| [studies on moraxella iii. studies on a new haemolysin test medium for moraxella bovis (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 101607 |
| physical mapping of bk virus dna with saci, mboii, and alui restriction endonucleases. | a new restriction endonuclease, saci from streptomyces achromogenes cleaves bk virus (strain mm) dna into 3 fragments, whereas mboii from moraxella bovis and alui from arthrobacter luteus give 22 and 30 fragments, respectively. all these specific dna fragments were ordered and mapped on the viral genome by two methods first, by the reciprocal digestion method using uniformly 32p-labeled dna; and second, by the partial digestion technique using the single-end 32p-labeled dna. this study, together ... | 1978 | 215783 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: treatment of moraxella bovis infections with antibiotics. | | 1977 | 286339 |
| antibacterial activity of heneicomycin. | heneicomycin is structurally similar to efrotomycin, mocimycin (kirromycin) and x-5108 (goldinomycin). comparisons were limited because of the small supplies available. all antibiotics show the same in vitro antibacterial spectrum although some test cultures were less sensitive to efrotomycin. heneicomycin compared favorably with efrotomycin when given subcutaneously or per os against infections with moraxella bovis and streptococcus pyogenes. the raid elimination of heneicomycin observed follow ... | 1979 | 468738 |
| hemolytic activity of moraxella bovis. | | 1979 | 480770 |
| fibrinolytic activity of moraxella bovis. | | 1979 | 513399 |
| relationship between biological properties of moraxella bovis and its virulence for mice. | | 1979 | 550075 |
| production and characterization of moraxella bovis hemolysin. | moraxella bovis hemolysin was produced in trypticase soy broth and maximum hemolytic activity of the culture was observed during the logarithmic phase of growth. the hemolysin was filterable through a 0.22-micrometer (apd) membrane filter, heat labile, and destroyed by treatment with formalin or trypsin. there was no difference in the amount of hemolysin production by rough or smooth colony types of an isolate, although differences were observed between 2 different isolates. partial requirement ... | 1977 | 879584 |
| two sequence-specific endonucleases from moraxella bovis. | | 1977 | 909085 |
| moraxella bovis-induced metritis and septicemia in a rabbit. | | 1977 | 924879 |
| experimentally induced infections bovine keratoconjunctivitis: effectiveness of a pilus vaccine against exposure to homologous strains of moraxella bovis. | a study was conducted to determine whether vaccination with sonicated pili of moraxella bovis would protect cattle from subsequent infection and disease when experimentally challenged by exposure to homologous cultures of m bovis. some calves were intramuscularly inoculated 2 times with pili of m bovis suspended in water, and others were subcutaneously inoculated 2 times with pili of m bovis suspended in oil; 21 days were allowed between inculations. controls were nonvaccinated calves. fourteen ... | 1977 | 931134 |
| bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis: carrier state of moraxella bovis and the development of preventive measures against disease. | bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis, which is caused by moraxella bovis, occurs perennially in all cattle-raising areas. disease may occur any time during the year but manifests itself often during summer when disease-enhancing factors such as ultraviolet radiation and fly population are increased. although some recent research findings indicate that cattle can be immunized against the disease, many problems have to be overcome before the cattle industry can benefit from such immunization. so ... | 1975 | 1097382 |
| the identification of moraxella bovis and neisseria ovis from the eyes of cattle and sheep. | the cultural characteristics of moraxella bovis and neisseria ovis from eyes of cattle and sheep were examined to determine which tests precisely identified the isolates. the elongation test to distinguish the bacillary m vovis from the coccal n ovis, the nitrate reduction and the litmus milk tests were found to be the most reliable. | 1979 | 504803 |
| [hemolytic toxin of moraxella bovis]. | | 1975 | 1240264 |
| comparison of vaccination and treatment in controlling naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | a vaccination study for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was conducted on 108 newborn hereford calves in the us department of agriculture meat animal research center cattle herd at clay center, nebraska. groups were allocated so that age of calf, sex of calf, and age of dam were equally distributed between the 54 vaccinated (group i) and the 54 nonvaccinated (group 2) control calves. the dams of both groups of calves were monitored as group 3 controls. an autogenous moraxella bovis bacteri ... | 1979 | 464360 |
| abortion in laboratory animals induced by moraxella bovis. | pregnant mice, guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits responded to injections of moraxella bovis strain epp-63(300) with abortion, death, embryo resorption, and production of small litters. the nature of response appeared to depend primarily on the number of viable cells injected and to some extent on the species of animal and stage of pregnancy. intraperitoneal injection of mice with 3 x 10(5) viable cells induced 100% abortion and no deaths. embryo resorption and smaller litters were induced with inje ... | 1979 | 457280 |
| serologic response of vaccinated cattle to strains of moraxella bovis isolated during epizootics of keratoconjunctivitis. | in studies to determine whether there were antigenic differences between strains (isolates) of moraxella bovis, the sera from vaccinated calves were tested with isolates of m bovis while the calves were experiencing epizootics of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk). before the epizootics of ibk, the calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a formalin-killed autogenous m bovis bacterin. during the epizootics, the eyes were examined by cultural technique, and isolates which were obtain ... | 1978 | 415645 |
| bacterial differentiation within moraxella bovis colonies growing at the interface of the agar medium with the petri dish. | moraxella bovis was found to colonize the interface between agar and the polystyrene petri dish, producing circular colonies when the inoculum was stabbed at a single point. the bacteria occurred in a thin layer of nearly uniform thickness, and colonial expansion occurred in at least two temporal phases. in the first phase, the radial colonial expansion was slow and non-linear. in the second phase, the radial expansion was linear. the interfacial colonies possessed three characteristic concentri ... | 1992 | 1362585 |
