in the phagocytosis of logarithmic-phase type 4 neisseria gonorrhoeae by human polymorphononuclear leukocytes was investigated. the requirement of fresh normal human serum (fhs) for optimal phagocytosis and the fixation of human immunoglobulin (igg) and complenet (c3) to the gonococcal cell surface suggested that both serum factors participate in the phagocytosis of these organisms. the percentage of neutrophils containing ingested organisms was directly propor ... | 1979 | 118998 |
| metabolic requirements for entry of dna in branhamella catarrhalis. | although requirements for transformation in branhamella catarrhalis are quite complex, dna synthesis does not appear to be one of these needs, as indicated by the inability of nalidixic acid to interefere with transformation. exogenous sources of energy, such as camp and cgmp also failed to enhance frequency, suggesting cells may actively engage in energy production to achieve uptake of dna, or lack a transport mechanism for these compounds. | 1976 | 183979 |
| enzyme electrophoretograms in the analysis of taxon relatedness of micrococcus cryophilus, branhamella catarrhalis and atypical neisserias. | extracts were prepared from micrococcus cryophilus, several strains of branhamella catarrhalis and neisseria spp. esterases, nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities were assayed after electrophoresis of extracts of polyacrylamide gels. except for neisseria perflava and n. sicca which resolved activity bands for the acetate-esterase only, the remaining bacteria exhibited species-specific esterase patterns also for the propionate and butyrate substrates. the mul ... | 1975 | 234507 |
| binding of hla antigen-containing liposomes to bacteria. | highly purified, detergent-solubilized hla-a and -b antigens and hla-d antigens were separately incorporated into liposomes. detergent-solubilized transplantation antigens, but not papain-solubilized antigens lacking the membrane-integrated portions of the molecules, were bound to the liposomes. a considerable portion of the liposome-bound antigens displayed accessible antigenic sites, suggesting that they were oriented in the right-side-out direction. liposomes containing the hla-a and -b antig ... | 1978 | 282637 |
| novel beta-lactamase from branhamella catarrhalis. | a strain of branhamella catarrhalis isolated from sputum was shown to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. this strain produced a beta-lactamase which has been judged to be a novel enzyme, on the basis of substrat profil, isoelectric point and location of genetic determinant. | 1978 | 311606 |
| in vitro sensitivity to penicillin v and beta-lactamase production of branhamella catarrhalis. | | 1977 | 408320 |
| neisseria meningitidis in the anal canal of homosexual men. | cultures were obtained from the oropharynx, urethra, and anal canal of 157 homosexual men. neisseria gonorrhoeae was identified in 30 men (19.1%), neisseria meningitidis in 32 men (20.4%), and neisseria lactamicus and branhamella catarrhalis in one man each. n. gonorrhoeae was isolated from the anal canal of three men (1.9%), and n. meninititidis was identified in the anal canal of seven men (4.5%). these findings suggest that confirmatory tests are indicated for homosexual males with rectal iso ... | 1977 | 411836 |
| the lipopolysaccharide (r type) as a common antigen of neisseria gonorrhoeae. ii. use of hen antiserum to gonococcal lipopolysaccharide in a rapid slide test for the identification of n. gonorrhoeae from primary isolates and secondary cultures. | an antiserum has been prepared in hens to r-type gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (lps) and used in a simple slide-agglutination test for the identification of neisseria gonorrhoeae. anti-lps serum agglutinated gonococcal cells representative of the four colony types of n. gonorrhoeae. absorption of the antiserum with lps removed the agglutinating activity. secondary cultures (1120) were tested without observation of the colony type and all were agglutinated. no agglutination occurred with strains ... | 1978 | 417781 |
| immunological relationships of some non-pathogenic neisseria. | a collection of nine stock strains of non-pathogenic neisseria species and one strain of branhamella catarrhalis has been examined serologically by a simple immunodiffusion technique utilising cultures growing on solid medium. | 1978 | 417785 |
| bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis: 11 cases assessed by transtracheal puncture. | transtracheal punctures were performed in 193 miners of anthracosilicotic coal who presented with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. the transtracheal aspirates were bacteriologically positive in 104 patients. branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in 15 patients; 10 of these responded to chemotherapy, as shown by the resolution of all symptoms and the disappearance of the organism on a repeat transtracheal puncture performed 48 hours after the end of treatment. one ampicillin-treated pa ... | 1978 | 620304 |
| fatal neisseria (branhamella) catarrhalis pneumonia in an immunodeficient host. | a 64-year-old man with far-advanced iga multiple myeloma presented with fulminant and rapidly fatal bronchopneumonia. gram stains of expectorated sputum and of transtracheal aspirate revealed gram-negative intracellular and extracellular diplococci. cultures of these specimens yielded neisseria catarrhalis. subsequent histologic examination of the lung confirmed the presence of numerous gram-negative diplococci in the alveolar spaces. the pathogenic potential of this nasopharyngeal commensal is ... | 1976 | 788567 |
| lipids of branhamella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae. | three strains of branhamella catarrhalis and three strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae were analyzed with regard to their phospholipid and neutral lipid composition. b. catarrhalis (atcc 23246) contained 5.12 +/- 0.34% lipid, determined gravimetrically, compared to 8.56 +/- 0.15% and 9.73 +/- 0.06% for two strains of n. gonorrhoeae. cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine were identified in extracts of both species. in addition, b. catarrhalis contained small amounts of pho ... | 1976 | 819418 |
| studies on branhamella catarrhalis (neisseria catarrhalis) with special reference to maxillary sinusitis. | paired sera from 97 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis were examined regarding antibodies to branhamella catarrhalis. precipitating antibodies were demonstrated in almost all sera both from patients and from healthy blood donors. complement-fixing (cf) antibodies to b. catarrhalis were present in sera from 25 of the 97 patients and in one of 20 healthy blood donors. the titres were low and the titre changes when present were of a small magnitude. cf antibodies were most commonly demonstrate ... | 1976 | 823639 |