| detection of moraxella bovis antibodies in the siga, igg, and igm classes of immunoglobulin in bovine lacrimal secretions by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. | the relationship between clinical infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) and moraxella bovis antibodies was evaluated in a herd of calves during one summer. the detection and the distribution of antibody response in lacrimal secretions of beef calves to natural exposure of m bovis were determined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. three classes of immunoglobulins--secretory iga, igm, and igg--were monitored in lacrimal secretions over a 5-month period when ibk was enzootic in the he ... | 1978 | 352205 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: comparison of a fluorescent antibody technique and cultural isolation for the detection of moraxella bovis in eye secretions. | | 1977 | 335929 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis i. experimental production. | one or both eyes of 20 calves were inoculated one or more time with variou(s combinations of microorganism (live oor killed moraxella bovis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenovirus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus and mycoplasma bovoculi) by conjunctival instillation or direct inoculation of the conjunctivea or cornea. the eyes of all the calves received natural or artificial ultraviolet irradiation. neither the adenovirus nor parainfluenza-3 virus became established in the eye o ... | 1975 | 163126 |
| studies on the pathogenicity of moraxella bovis in relation to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | | 1979 | 43337 |
| identification of colonies of moraxella bovis by plate epi-immunofluorescence. | a modification of the plate epi-immunofluorescence test was found to be a reliable method for the positive identification of colonies of moraxella bovis when fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated globulin prepared against pili from selected strains of m bovis was used. a cross-reaction with other members of the genus moraxella or other moraxella-like organisms was not observed, except with an equine moraxella sp, which produced a weak reaction. | 1979 | 43106 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: a ring device designed for prolonged retention in the bovine eye. | a study was conducted to determine whether treatment devices could be designed for prolonged retention in the eyes of cattle. experimental design ring devices were compared relative to their ease of insertion, induction of adverse tissue reaction, and period of retention. the ring devices were also compared with commercially available devices used in human eyes. ring devices having a circumference smaller than that of the conjunctival sac, but larger than that of the globe of the eye, were easy ... | 1975 | 1147348 |
| experimental production of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: comparison of serological and immunological responses using pili fractions of moraxella bovis. | the effect of vaccinating cattle and mice on the development of keratoconjunctivitis was studied. cattle were vaccinated with whole cells, disrupted cells and pili fractions of three strains of moraxella bovis. mice were vaccinated with pili fractions of three strains. the resistance of all vaccinated animals was challenged with virulent cultures of m. bovis. in an attempt to correlate the response seen after vaccination and challenge with a pili fraction of m. bovis, vaccinated cattle and mice ... | 1976 | 1000379 |
| the structlre of pili (fimbriae) of moraxella bovis. | cells from rough and smooth colonies of moraxella bovis were examined by electron microscopy utilizing both shadowing and thin sectioning techniques. pili were found on the surfaces of cells from rough but not smooth colonies. pili had a peritrichoud distribution and appeared as delicate (6.5-8.5 nm in diameter), elongated unbranched filaments. when bacteria were sectioned pili did not contain central pores and appeared to originate from opacities on the surface of the cell wall. | 1976 | 1000369 |
| product of the pseudomonas aeruginosa gene pild is a prepilin leader peptidase. | the related type iv pilins produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa, neisseria gonorrhoeae, bacteroides nodosus, and moraxella bovis are synthesized as precursors with short, six- or seven-amino acid n-terminal leader peptides. we have previously observed that p. aeruginosa mutations in pild, a gene required for pilus biogenesis, result in the accumulation of unprocessed prepilin in the membrane and a general defect in the excretion of a number of extracellular enzymes. an endopeptidase activity has b ... | 1991 | 1901657 |
| plasmid content of piliated and nonpiliated forms of moraxella bovis. | plasmid profiles were compared between nonpiliated and piliated forms of moraxella bovis isolates. the piliated form of m bovis isolate ibh64 contained 1 fewer plasmid than did the nonpiliated form. piliated and nonpiliated cells of ibh64 contained plasmids having molecular size of 45, 32.8, 4.9, and 4.6 kilobases (kb). single- and double-restriction endonuclease digestion by ava i and nde i indicated that the size of the additional plasmid carried by the nonpiliated form of ibh64 was approximat ... | 1990 | 1967921 |
| detection of moraxella bovis antibodies in infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis by a passive hemagglutination test. | a passive hemagglutination test was developed to detect antibody response to moraxella bovis in tears. tannic acid-treated sheep erythrocytes were sensitized with sonicated antigen prepared from m bovis cultures. the test was found to be a relatively simple, specific, and reliable procedure for titrating antibodies in lacrimal secretions. the hemagglutination test could be a valuable method for seroepizootiologic investigation of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | 1976 | 999074 |
| effects of vaccination with a moraxella bovis bacterin on the subsequent development of signs of corneal disease and infection with m bovis in calves under natural environmental conditions. | a vaccination study was conducted for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) in 440 purebred hereford cattle (cows and their newborn calves) of the usda meat animal research center cattle herd at clay center, ne. the cattle were allotted to 4 groups: 60 calves were vaccinated with an autogenous moraxella bovis bacterin (group 1); 60 calves that were matched with group 1 calves were designated nonvaccinated matched controls (group 2); 99 calves were peer group nonvaccinated controls (group ... | 1976 | 984561 |
| extracellular antigens of moraxella bovis. | the extracellular antigens of 2 isolates of moraxella bovis were isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation of cell-free culture filtrate, purified by filtration and differentiated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic techniques. the extracellular filtrate from rough types had 2 specific extracellular antigens in addition to those in the culture filtrate of smooth-type cells of the same isolate. the extracellular antigens produced by smooth-type cells were identical in all isolates of mo ... | 1976 | 962217 |
| identification, cloning, and sequencing of piv, a new gene involved in inverting the pilin genes of moraxella lacunata. | moraxella lacunata is a bacterium that is a causative agent of human conjunctivitis and keratitis. we have previously cloned the q and i pilin (formerly called beta and alpha pilin) genes of moraxella bovis and determined that an inversion of 2 kilobases (kb) of dna determines which pilin gene is expressed. using an m. bovis pilin gene as a hybridization probe to screen a lambda zap library of m. lacunata dna, we have isolated a clone that not only contains the entire type 4 pilin gene inversion ... | 1990 | 1973927 |
| bacteriologic and vaccination studies in a field epizootic of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in calves. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) was enzootic in the beef cattle herds at dixon springs agricultural center, university of illinois. the development of nonhemolytic and hemolytic moraxella bovis flora in the eyes of 48 calves in a closed cow-calf herd was monitored from late may to october, 1972. the incidence of clinical ibk was recorded each week. in late may, nonhemolytic m bovis was isolated from 26% of calf eyes. the peak incidence of ibk was observed in early september, with 26 ... | 1976 | 937804 |
| induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: vaccination with whole cell bacterins of moraxella bovis mixed with freund's incomplete adjuvant. | our studies on vaccination against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis were extended to include the use of adjuvant bacterins. seventeen calves were given 2 doses of killed moraxella bovis mixed with freund's incomplete adjuvant; 15 calves were given 2 doses of whole cell bacterin without adjuvant. four weeks later, all vaccinated and non-vaccinated (control) calves were challenge exposed by the conjunctival administration of virulent m bovis. the incorporation of freund's incomplete adjuvant ... | 1977 | 931173 |
| a comparison of various haemophilus somnus strains. | sixty-eight haemophilus somnus strains isolated from the bovine in canada and the u.s.a. were compared. in media enriched with 5% ovine serum, 5% bovine serum and 10% yeast extract, h. somnus fermented glucose, levulose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose, but failed to ferment arabinose, dulcitol, galactose, inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin and sucrose. the organisms acidified litmus milk, produced cytochrome oxidase, indole and hydrogen sulfide (h(2)s) an ... | 1977 | 922555 |
| isolation of listeria monocytogenes type 04 from cases of keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep. | keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep is usually recognized as a summer problem. the infective agency usually isolated from cattle is moraxella bovis. in sheep neisseria ovis and rickettsia (colesiota) conjunctivae are expected to be found. this report describes isolations of listeria monocytogenes from eye inflammations in housed cattle and sheep. | 1975 | 806058 |
| experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: relationship of vaccination schedule to protection against exposure with homologous moraxella bovis culture. | calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a formalin-killed moraxella bovis culture. they were given 3 doses of the vaccinal culture at 3 different intervals between injections, as follows: 7-day intervals (group i), 14-day intervals (group ii), an21-day intervals (group iii); 14 days after the 3rd vaccinal dose was given, calves in all groups were challenge exposed to virulent homologous m bovis. the challenge bacterium became established in all (100%) of the control (group iv, n equals 8) an ... | 1975 | 803804 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis ii. antibodies in lacrimal secretions of cattle naturally or experimentally infected with moraxella bovis. | preinfection, acute and convalescent phase lacrimal secretions from 20 cattle that had mild to severe keratoconjunctivitis (associated with natural or experimental moraxella bovis infection) were tested for specific antibody to m. bovis as well as for immunoglobulins, particulary of the a class. the convalescent phase secretions from all four natural cases but from only seven of the 16 experimental cases contained increased amounts of immunoglobulins, predominantly of the a class. only the secre ... | 1975 | 803398 |
| hydrolysis of tween by moraxella bovis. | | 1978 | 740045 |
| experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: potentiation of a moraxella bovis pilus vaccine's immunogenicity by vaccination with mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin. | | 1978 | 717879 |
| experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: resistance of vaccinated cattle to homologous and heterologous strains of moraxella bovis. | in studies to determine whether vaccination with one strain of moraxella bovis would protect against challenge with virulent homologous or heterologous strains, calves were intramuscularly inoculated 3 times with formalin-killed m bovis, with 14 days between inoculations. fourteen days after the 3rd vaccinal dose was given, all calves were exposed to homologous or heterologous virulent cultures of m bovis. the results indicated that vaccination with one strain of m bovis may induce protective im ... | 1976 | 1247198 |
| immunogenicity of moraxella bovis hemolysin. | anti-moraxella bovis hemolysin activity was observed in 35 cattle exposed to field infections of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk). all cattle in infected herds seroconverted with respect to antihemolysin whether or not clinical ibk was noted. cattle previously exposed to ibk possessed higher antihemolysin titers than did younger, nonexposed cattle. antihemolysin activity was noted in bovine sera up to 7 years after exposure to ibk. sera from experimentally infected calves were found ... | 1985 | 2408520 |