| comparison of the cell envelope proteins of micrococcus cryophilus with those of neisseria dnd branhamella species. | in an attempt to elucidate the relation between micrococcus cryophilus, neisseria caviae, neisseria ovis, and branhamella catarrhalis, fractions derived from outer membranes of a strain of each organism were examined for protein composition by sds - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. micrococcus cryophilus outer membrane protein showed extensive similarities to that of n. ovis and contained a heat-modifiable protein which behaved almost identically with the corresponding bands previously shown ... | 1976 | 1260534 |
| studies on the cellular and free lipopolysaccharides from branhamella catarrhalis. | cellular and free lipopolysaccharides obtained from neisseria catarrhalis and branhamella catarrhalis were found to be essentially identical. both cellular and free lipopolysaccharides contained core-oligosaccharides of the following composition: d-glucose (4 mol), d-galactose (1 mol), 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (1 mol), and 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid. aldoheptose and phosphate components were below levels of detection. several physical methods indicated that all core-oligosaccharide prepar ... | 1976 | 1260539 |
| azithromycin. a review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. | azithromycin is an acid stable orally administered macrolide antimicrobial drug, structurally related to erythromycin, with a similar spectrum of antimicrobial activity. azithromycin is marginally less active than erythromycin in vitro against gram-positive organisms, although this is of doubtful clinical significance as susceptibility concentrations fall within the range of achievable tissue azithromycin concentrations. in contrast, azithromycin appears to be more active than erythromycin again ... | 1992 | 1280567 |
| immunosuppressive effects induced by the polysaccharide moiety of some bacterial lipopolysaccharides. | the immunomodulatory properties of several lipopolysaccharides (lps) derived from clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, branhamella catarrhalis, and bordetella pertussis were evaluated for their capacity to influence the magnitude of the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii), which is known to be regulated by suppressor and amplifier t cells (ts and ta, respectively). the administration of lps, two days after immunization resulted in a significant increase in ... | 1992 | 1286878 |
| cefaclor af: correlation of microbiology and clinical outcome. | cefaclor is active against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in addition to the pathogens typically susceptible to first-generation cephalosporins. cefaclor advanced formulation (cefaclor af) provides the opportunity for once or twice daily dosing of this agent. clinical trials using cefaclor af have been carried out in a number of centres on bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, the urinary tract and the skin. in vitro susceptibility tests on selected pathogens from the ... | 1992 | 1287612 |
| changes in the spectrum of organisms causing respiratory tract infections: a review. | over the last decade, the spectrum of organisms causing community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections has changed. streptococcus pneumoniae now causes approximately 30% of outpatient acute pneumonia-less than in former decades-whereas mycoplasma pneumoniae is found in both young and elderly patients. the enterobacteriaceae and staphylococcus aureus are now seen more frequently as respiratory tract pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia patients, and they are the major organisms ... | 1992 | 1287613 |
| a multicentre trial of cefaclor advanced formulation versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute bronchitis. | two prospective randomized, double-blind, parallel studies were carried out in europe to compare cefaclor advanced formulation (cefaclor af) with cefaclor in the treatment of acute bronchitis caused by susceptible pathogens. a total of 1,321 patients suffering from acute bronchitis confirmed by clinical data and a negative chest x-ray were randomized for treatment in the two multicentre trials. three doses of cefaclor af were tested: 375 mg twice daily and 500 mg twice daily were compared with c ... | 1992 | 1287614 |
| in vitro evaluation of bay y3118, a new full-spectrum fluoroquinolone. | bay y3118, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8- chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride, is a new fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity against an expanded spectrum of species including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and also anaerobes such as bacteriodes fragilis and clostridium perfringens. mic90s for s. aureus, s. epidermid ... | 1992 | 1288961 |
| role of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis as a respiratory pathogen in children. | during a 12-month surveillance period in 1981-1982, moraxella catarrhalis was detected in cultures from nasopharyngeal aspirates from 76 (17%) of 449 children hospitalized with middle or lower respiratory tract infection. seroconversion to m. catarrhalis was positive in 4 (5%) of the 76 patients with m. catarrhalis present in nasopharyngeal aspirates and in 4 (1%) of 373 patients with a negative finding. although children with respiratory tract infections were often colonized by the organism, th ... | 1992 | 1290865 |
| bactericidal activity and postantibiotic effect of cefdinir (cl 983, fk 482) against selected pathogens. | the bactericidal activity and the postantibiotic effect (pae) of cefdinir (cl 983, fk 482) (cdr), were determined against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis and escherichia coli (5 strains each) in comparison to erythromycin (e), cotrimoxazole (sxt) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amc). kinetic studies of kill showed that cdr was rapidly bactericidal at concentrations 2 and 4 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic): a reduct ... | 1992 | 1292914 |
| [the etiology of bacterial respiratory infections in adulthood]. | upper and lower respiratory tract infections are the most frequently reported pathologies both in children and in adults. in particular, the most common clinical pictures are otitis media, principally chronic, and acute and chronic sinusitis. the microbiology of otitis media, which has been investigated thoroughly in the last year, confirmed a bacterial origin in 90% of the cases (while the incidence of the viral form is low). the etiologic agents responsible for chronic infections are gram-nega ... | 1992 | 1297401 |