| identification of moraxella bovis by using a monoclonal antibody to a lipopolysaccharide epitope. | a monoclonal antibody to the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella bovis is described. in an indirect fluorescent-antibody test, this monoclonal antibody reacted with 39 of 39 strains of m. bovis tested and did not react with 26 nonfermenting gram-negative coccobacilli other than m. bovis. when used in an indirect fluorescent-antibody test, it proved useful for rapid and easy identification of m. bovis. | 1989 | 2480364 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: influence of age on development of disease in vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves after exposure to moraxella bovis. | | 1979 | 475126 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: experimental induction of infection in calves with mycoplasmas and moraxella bovis. | eyes of 14 calves were exposed by conjunctival instillation to cultures of either mycoplasma conjunctivae (6 calves) or acholeplasma laidlawii (8 calves). calves were observed for clinical signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk), and eyes were examined for the test organisms by bacteriologic cultural technique for 60 days. acholeplasma laidlawii became established in the eyes of 5 of 8 calves; m conjunctivae became established in the eyes of 4 of 6 calves. on day 28, eyes of 9 of t ... | 1976 | 1275332 |
| the protective efficacy of pili from different strains of moraxella bovis within the same serogroup against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | three groups of ten calves were each immunised with a total of 400 micrograms pili prepared from three separate strains of moraxella bovis in alhydrogel-oil adjuvant as two divided, equal doses 21 days apart. groups 1 and 2 each received a monovalent vaccine made from strain 4l and s276r respectively, which belonged to pili serogroup a. group 3 received vaccine made from pili of strain maff1, belonging to serogroup f. a further group of ten calves served as non-vaccinated controls. calves in gro ... | 1992 | 1359693 |
| the effect of differential methylation by escherichia coli of plasmid dna and phage t7 and lambda dna on the cleavage by restriction endonuclease mboi from moraxella bovis. | the nucleotide sequence recognized and cleaved by the restriction endonuclease mboi is 5' gatc and is identical to the central tetranucleotide of the restriction sites of bamhi and bglii. experiments on the restriction of dna from escherichia coli dam and dam+ confirm the notion that gatc sequences are adenosyl-methylated by the dam function of e. coli and thereby are made refractory to cleavage by mboi. on the basis of this observation the degree of dam methylation of various dnas was examined ... | 1979 | 378259 |
| generation of monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens of moraxella bovis. | six hybridoma lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against moraxella bovis were established from fusions between the sp2/0 myeloma cells and balb/c mice splenocytes. three antibodies were of the igg1 isotype, two were igg2a, and one was igg2b. the specificity of the antibodies was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using whole cells of m. bovis and of other gram-negative bacteria, and lipopolysaccharide (lps) from m. bovis jur2 and e. coli as antigens. ascit ... | 1991 | 1804773 |
| chemical composition of lipopolysaccharide from moraxella bovis. | lipopolysaccharide from moraxella bovis was isolated and its components characterized by paper and gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. the endotoxin showed a small amount of protein and contained 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid glucose, mannose, glucosamine, heptose and phosphate. six fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, margaric, stearic, oleic and arachidic acids) were also identified. margaric acid was the most prevalent fatty acid present in the lipid fraction. | 1989 | 2773277 |
| mechanism of action of moraxella bovis hemolysin. | bovine erythrocytes (rbcs) exposed to moraxella bovis culture supernatants exhibited rapid leakage of intracellular k+ (95% in 10 min), slower cell swelling (1.20-fold increase in mean corpuscular volume in 20 min), and subsequent lysis (76% leakage of hemoglobin in 25 min). incubation media made hypertonic by the addition of 75 mm carbohydrates with molecular diameters of 0.72 to 1.32 nm prevented hemolysin-induced rbc swelling, but incubation media made hypertonic by the addition of carbohydra ... | 1991 | 1900058 |
| morphogenetic expression of moraxella bovis fimbriae (pili) in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | type 4 fimbriae (pili) are found in a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria and are composed of small structural subunits which share significant sequence homology among different species, especially at their amino-terminal ends. previous studies demonstrating morphogenetic expression of bacteroides nodosus fimbriae from cloned subunit genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa suggested that there is a common mechanism for type 4 fimbriae assembly and that the structural subunits are interchangeable (j. ... | 1990 | 1970564 |
| pili (fimbriae) of branhamella species. | pili (fimbriae) have frequently been found to be involved in the attachment of bacteria to mucosal epithelial cells, an important initial step in the disease process. the purpose of this study was to determine if branhamella catarrhalis expresses type 4 pili. | 1990 | 1971156 |
| characterization of the pilin gene of moraxella bovis dalton 2d and expression of pili from m. bovis in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the pilin gene of moraxella bovis dalton 2d was isolated by cloning in pseudomonas aeruginosa. the nucleotide sequence of this gene encodes a prepilin of 156 amino acid residues. when high levels of pilin were expressed from the gene in p. aeruginosa, by using the pl promoter of bacteriophage lambda inserted upstream of the coding sequence, pili which were indistinguishable from pili of m. bovis were produced. | 1990 | 1971258 |
| enhancement of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis by modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine. | the effects of a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine (administered ocularly or intranasally) on experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis were evaluated. the modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine was administered to 13 male holstein calves (intranasally in 4 and ocularly in 9; day 0). five calves were not vaccinated and served as controls. calves were examined daily and, starting on day 4, moraxella bovis was administered ocul ... | 1988 | 2854704 |