| [antibiotic therapy in bronchopulmonary infections]. | because of difficulties in accurately determining an etiologic diagnosis, the ideal treatment for lower respiratory tract infections remains questionable. suggested regimens are made on the basis of clinical and epidemiological data. however, the single most common pathogen responsible for pneumonia remains streptococcus pneumoniae. atypical pneumonia in younger patients is best treated with macrolides. older patients without debility or immunodepression are best treated with amoxycillin-ampicil ... | 1992 | 1297403 |
| clarithromycin and azithromycin: new macrolide antibiotics. | the chemistry, mechanism of action, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage and administration of clarithromycin and azithromycin are described. clarithromycin and azithromycin are new macrolide antibiotics that are similar in structure to erythromycin. compared with erythromycin, clarithromycin demonstrates increased activity against staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, and chlamyd ... | 1992 | 1312921 |
| safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in two multicenter trials, lomefloxacin and cefaclor were compared as treatments for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. in total, 522 adult outpatients were enrolled at 50 centers in the united states. patients were randomized to treatment groups receiving either 400 mg lomefloxacin orally once daily (n = 259) or 250 mg cefaclor every 8 hours (n = 263) for 7-10 days. both groups were comparable in terms of age, severity of exacerbation, smoking history, theophylline use, and ba ... | 1992 | 1316059 |
| fluoroquinolone (lomefloxacin) international surveillance trial: a report of 30 months of monitoring in vitro activity. | the antimicrobial activity and spectrum of lomefloxacin were assessed by standardized disk diffusion methods in 36 countries. more than 500,000 facultative organisms were tested during the first 30 months of a 3-year monitoring interval. lomefloxacin demonstrated inhibition (zones greater than or equal to 19 mm) of greater than 90% of enterobacteriaceae, greater than 99% of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, greater than 98% of haemophilus spp., and 91% of staphylococcus aureus strains. pseudo ... | 1992 | 1316072 |
| lomefloxacin: microbiologic assessment and unique properties. | in comparative studies, lomefloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, exhibits broad antibacterial activity in vitro, similar or superior to that of other quinolones (enoxacin, ofloxacin, pipemidic acid, nalidixic acid, and norfloxacin) but less than that of ciprofloxacin. lomefloxacin inhibited neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and the majority of aerobic gram-negative rods, including nosocomial isol ... | 1992 | 1316073 |
| in-vitro activity of pd 131628, a new quinolone antimicrobial agent. | the in-vitro activity of pd 131628, the active metabolite of the prodrug pd 131112, was compared with that of ciprofloxacin and members of other groups of antimicrobial agents against 701 recent clinical isolates and strains with known mechanisms of resistance. the mic90s of pd 131628 against the enterobacteriaceae were between 0.008 and 0.5 mg/l; pd 131628 was one- to four-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against these strains and was four-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against pseudomo ... | 1992 | 1320603 |
| the in-vitro activity of two new quinolones: rufloxacin and mf 961. | the in-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobials, rufloxacin and mf 961, together with the desmethylated metabolite of rufloxacin (mf 922) were compared with other orally administered agents against 622 bacterial strains. against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa rufloxacin was generally active (mic90 1-8 mg/l) with the exception of klebsiella and serratia spp. (mic90 32 mg/l and enterobacter spp. (mic90) 64 mg/l. the respiratory pathogens haemophilus influenzae and moraxell ... | 1992 | 1324239 |
| double-blind randomized study comparing the efficacies and safeties of a short (3-day) course of azithromycin and a 5-day course of amoxicillin in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | the efficacies and safeties of a three-dose regimen of azithromycin (500 mg once daily for 3 days) and a 15-dose regimen of amoxicillin (500 mg three times daily for 5 days) were compared in a double-blind manner in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. a total of 92% of patients suffered a type 1 exacerbation. treatment success, defined as cure or major improvement, was achieved in all patients in the azithromycin group by day 5, compared with 23 (92%) of 25 patients in the ... | 1992 | 1324645 |
| antimicrobial activity of du-6859, a new potent fluoroquinolone, against clinical isolates. | du-6859, (-)-7-[(7s)-amino-5-azaspiro(2,4)heptan-5-yl]-8-chloro-6- fluoro-1-[(1r,2r)-cis-2-fluoro-1-cyclopropyl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinol one-3- carboxylic acid, is a new fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity which is significantly better than those of currently available quinolones. the mics for 90% of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates (mic90s) were 0.1, 3.13, 0.1, and 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. mic50s of du- ... | 1992 | 1324647 |
| in vitro activity of opc-17116 compared to other broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones. | the in vitro activity of opc-17116 was compared to that of five similar fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and temafloxacin). a total of 700 isolates from recent cases of clinical bacteremia were tested. fifty additional stock strains with well-characterized resistance mechanisms were also processed. the minimal concentrations inhibiting 90% of strains (mic90) of enterobacteriaceae species were for opc-17116 0.015-0.5 micrograms/ml and for ciprofloxacin 0.015-0.25 ... | 1992 | 1327789 |
| the in-vitro activity of new streptogramins, rp 59500, rp 57669 and rp 54476, alone and in combination. | rp 59500 is a 30:70 mixture of rp 57669 and rp 54476. the activity of rp 59500 and its two components against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was compared with that of clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin and rokitamycin. rp 59500 inhibited 90% of erythromycin-susceptible and resistant staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci at less than or equal to 1 mg/l (range 0.06-2 mg/l). both inducibly and constitutively-resistant strains of s. aureus, as well as strains ... | 1992 | 1328138 |
| in vitro activity of opc-17116. | the in vitro activity of opc-17116, a new c-5 methyl fluoroquinolone, was compared with the activities of other fluoroquinolones. opc-17116 inhibited 50% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested and 90% of haemophilus influenzae, neisseria species, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were inhibited, which was comparable to or better than the activities of fleroxacin, o ... | 1992 | 1329620 |