| cloning and characterization of the mboii restriction-modification system. | the two genes encoding the class iis restriction-modification system mboii from moraxella bovis were cloned separately in two compatible plasmids and expressed in e. coli rr1 delta m15. the nucleotide sequences of the mboii endonuclease (r.mboii) and methylase (m.mboii) genes were determined and the putative start codon of r.mboii was confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis. the mboiir gene specifies a protein of 416 amino acids (mw: 48,617) while the mboiim gene codes for a putative 260-resid ... | 1991 | 2020540 |
| interesting sequence differences between the pilin gene inversion regions of moraxella lacunata atcc 17956 and moraxella bovis epp63. | the bacterium moraxella lacunata is a causative agent of human conjunctivitis and keratitis. we have previously reported construction of plasmid pmxl1, which includes a 5.9-kb fragment on which the pilin gene inversion region of m. lacunata resides. the inversion region of pmxl1 was shown to invert when pmxl1 was in an escherichia coli host cell. in this report, we present western immunoblot analysis using moraxella bovis epp63 anti-i and anti-q pilin sera which demonstrate that pmxl1 makes pili ... | 1991 | 2061282 |
| an outbreak of granulomatous vulvitis in feedlot heifers. | an unusual form of vulvitis occurred in outbreak form affecting at least 18 of a group of 35 to 40 heifers soon after their introduction to a feedlot in the western transvaal area of the republic of south africa. initially, affected animals showed a knob-like swelling of the ventral commissure of the vulva. this grew in size up to approximately 6 cm in diameter and then appeared to burst open and give rise to a granulomatous lesion. bovine herpesvirus type-1, moraxella bovis, mycoplasma bovigeni ... | 1990 | 2269990 |
| biological reactivity of moraxella bovis lipopolysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) was isolated from moraxella bovis 118f and atcc 10900, m ovis atcc 33078, and m phenylpyruvica atcc 23333 by hot phenol-water extraction. in silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels, m bovis 118f lps had a smooth profile, whereas the other moraxella preparations appeared to be rough. the lps preparations induced pyrogenicity and dermal shwartzman reactions in rabbits, and induced production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in vi ... | 1990 | 2301819 |
| comparative characterization of the leukocidic and hemolytic activity of moraxella bovis. | the cytotoxic effect of moraxella bovis 118f on bovine neutrophils was evaluated and characterized by use of a 51cr release assay. neutrophils harvested from healthy adult cattle were labeled with 51cr. the leukocidic activity produced by m bovis 118f, a hemolytic strain of m bovis, was heat-labile. a live culture of strain 118f, at a ratio of 100 bacteria/neutrophil, released 97.7% of the 51cr from labeled neutrophils. neither a heat-killed preparation of m bovis 118f nor a live or heat-killed ... | 1990 | 2301828 |
| topically applied benzathine cloxacillin for treatment of experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | the efficacy of an ophthalmic ointment containing benzathine cloxacillin for treatment of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was determined in 2 experiments. in the first experiment, holstein calves (n = 6/group) were inoculated with moraxella bovis and treated on postinoculation days 3 and 6 with either topically applied benzathine cloxacillin (250 mg/eye) or long-acting oxytetracycline formulation (20 mg/kg of body weight, im). a third group of inoculated calves remained untreated as contr ... | 1990 | 2316913 |
| ocular and serum disposition kinetics of cloxacillin after topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin and intravenous administration of sodium cloxacillin to calves. | disposition kinetics of cloxacillin were examined in calves after topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin and single iv administration of sodium cloxacillin, and the susceptibility of 17 field isolates of moraxella bovis was measured. for the iv pharmacokinetic phase, sodium cloxacillin was administered at dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight to male holstein calves (n = 6, weighing 146 to 170 kg), and serum concentration of cloxacillin was measured thereafter for 10 hours. for the ocular ... | 1990 | 2316914 |
| effectiveness of two commercial infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis vaccines. | two commercially available infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) vaccines were evaluated for their effectiveness in protecting cattle from disease caused by experimental challenge exposure and natural transmission of moraxella bovis infections. the study was conducted as 2 experiments, using a total of 81 cattle that were culture-negative for m bovis prior to vaccination. in each experiment, young adult cattle were randomly allotted to 4 groups. each calf in groups 1 and 2 was vaccinated ... | 1990 | 2389894 |
| sequence analysis of the inversion region containing the pilin genes of moraxella bovis. | moraxella bovis epp63 is able to produce two antigenically distinct pili called q and i pili (previously called beta and alpha pili). hybridization studies have shown that the transition between the types is due to inversion of a 2.1-kilobase segment of chromosomal dna. we present the sequence of a 4.1-kilobase region of cloned dna spanning the entire inversion region in orientation 1 (q pilin expressed). comparison of this sequence with the sequence of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified ge ... | 1990 | 2403542 |
| attachment of moraxella bovis to calf corneal cells and inhibition by antiserum. | an in vitro assay was developed using calf corneal cells to assess the importance of fimbriae in the colonisation of the bovine ocular surface by moraxella bovis, and the role of fimbrial antibodies in the bovine immune response and resistance to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk). fimbriae promoted adherence of m. bovis to calf corneal cells in culture; 15 fimbriate isolates, representative of 6 fimbrial serogroups of m. bovis, adhered to the cells whereas 4 non-fimbriate isolates fai ... | 1989 | 2565715 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis epizootic associated with area-wide emergence of a new moraxella bovis pilus type. | pilus-mediated adherence is a virulence attribute of moraxella bovis. several pilus types have been shown to exist among strains of this bacterium, but correlation between pilus type and specific field cases of the disease has not been done. during the summer of 1987, an epizootic of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was reported in 7 iowa counties. eight isolates of m bovis were secured from 12 episodes studied. all 8 of the isolates were nearly homogeneous in biochemical properties and ha ... | 1989 | 2572190 |
| quantification of moraxella bovis haemagglutinating adhesins with monoclonal antibodies. | six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against moraxella bovis gf 9 were used to quantify haemagglutinating adhesins of 16 strains of this organism. the amount of each mab necessary to inhibit one haemagglutinating unit of each strain varied between 4 and 0.007 times that required by strain gf 9. five strains reacted with six mabs, one with five, two with four, one with three, two with two and three with none. the procedures used enabled to detect dominant strains candidates for vaccines. | 1991 | 1370049 |
| prevalence of nonclinical moraxella bovis infections in bulls as determined by ocular culture and serum antibody titer. | | 1992 | 1554773 |
| gene sequences and comparison of the fimbrial subunits representative of bacteroides nodosus serotypes a to i: class i and class ii strains. | we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the fimbrial subunits representative of the known bacteroides nodosus serogroups. all of the genes are preceded by a highly conserved region which includes the likely promoter and transcriptional regulator sites as well as the ribosome-biding site, and are followed within a short but variable distance by a sequence with the characteristics of a transcription termination or attenuation signal. based on sequence and organization, th ... | 1991 | 1675419 |
| shared antigenicity and immunogenicity of type 4 pilins expressed by pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella bovis, neisseria gonorrhoaea, dichelobacter nodosus, and vibrio cholerae. | immunoblotting with polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against pilins expressed by pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella bovis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, dichelobacter nodosus, and vibrio cholerae was used to demonstrate that these polypeptides display conserved antigenic and, in most cases, immunogenic determinants. these determinants appear to be localized to the highly homologous amino-terminal domains (residues 1 to 25). | 1991 | 1682267 |
| a unified serotyping scheme for moraxella bovis. | fifty-three australian, seven british, two american and two new zealand isolates of moraxella bovis were classified into seven serogroups on the basis of their variable fimbrial (pilus) antigens using whole cell slide agglutination (sa), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and tandem-crossed immunoelectrophoresis (tcie). although results of serogroup classification by sa and elisa were identical in 68.7% of isolates, it was found necessary to resolve the discrepancies between the two syst ... | 1991 | 1683047 |
| the type 4 pilin of moraxella nonliquefaciens exhibits unique similarities with the pilins of neisseria gonorrhoeae and dichelobacter (bacteroides) nodosus. | moraxella nonliquefaciens is a bacterium which is part of the normal flora of the human upper respiratory tract and is an occasional cause of disease. using a previously cloned type 4 pilin gene (tfpq) from moraxella bovis as a hybridization probe, we have cloned an 826 bp sau3 ai fragment which contains an m. nonliquefaciens type 4 pilin gene (tfpa) from strain nctc 7784. the pilin gene is expressed in escherichia coli. we have examined nctc 7784 and nine other m. nonliquefaciens strains by gen ... | 1991 | 1770363 |
| effectiveness of two benzathine cloxacillin formulations for treatment of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | a field study was performed to determine the effectiveness of benzathine cloxacillin for the treatment of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in cattle from 2 farms located in northern california. the study was performed between june and september of 1987. affected calves ranging from 2 to 9 months of age were selected from the main herd when signs of corneal ulceration were observed. the study was conducted in 2 phases. for phase i, the affected calves of herd 1 (n = 21; holsteins) and herd ... | 1989 | 2774340 |
| characterization of the plasmids of moraxella bovis. | restriction endonuclease digestions were performed on plasmids purified from moraxella bovis isolates grs, newport, and ibh64. it was determined from single and double digestions of plasmid dna that grs and newport isolates carried 3 large plasmids having molecular sizes of 43.8, 41.3, and 32.8 kilobases (kb). digestion of the 3 large plasmids and restriction endonucleases hae iii, hindiii, nde i, and ava i strongly indicated that these isolates shared structurally identical large plasmids. time ... | 1989 | 2802298 |
| [nasal and pulmonary flora in the goat]. | on the basis of bacteriological examinations carried out on 75 intranasal swabs and 80 goat lung punctures, aerobic, aero-anaerobic respiratory microbes and mycoplasma were studied. mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was isolated both from nasal flora (37%) and from the lungs (27.5%) as well as pasteurella spp which accounted respectively for 24% and 12.5%. the nasal flora are characterised by the presence of a gram-negative strain included in the genus moraxella and connected with moraxella bovis species ... | 1989 | 2817731 |
| light and electron microscopic changes in corneas of healthy and immunomodulated calves infected with moraxella bovis. | thirty-nine holstein calves (50 to 100 kg and 2 to 3 months old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups. calves in group i (n = 12) were inoculated with moraxella bovis and were euthanatized 24 hours (6 calves) or 8 days after inoculation (6 calves). group-ii calves (n = 12) were treated with hydroxyurea for 6 days, and then 6 of these calves were inoculated with m bovis. the daily hydroxyurea treatments continued for 14 days, and then all calves in group ii were euthanatized. group-iii calves (n = ... | 1988 | 2833863 |
| cloning and sequencing of a moraxella bovis pilin gene. | moraxella bovis pili have been shown to play a major role in both infectivity and protective immunity of bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis. sonicated m. bovis dna from the piliated strain epp63 was inserted into the vector lambda gt11 with ecori linkers. recombinant phage were screened with an oligonucleotide probe based on the amino-terminal portion of the dna sequence of a neisseria gonorrhoeae pilin gene. two candidate phages produced a protein that comigrated with epp63 beta pilin in so ... | 1985 | 2861194 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: subconjunctival administration of a moraxella bovis pilus preparation enhances immunogenicity. | to compare the immune response elicited by 3 routes of vaccination, 36 calves were randomly allotted to 4 groups of 9 calves each. group i was vaccinated subconjunctivally only. group ii was vaccinated concomitantly, both subconjunctivally and in the dewlap. group iii was vaccinated in the dewlap only. group iv was not vaccinated and served as a virulence control for the moraxella bovis culture. calves in groups i, ii, and iii were given 2 inoculations with 14 days between inoculations. twenty-o ... | 1985 | 2861768 |