| plasma bactericidal activity of a new c-5 methyl fluoroquinolone after oral doses of 400 and 800 mg. | the plasma bactericidal activity of a new c-5 methyl fluoroquinolone, opc-17116, was determined after once-daily oral ingestion of 400 mg and 800 mg in normal, healthy volunteers. opc-17116 at a 400-mg dose produced plasma bactericidal titers greater than or equal to 1:16 at 12 hours against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. opc-17116 bactericidal titers against pseudomonas aeruginosa were 1:2 or 1:4 at 6 and 12 hours ... | 1992 | 1331205 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of am-1155, a new 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone. | am-1155 is a new quinolone with a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against various bacteria including anaerobes and mycoplasma pneumoniae. am-1155 was 2- to 16-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis; its mics for 90% of strains tested were 0.10 to 0.78 micrograms/ml. the activity of am-1155 was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin ... | 1992 | 1332587 |
| comparative in vitro activities of a new quinolone, opc-17116, possessing potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of opc-17116, a new fluoroquinolone, against a wide variety of clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin. opc-17116 showed potent broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. the activity of this compound against gram-positive bacteria was higher than those of other quinolones, and its activity against gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria was roughly comparable to those of othe ... | 1992 | 1332589 |
| the n-linked oligosaccharides of human lactoferrin are not required for binding to bacterial lactoferrin receptors. | the oligosaccharides of human lactoferrin were enzymatically removed with glycopeptidase f, resulting in a preparation containing partial and fully deglycosylated human lactoferrin. the derivatives were separated by concanavalin a affinity chromatography and compared with native human lactoferrin with respect to their ability to bind to bacterial receptors. competitive binding experiments demonstrated that the lactoferrin derivatives were equally capable as native lactoferrin in binding to recep ... | 1992 | 1335830 |
| azithromycin in upper respiratory tract infections: a clinical trial in children with otitis media. | azithromycin is a newly developed azalide antibiotic which is very active against microbes causing respiratory tract infections; tissue concentrations remain elevated for a long time after discontinuation of treatment. a clinical study was conducted to compare azithromycin (10 mg/kg administered as a single daily dose for 3 days) with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (50 mg/kg/day given b.i.d. for 10 days) in 30 children with otitis media. sensitivity testing demonstrated good azithromycin activity a ... | 1992 | 1336892 |
| fimbriation, hemagglutination and adherence properties of fresh clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis. | this study investigated the fimbriation on 24 fresh clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis by electron microscopy. all the strains were isolated from patients with respiratory infections. the branhamella catarrhalis strains were classified into three groups according to the grade of fimbriation. among these 24 strains the incidence of densely fimbriated, moderately fimbriated and sparsely fimbriated isolates were 12 (50%), 7 (29%) and 5 (21%), respectively. after five-times serial subcultu ... | 1992 | 1362238 |
| in-vitro bactericidal activity of four oral antibiotics against pathogens responsible for acute otitis media in children. | this study was designed to test the in-vitro activity of four oral antibiotics against the four microorganisms most frequently isolated in acute otitis media: beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae (n = 10), beta-lactamase-positive moraxella catarrhalis (n = 10), penicillin-sensitive streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 11) and methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (n = 10), by the bactericidal curve method. bactericidal kinetics were determined for concentrations of antibiotic equivalent ... | 1992 | 1362754 |
| fimbriae of branhamella catarrhalis as possible mediators of adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells. | this study attempted to elucidate the role of fimbriae in the adherence of b. catarrhalis to human oropharyngeal epithelial cells. antifimbrial immune serum was prepared by immunization of rabbit with whole fimbriated bacteria, and adsorption of the serum with a nonfimbriated b. catarrhalis strain. after pretreatment with the antifimbrial antiserum, the adherence of fimbriated b. catarrhalis to human epithelial cells was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). the adherence was also significantly (p ... | 1992 | 1362885 |
| characterization of an antigenically conserved heat-modifiable major outer membrane protein of branhamella catarrhalis. | branhamella catarrhalis is a common cause of otitis media in children and of respiratory infections in adults with chronic bronchitis. little is known about the antigenic structure of the outer membrane proteins (omps). in this study, two murine monoclonal antibodies, 7d6 and 5e8, were developed and used to characterize the major heat-modifiable omp (omp c/d) of b. catarrhalis. immunoblot assays indicated that omp c/d is heat modifiable, having a molecular mass of 55 kda at room temperature and ... | 1992 | 1371769 |
| clarithromycin. a review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. | clarithromycin is an acid-stable orally administered macrolide antimicrobial drug, structurally related to erythromycin. it has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, similar to that of erythromycin and inhibits a range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, atypical pathogens and some anaerobes. significantly, clarithromycin demonstrates greater in vitro activity than erythromycin against certain pathogens including bacteroides melaninogenicus, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia tracho ... | 1992 | 1379907 |
| ultrastructural study on the adherence of branhamella catarrhalis to oropharyngeal epithelial cell. | in the present study, it was observed that branhamella catarrhalis adhere to the microplicae of the oropharyngeal epithelial cells. both long and short microplicae patterns are present on the surface of oropharyngeal epithelial cells and the adherence ability of fimbriated branhamella catarrhalis also varies according to the microplicae pattern. it was found that branhamella catarrhalis attached more to one surface of the epithelial cell than to the other, suggesting that the presence of recepto ... | 1992 | 1381805 |
| the bactericidal activity and postantibiotic effect of trospectomycin. | trospectomycin sulfate (trospectomycin, trs) is a novel, broad-spectrum, aminocyclitol antibiotic that is being developed clinically for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and gonorrhea. this study investigated the bactericidal activity (by time-kill kinetics) and the postantibiotic effect (pae) of trs. species-dependent bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity was observed for trs; the antibiotic was bacteriostatic for staphylococc ... | 1992 | 1386566 |
| [bacteremic pneumonia caused by moraxella catarrhalis in a non-immunosuppressed patient]. | | 1992 | 1391026 |
| late-onset moraxella catarrhalis endophthalmitis after filtering surgery. | we describe a young man in whom endophthalmitis caused by moraxella catarrhalis developed 5 years after glaucoma filtering surgery. the infection responded to treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and 2 months after presentation the visual acuity had returned to 20/50. to our knowledge this is the first report of late-onset endophthalmitis due to m. catarrhalis complicating glaucoma filtering surgery. | 1992 | 1393813 |
| antibacterial activity of the investigational oral and parenteral cephalosporin bk-218. | bk-218 is a novel cephalosporin with a dual route of administration and spectrum of activity most similar to that of second-generation cephalosporins. bk-218 was active against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis but strains resistant to penicillins had higher mics. bk-218 had greater activity (8-fold) than cefuroxime or cefaclor against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus spp. moderate bk-218 activity was observed against neisseria gonorrhoeae and commonl ... | 1992 | 1396735 |
| use of molecular methods to characterize moraxella catarrhalis strains in a suspected outbreak of nosocomial infection. | sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell protein, immunoblotting with normal human serum and restriction endonuclease analysis using taq i enzyme were applied to 38 clinically significant isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis obtained during a suspected outbreak of nosocomial infection. each of 18 strains had individual profiles by at least two of the three methods (unique strains). the remaining 20 strains were assigned to five groups (a-e) on the basis ... | 1992 | 1396749 |
| characterization of cell-bound papain-soluble beta-lactamases in bro-1 and bro-2 producing strains of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and moraxella nonliquefaciens. | in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and moraxella nonliquefaciens strains isolated from clinical specimens in the south of sweden two variants of beta-lactamase were distinguished by isoelectric focusing (ief). the bro-1 (ravasio type) enzyme was the most common in branhamella catarrhalis, constituting about 90% of the beta-lactamase found in this species, while the bro-2 enzyme (1908 type) was as common as bro-1 in moraxella nonliquefaciens. the determinants mediating the production of bro-1 ... | 1992 | 1396750 |
| comparative in vitro activity of cefdinir (ci-983; fk-482) against staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli and respiratory tract pathogens. | the in vitro activity of cefdinir (ci-983; fk-482), a new oral cephalosporin, was compared with that of other antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli and common respiratory tract pathogens. cefdinir (mic90 less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml) was more active than cefixime (mic90 greater than 64 micrograms/ml) and equally as active as cefuroxime (mic90 2.0 micrograms/ml) against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci. cefdinir was active against hae ... | 1992 | 1396778 |
| comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ru29246, the active metabolite of hr916b. | hr 916b is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. in tests its active metabolite, ru29246, inhibited streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, which is similar to the antibacterial activity of cefuroxime, and was more active than cefaclor. it was also more active (mic 2 micrograms/ml) than cefixime, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefotaxime against staphylococci. ru29246 inhibited escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, ci ... | 1992 | 1396779 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of rp 59500. | the in-vitro activity of rp 59500 was compared with that of other appropriate antibiotics against 131 staphylococci, 97 streptococci, 20 enterococci, 68 neisseria spp., 68 haemophilus influenzae, 21 moraxella catarrhalis and 250 gram-negative bacilli. rp 59500 was more active than oxacillin, vancomycin and erythromycin against staphylococci (mic 0.03-4 mg/l). rp 59500 inhibited streptococci between 0.03-1 mg/l and enterococci between 1-8 mg/l, but was less active than ampicillin and erythromycin ... | 1992 | 1399949 |
| transformational exchanges in the dihydropteroate synthase gene of neisseria meningitidis: a novel mechanism for acquisition of sulfonamide resistance. | the nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes in sulfonamide-susceptible and sulfonamide-resistant strains of neisseria meningitidis of serogroups a, b and c were determined. the molecular weights and the amino acid sequences showed similarity to those of all other known dihydropteroate synthase polypeptides. sequence comparison of the n. meningitidis dhps genes indicated horizontal transfer of dna segments rather than point mutations as the cause for resistan ... | 1992 | 1400191 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of upper respiratory tract pathogens in sweden: a seven year follow-up study including loracarbef. swedish respiratory tract study group. | the antibiotic susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated in five different geographical areas of sweden in 1990 and compared with results from similar investigations performed in 1983 and 1986. tests on 100 isolates per species and laboratory were performed by the disk diffusion method, and 10% of the strains plus all resistant ones were sent to the central laboratory for determination of mics of ampicill ... | 1992 | 1411315 |
| in vitro activity of l-627, a new carbapenem. | the in vitro activity of l-627, a new parenterally administered carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, meropenem, fce 22101 (a penem), ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. l-627 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic for 90% of strains tested [mic90] ranging from 0.03 to 4 micrograms/ml). l-627 displayed activity equal to that of meropenem against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90, 2 micrograms/ml), although, as with other carbapenems, the antipseudomonal activity was re ... | 1992 | 1416883 |