| serologic and protective characterization of moraxella bovis pili. | this study was conducted to determine the protective nature of purified m. bovis epp 63 pili in controlling experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, and to determine antigenic similarity of pili isolated from various m. bovis isolates. ten calves were vaccinated twice, 28 days apart, with 5.0 mg (protein) epp 63 purified pili. ten calves were maintained as non-vaccinated controls. all calves were exposed to ultraviolet light prior to challenge. the calves were challenged by ... | 1985 | 2865080 |
| adherence of moraxella bovis to cell cultures of bovine origin. | the adherence of five strains of moraxella bovis to cell cultures was investigated. m bovis adhered to cultures of bovine corneal epithelial and madin-darby bovine kidney cells but not to cell types of non-bovine origin. both piliated and unpiliated strains adhered but piliated strains adhered to a greater extent than unpiliated strains. antiserum against pili of one strain inhibited adherence of piliated strains but caused only slight inhibition of adherence to the unpiliated strains. treatment ... | 1985 | 2866569 |
| pathogenicity and immunogenicity of piliated and nonpiliated phases of moraxella bovis in calves. | pathogenicity evaluations of moraxella bovis strain epp 63 grown in the piliated and nonpiliated phase indicated that the organism grown in the piliated phase induced clinical keratoconjunctivitis, whereas the organism grown in the nonpiliated phase did not induce disease under identical challenge conditions. calves inoculated with culture grown in the piliated phase developed significantly (p less than 0.01) higher lesion scores than did calves inoculated with culture grown in the nonpiliated p ... | 1986 | 2877604 |
| morphogenetic expression of bacteroides nodosus fimbriae in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | type 4 fimbriae are found in a range of pathogenic bacteria, including bacteroides nodosus, moraxella bovis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the structural subunits of these fimbriae all contain a highly conserved hydrophobic amino-terminal sequence preceding a variable hydrophilic carboxy-terminal region. we show here that recombinant p. aeruginosa cells containing the b. nodosus fimbrial subunit gene under the control of a strong promoter (pl, from bacteriophage lambda) prod ... | 1987 | 2878919 |
| pathogenesis of corneal lesions caused by moraxella bovis in gnotobiotic calves. | moraxella bovis was instilled into the conjunctival sac of gnotobiotic calves and corneas were sampled serially after infection. lesions developed in seven of eight infected calves, but were absent in a noninfected control calf. histologically, m. bovis was first seen in foci of swollen epithelium and within basal epithelial cells adjacent to ulcers. corneal ulcers were severe in later stages of infection; fibrin deposits, neutrophils, and bacteria were present in the stromas. examination of ear ... | 1987 | 3617395 |
| microbial flora of the eyes of cattle. | the bacteria and mycoplasma occurring in the eyes of normal healthy calves were monitored in three groups of animals from purchase at about one week old to slaughter at about 15 months old. non-haemolytic moraxella bovis, branhamella catarrhalis and mycoplasma bovoculi were all isolated regularly, though their seasonal occurrence varied. the significance of these findings with respect to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is discussed. | 1986 | 3716161 |
| characterisation and quantitation of pilus antigens of moraxella bovis by elisa. | hyperimmune serums raised in rabbits to purified pili from 9 australian and 2 american strains of moraxella bovis from infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) affected herds were used to study the degree of binding between combinations of antigen and antiserum in a conventional enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). with the aid of appropriate absorption tests major antigenic differences among pili were found permitting 6 distinct serogroups to be recognised. further, production of spec ... | 1986 | 2879528 |
| mycoplasma bovoculi infection increases ocular colonization by moraxella ovis in calves. | to determine whether infection with mycoplasma bovoculi increases ocular colonization of cattle eyes with moraxella bovis and other bacteria, colonization of ocular gram-negative bacteria were measured in eyes of cattle infected with mycoplasma bovoculi. strains of moraxella ovis were chosen because these are among the most commonly isolated species of gram-negative bacteria from cattle eyes. five strains of m ovis were characterized biochemically and by pilus structure, permitting the recogniti ... | 1986 | 3729120 |
| characterization of the submerged growth of moraxella bovis. | a submerged batch cultivation of moraxella bovis in a medium containing enzymic casein hydrolyzate and supplemented with dialyzed ram blood was described. up to the growth limitation the bacteria grew exponentially without a lag phase and with a doubling period of 64 min. during the exponential phase no significant decrease of viable cells and cell autolysis were observed. amino acids were the limiting factor. at the end of growth glutamic acid, threonine and serine were detected at the lowest c ... | 1987 | 2891593 |
| antigenic analysis of fimbrial proteins from moraxella bovis. | fimbrial proteins were extracted from 15 isolates of moraxella bovis, and antisera to each of the preparations were raised in rabbits. the antigenic relationships of the fimbriae were investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and a slide agglutination test. with all three methods there was a similar pattern of antigenic cross-reactivity among the fimbriae. the 15 isolates, together with 23 additional isolates, could be grouped into seven fimbrial ... | 1987 | 2891723 |