| antibacterial oxazolidinones. in vitro activity of a new analogue, e3709. | the oxazolidinone compound e3709, which contains a 4-pyridyl group, was found to be more active in vitro than other members of this series, such as dup 721. mic90 for staphylococci(including methicillin-resistant isolates), streptococci (including enterococcus faecalis), clostridia, and diphtheroids was less than 0.5 micrograms/ml. haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and bacteroides fragilis were less susceptible, with an mic90 between 2 and 8 micrograms/ml. e3709 mics of gram-negativ ... | 1992 | 1424519 |
| in vitro activity of cefprozil (bmy 28100) and cefepime (bmy 28142) against streptococcus pneumoniae, branhamella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae, and provisional interpretive criteria for disk diffusion and dilution susceptibility tests with haemophilus influenzae. | the in vitro activities of two new cephalosporins, an oral agent, cefprozil and a parenteral compound, cefepime, were assessed against recent clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae. in general, both cefprozil and cefepime mics were higher for beta-lactamase-producing strains of m. catarrhalis in comparison to strains that lacked beta-lactamase. by contrast, beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of h. influenzae had s ... | 1992 | 1424521 |
| the antimicrobial susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis isolated in england and scotland in 1991. | between 1 january and 31 march 1991, 20 laboratories in england and scotland sent a total of 413 consecutive clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis to the london hospital medical college (lhmc). after confirmation of identity, the susceptibility of all isolates to 11 antimicrobial agents was determined. of the 375 (90.8%) isolates which were found at lhmc to be beta-lactamase-positive, 174 produced zones of inhibition around 2 micrograms ampicillin disc which were greater than or equal to 20 ... | 1992 | 1429336 |
| [biochemical analysis of lipopolysaccharides from respiratory pathogenic branhamella catarrhalis strains and the role of anti-lps antibodies in branhamella respiratory infections]. | we characterized lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from respiratory pathogenic branhamella catarrhalis (bc) strains, and evaluated the protective property of anti-bc lps antibody in bc respiratory infections. lpss from four strains of bc were lipooligosaccharide having no o-side chain and a m(r) of 3 kda, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). all of them produced different patterns, showing two to four bands on sds-page. we found high level of anti-bc igg ... | 1992 | 1431352 |
| [antimicrobial activities of major oral antibacterial agents against clinically isolated microbial strains from outpatients with respiratory tract infection]. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for major oral antibacterial agents for clinically isolated microbial strains from materials collected from outpatients with respiratory tract infections in 1988, 1989 and 1990, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) appeared to be responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections, but there also was a tendency showing that mrsa increased year by year. 2. a tendency ... | 1992 | 1433904 |
| branhamella catarrhalis colonization in preschool asthmatics. | branhamella catarrhalis has been associated with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and asthma in adults. to investigate the possible role of b. catarrhalis in asthma of early childhood, we took posterior pharyngeal swabs from 24 normal children, 20 well asthmatics, and 20 acutely wheezy asthmatics, all between 1 and 4 years of age. on culture, 33% of the normal children were colonized with b. catarrhalis; colonization rates in the well asthmatics (70%) and in the wheezy asthmatics (75%) were s ... | 1992 | 1437325 |
| [evaluation of a selective medium for the isolation of moraxella catarrhalis]. | the recovery rate of moraxella catarrhalis in a selective culture medium with acetazolamide and in a conventional blood-agar medium was compared from 1291 samples from the respiratory tract and conjunctivae of children and adults with respiratory and ocular symptomatology. m. catarrhalis was recovered in 215 samples on the acetazolamide medium, and only. 18 cases in the blood agar medium (p < 0.001). the highest recovery of m. catarrhalis was in samples with an accompanying flora, either pathoge ... | 1992 | 1450260 |
| antibacterial profile of flurithromycin, a new macrolide. | the in-vitro activity of flurithromycin against common respiratory tract gram-positive (85 strains) and gram-negative (44 strains) pathogens, and a collection of anaerobes (125 strains) was compared with that of erythromycin, cefixime, amoxycillin, co-amoxiclav, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin and clindamycin. flurithromycin possessed the same spectrum and potency of antimicrobial activity as erythromycin. the presence of 50% human serum in the test media enhanced the activity of flurithromycin agains ... | 1992 | 1452490 |
| bronchoalveolar distribution of cefuroxime axetil and in-vitro efficacy of observed concentrations against respiratory pathogens. | the concentrations of cefuroxime in human alveolar macrophages (am), epithelial lining fluid (elf), bronchial mucosal biopsies and serum were measured after a single dose, equivalent to 500 mg of cefuroxime base, given in the form of the orally-administered pro-drug, cefuroxime axetil. fourteen patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage were studied. the mean elf concentration was 0.7 mg/l, that of bronchial biopsies was 1.8 mg/kg and that of serum 3.5 mg/l. am-assoc ... | 1992 | 1452503 |
| detection of beta-lactamase production in moraxella catarrhalis. | | 1992 | 1452507 |
| [bacterial epidemiology of acute otitis media]. | since the middle of the 1980's, haemophilus influenzae is the most common bacterial species responsible for acute otitis media in france, followed by streptococcus pneumoniae. haemophilus influenzae has maintained its leading position since 1985, but the rate of pneumococcal acute otitis media is increasing fairly steadily. the other recent change with regard to the distribution of bacterial agents is the emergence, four years later than in north america, of branhamella catarrhalis which current ... | 1992 | 1456675 |
| [empyema due to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis]. | we present a case of empyema by moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in a patient affected by a bronchogenic epidermoid carcinoma. we describe the basic clinical characteristics of the infection by moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and we confirm the low incidence of empyema by such germ. | 1992 | 1467405 |
| variability of surface-exposed antigens of different strains of moraxella catarrhalis. | for serological diagnosis of infection with moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis it is important to determine if there is variability of antigenic properties among different strains. cross-reactions of nine strains were investigated by an immunofluorescence test using sera from immunized rabbits. all titres but one were 1:256 or higher, the highest being 1:4096. thus a high degree of antigenic similarity was demonstrated among different strains of moraxella catarrhalis. however, the homologous ti ... | 1992 | 1486887 |
| killing kinetics of five orally administered antibiotics at clinically achievable concentrations against moraxella catarrhalis. | time-kill kinetic studies were used to measure the bactericidal activity of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (in a new form for pediatric use), cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime and erythromycin against 30 beta-lactamase producing moraxella catarrhalis strains. antibiotics were tested at the mean maximum serum concentration observed after administration of a standard dose and at 0.5 x cmax, 0.33 x cmax and 0.25 x cmax. a 2 log10 reduction in colony counts was obtained with the cmax of amoxicillin/clavul ... | 1992 | 1486888 |
| in vitro activity of ru 29246, the active compound of the cephalosporin prodrug ester hr 916. | the in vitro activity of ru 29246 was compared with those of other agents against 536 recent clinical isolates. the mics of ru 29246 for 90% of members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested (mic90s) were less than 2 micrograms/ml except those for morganella spp. (16 micrograms/ml) and proteus spp. (8 micrograms/ml). ru 29246 was active against staphylococcus aureus (mic90, < or = 8 micrograms/ml) and against staphylococcus saprophyticus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (mic90s, < or = 2 mi ... | 1992 | 1489178 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefetamet against clinically isolated microbial strains collected from urban rti patients]. | the authors studied antimicrobial activities of cefetamet (cfmt) and other leading oral antimicrobials of beta-lactam class against clinically isolated strains from urban respiratory tract infection (rti) patients from january to march, 1992. 1. cfmt showed potent antimicrobial activities against "3 primary pathogens" of rtis i.e., streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, but the drug had a slightly higher mic than those of a few oxime-type cephems already on ... | 1992 | 1494228 |
| [laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil in the field of pediatrics]. | laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil (cfpz, bmy-28100), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of cfpz were determined upon oral administration of cfpz after meal at doses of 4 mg/kg granules in a case, 7.5 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 15 mg/kg granules in one. peak serum levels of cfpz were obtained at an hour in 3 cases and at 2 hour ... | 1992 | 1494237 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of 5% and 10% granules of cefdinir in the pediatric field]. | bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefdinir (cfdn, fk482), a new oral cephalosporin, 5% and 10% granules, were performed in the field of pediatrics. the results are summarized below. 1. antibacterial activities antibacterial activities of cfdn against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were studied in comparison with those of cefaclor (ccl), cefi ... | 1992 | 1495196 |
| immune response to outer membrane antigens of moraxella catarrhalis in children with otitis media. | the systemic and local antibody responses to homologous strains of moraxella catarrhalis were investigated in 14 children with otitis media. a total of 8 children (57%) demonstrated a rise in serum antibody of the immunoglobulin g (igg) (5 of 14), igm (5 of 14), or iga (6 of 14) classes of immunoglobulin to outer membrane antigens. local antibody consisted of igg (100%), igm (29%), and iga (71%). the igg and iga specific antibody present in middle-ear effusions appeared to represent local produc ... | 1992 | 1500191 |
| the new macrolides: expanding the ways in antibiotic treatment. | after almost forty years of its introduction, erythromycin will not be the exclusive member of the macrolide group of antibiotic agents, but a new generation of its derivatives which surpass it in pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy will also be available. clarithromycin, a 14-membered derivative, has shown acid stability, longer half-life, lower protein binding and higher lung tissue penetration. its exceedingly high activity against erythromycin-susceptible gram-positive cocci, my ... | 1992 | 1503585 |
| bacterial arthritis. | the 1991 literature on septic arthritis included a concise review of adult septic arthritis, examples of pseudoseptic arthritis, and two interesting animal studies. one animal study examined the induction of acute synovitis by the intra-articular injection of bacterial endotoxin and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta; and the other studied the effects of early and delayed synovectomy in the management of septic arthritis. the predispositions to septic arthritis can ... | 1992 | 1503874 |
| in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent. | the in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin (a-61827) was compared with that of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin and selected members of other groups of antimicrobial agents, against 684 recent distinct clinical isolates and strains with known mechanisms of resistance. against members of the enterobacteriaceae, ciprofloxacin was slightly more active than tosufloxacin, which was more active than temafloxacin. the mic90 of tosufloxacin for all species of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acineto ... | 1992 | 1506348 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with meropenem in the pediatric field. pediatric study group of meropenem]. | pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations in pediatrics were made on meropenem (sm-7338, mepm), a new parenteral dehydropeptidase-1 stable carbapenem used without any inhibitors, at 33 medical institutions. the results are summarized as follows. 1. pharmacokinetic studies. mepm at a dose of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg was administered to 53 children by 30-minute drip infusion. peak plasma concentrations (cmax's) and plasma half-lives (t1/2's) of these doses were 28.5, 47.2 and 130.0 micrograms/ml, and 0. ... | 1992 | 1507401 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem in the pediatric field]. | bacteriological and clinical studies have been performed on meropenem (mepm, sm-7338), a newly developed carbapenem antibiotic, in the pediatric field. 