| use of subcutaneously implanted chambers in calves for in vivo study of isolates of moraxella bovis. | selected cultures of moraxella bovis were studied in calves, using chambers fabricated from a semipermeable membrane supported and protected by perforated plastic golf balls. plain balls, semipermeable membrane-covered balls, and balls that contained bags fabricated from semipermeable membranes were surgically implanted subcutaneously in calves at a site approximately 25 cm ventral to the paralumbar fossa and cranial to the prefemoral lymph node. after calves recovered from surgery, chambers wer ... | 1986 | 3777650 |
| pilin-gene phase variation of moraxella bovis is caused by an inversion of the pilin genes. | moraxella bovis epp63 can express either of two different pilin proteins, called alpha and beta. we have previously cloned and sequenced the beta-pilin gene and now report that dnas isolated from bacteria expressing alpha pilin have hybridization patterns consistently different from those of bacteria expressing beta pilin. the phase variation between alpha- and beta-pilin gene expression appears to be associated with an inversion of about 2 kilobases of dna, whose endpoints occur within the codi ... | 1988 | 2898471 |
| purification, characterization, and pathogenicity of moraxella bovis pili. | pilins composed of the alpha or beta pilins of moraxella bovis strain epp63 were purified, subjected to chemical or enzymatic cleavage, and the resulting fragments sequenced by automated edman degradation. alpha pilin was found to be a 155-amino-acid polypeptide with a single intramolecular disulfide bridge. the beta pilin amino acid sequence substantiated the previously reported structure derived from the beta pilin gene dna sequence, and indicated that the alpha and beta pilins of this strain ... | 1988 | 2902184 |
| infectivity and virulence of australian strains of moraxella bovis for the murine and bovine eye in relation to pilus serogroup sub-unit size and degree of piliation. | the degree of piliation of 29 haemolytic and 4 non-haemolytic australian strains of moraxella bovis representing 7 different pilus antigen groups was determined. the infectivity and virulence for the eye was measured in steroid-treated mice and in cattle. non-piliated strains failed to infect the murine eye. most moderately or heavily piliated strains reproducibly produced the highest infectivity and virulence scores in mice when compared with lightly or very lightly piliated strains (p less tha ... | 1988 | 2904256 |
| the use of immuno-peroxidase techniques for the identification of moraxella bovis in tissue sections. | | 1985 | 3888344 |
| changes in titres of moraxella bovis-specific igg in growing cattle. | | 1986 | 3947934 |
| further data to the aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | out of a total of 224 bovine eye secretions, 126 moraxella bovis and 64 neisseria ovis strains were isolated. the pathogenesis and histological lesions caused by neisseria ovis have been studied on the eyes of three calves naturally affected with ibk, using electron microscopy. neisseria ovis caused in 1-12 weeks old calves acute, transient and mostly benign serous conjunctivitis with only slight affection of the cornea. more rarely erosions and even ulceration of the cornea have been observed. ... | 1989 | 2612133 |
| the concentration of penicillin in bovine conjunctival sac fluid as it pertains to the treatment of moraxella bovis infection. (i) subconjunctival injection. | single dose, subconjunctival injections of procaine penicillin using either skin or conjunctival routes of administration were evaluated in order to compare the duration of antibacterial concentrations at the site of moraxella bovis infection. samples of conjunctival sac fluid (cf) were collected using blunted capillary tubes and were periodically assayed for penicillin by an agar-well-diffusion technique. linear regression lines were constructed for concentration of penicillin-time profiles. si ... | 1989 | 2704057 |
| plasmid profiles of moraxella bovis isolates. | two-hundred isolates of moraxella bovis were selected at random and examined for the presence of plasmid dna by a rapid alkaline-detergent lysis method. all isolates contained from 1 to 6 plasmids, with varying agarose-gel electrophoretic migration patterns. most (80%) isolates carried 2 to 4 plasmids, which ranged in molecular weight from 2.6 to 80 megadaltons. seemingly, plasmid profiles can be used as a simple, reliable epizootiologic tool to establish a strain identification scheme for m bov ... | 1986 | 3963603 |
| vaccination against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: protective efficacy and antibody response induced by pili of homologous and heterologous strains of moraxella bovis. | the protective effect of 2 moraxella bovis pili vaccines against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) experimentally induced by homologous or heterologous strain challenge with virulent, haemolytic m. bovis strain, dal 2d, was measured in trials using weaned calves aged 3 to 7 months. purified pili vaccines were prepared from haemolytic strain dal 2d, (pilus serogroup iv), and haemolytic strain epp 63, (pilus serogroup iii). calves were challenged by conjunctival instillation of 1 x 10(9 ... | 1988 | 2904257 |
| the concentration of penicillin in bovine conjunctival sac fluid as it pertains to the treatment of moraxella bovis infection. (ii) topical application. | sodium benzyl penicillin, procaine penicillin and benethamine penicillin were applied into the bovine conjunctival sac as an aqueous solution or in ointment form in order to study the concentration-time profiles. the series of treatments was repeated in five animals in a random sequence. penicillin concentration in conjunctival sac fluid (cf) was determined using the agar-well-diffusion assay technique. the data obtained were transformed to linear regression slopes. similarity of the slopes with ... | 1989 | 2704058 |
| cytopathic effects of moraxella bovis on cultured bovine neutrophils and corneal epithelial cells. | the effects of moraxella bovis on the morphologic features of purified bovine neutrophils and bovine corneal epithelial cells were examined, using transmission and scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. within 2 minutes after incubation of bovine neutrophils with living m bovis, electron microscopic cellular changes included vacuolation, swelling, and loss of microplicae. most of the neutrophils were lysed by 10 minutes of incubation. human neutrophils phagocytosed the m bovis and re ... | 1989 | 2919815 |
| ocular inserts for application of drugs to bovine eyes--in vitro studies on gentamicin release from collagen inserts. | soluble collagen and insoluble collagen films were impregnated with gentamicin and investigated in vitro as vehicles for the delivery drugs. succinylated collagen released significantly higher levels of antibiotic than the insoluble films, and maintained mean inhibitory concentrations (mic) for moraxella bovis for 24 h. | 1985 | 4015558 |