1. antibacterial activities of mepm against 24 clinical isolates were determined. mepm showed excellent activity against gram-positive bacteria including staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria, especially escherichia coli and branhamella catarrhalis. against haemophilus influenzae, mepm had a higher activity than imipenem and flomoxef, ... | 1992 | 1507406 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies were performed on panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) in children. the results are summarized as follow: 1. twelve patients with various bacterial infectious diseases were treated with papm/bp. each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, administered 3 times daily, in 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. treatments were continued for 5-22 days. clinical efficacies of papm/bp in 12 patients with bacterial infections (1 with suspected sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 ... | 1992 | 1512926 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. | we carried out bacteriological and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp), a newly-developed carbapenem antibiotic, in pediatrics, and the following results were obtained: 1. when antibacterial activities of panipenem (papm) were determined, it was found that mics against such gram-positive cocci as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae and against such gram-negative rods as escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and branhamella catarrhalis wer ... | 1992 | 1512929 |
| ten-year review of otitis media pathogens. | data collected from 1980 to 1989 by investigators at the pittsburgh otitis media research center were examined to detect changes over time in the prevalence of bacteria isolated from middle ear effusions in patients with otitis media. the organisms isolated most commonly from the 7396 effusions cultured at the center were streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. s. pneumoniae predominated in the subgroup of patients with acute otitis media, whereas h. influenzae was isolated most fre ... | 1992 | 1513611 |
| characterization of bacteriocins from two strains of bacillus thermoleovorans, a thermophilic hydrocarbon-utilizing species. | bacillus thermoleovorans s-ii and b. thermoleovorans nr-9 produce bacteriocins, and these bacteriocins are designated thermoleovorin-s2 and thermoleovorin-n9, respectively. the bacteriocins are effective against all but the producing strain of b. thermoleovorans, as well as being effective against salmonella typhimurium, branhamella catarrhalis, streptococcus faecalis, and thermus aquaticus. thermoleovorins are produced during log-phase growth and are inhibitory to actively growing cells. the ba ... | 1992 | 1514786 |
| the macrophage response to bacteria. modulation of macrophage functional activity by peptidoglycan from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis organisms have been shown to be particularly efficient in inducing in a pure population of bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes secretory and cellular activities. in the present study, the ability of peptidoglycan from this gram-negative organism to trigger a macrophage response was compared with that elicited by peptidoglycan from staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. the results show that the three peptidoglycans were similarly active in trigger ... | 1992 | 1516255 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefetamet against fresh clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis]. | against strains of branhamella catarrhalis which were separated from various rtis (respiratory tract infections) in 1991 antimicrobial activities (mics) of cefetamet (cfmt) were determined, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. the mic80 of cfmt against b. catarrhalis was 0.39 microgram/ml, which was higher than that of cefixime (cfix) by one dilution or twofold, but was lower than that of cefpodoxime (cpdx) by two dilutions or fourfold and that of cefotiam (ctm) by three dilutions or ... | 1992 | 1518118 |
| [pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in the pediatric field]. | panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) is a mixture of panipenem (papm), carbapenem antibiotic, and betamipron (bp), n-benzoyl-beta-alanine. the adverse reaction to papm of the kidney is reduced by the addition of bp to papm which inhibits the anion transport in the kidney tubules. we studied the pharmacokinetics and the clinical efficacies of papm/bp in children and we evaluated the antibacterial activities of papm by determining mic values of papm in vitro against organisms isolated in our children's ... | 1992 | 1518128 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem (mepm) were performed in children. the results are summarized as follows: 1. a total of 16 patients was treated with mepm. each dose was 20 mg/kg, and administration was made 3 times daily using 30-minute intravenous drip infusion for 5-28 days. clinical efficacies of mepm in 16 patients with bacterial infections (1 with purulent meningitis, 1 with suspected subdural abscess, 2 with suspected sepsis, 4 with pneumonia, 1 with acut ... | 1992 | 1522674 |
| cefaclor advanced formulation versus cefaclor in the treatment of pneumonia. | the use of cefaclor advanced formulation (cefaclor af) in the treatment of pneumonia caused by susceptible organisms was investigated in a multi-center trial conducted in the united kingdom and the united states. a total of 266 patients were enrolled in this double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, parallel study; 132 patients were treated with cefaclor af and 134 patients received the reference drug cefaclor. inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, with a posi ... | 1992 | 1525791 |
| clinical and bacteriological experience with cefodizime in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | 1 or 2 g doses of cefodizime i.m. were studied in 287 patients admitted to hospital with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, mostly associated with haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae or moraxella catarrhalis. pharmacokinetic studies in serum and sputum on the first treatment day yielded mean peak serum concentrations of 50 to 100 mg/l, with corresponding sputum concentrations of 1.4 and 2.7 mg/l, after the two respective doses. no great differences were found betwee ... | 1992 | 1526671 |
| in vitro activity of cefodizime. | cefodizime is a bactericidal cephem with the typical broad spectrum activity of an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: its mic90 is 0.125 mg/l for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci; and 0.05 mg/l for haemophilus spp., neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and moraxella catarrhalis; while beta-lactamase positive strains of m. catarrhalis require 1 mg/l. less than 1 mg/l is needed for escherichia coli, ... | 1992 | 1526673 |