| immunoblot studies to analyze antibody to the rickettsia typhi group antigen in sera from patients with acute febrile cerebrovasculitis. | in 1986, an unusual syndrome of acute febrile cerebrovasculitis in the piedmont region of virginia was reported. all patients had encephalopathy and prior exposure to both a sylvan environment and flea-infested animals. the initial serological studies suggested a rickettsial origin, corroborating clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological findings. sera from four of five patients were subsequently studied by immunoblotting. unabsorbed and absorbed sera were tested with electrophoresed and ... | 1991 | 1723073 |
| western blot analysis of immune response to legionella bozemanii antigens. | the immune response to individual major antigens of legionella bozemanii was studied in 67 sera from 26 inpatients with febrile disease using immunoblotting techniques. all the patients had fever of unknown origin and showed strong serological reactions to l bozemanii that cross-reacted with rickettsia typhi, as determined by a standard indirect microimmunofluorescence assay. sera analysed by western blotting reacted with 12-14 molecular components of l bozemanii with apparent molecular weights ... | 1991 | 1752985 |
| chemotaxonomic differentiation of legionellae by detection and characterization of aminodideoxyhexoses and other unique sugars using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | legionellae have been differentiated previously by analyzing their carbohydrate contents by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. in the present study, total ion mode gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) was used to detect a number of unusual sugars, including one that is structurally related to o-methyldideoxyheptoses. increased sensitivity and selectivity for carbohydrate detection was achieved by selected ion-monitoring gc-ms. two of the uncommon sugars previously discov ... | 1990 | 2324276 |
| increased recovery of legionella micdadei and legionella bozemanii on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar supplemented with albumin. | the recovery of legionella micdadei and l. bozemanii serogroups 1 and 2 from infected guinea pig spleens was evaluated by using two culture media: buffered charcoal yeast extract agar with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate (bcye alpha) and the same medium supplemented with 1% bovine serum albumin (abcye alpha). at the lowest dilution of spleen tissue (10(-1)), recovery of all strains of l. micdadei and l. bozemanii was more efficient on abcye alpha than on bcye alpha. l. micdadei strains had higher recov ... | 1990 | 2324282 |
| common epitope on the lipopolysaccharide of legionella pneumophila recognized by a monoclonal antibody. | serogroup-specificity of legionella pneumophila is related to lipopolysaccharide (lps), and few cross-reactions between serogroups have been observed with rabbit or monkey antisera. c57bl/6 mice were sequentially immunized with crude outer membrane fractions of l. pneumophila serogroups 1, 5, and 7, legionella bozemanii, and legionella micdadei. spleen cells from these mice were then fused with the sp2-0/ag14 mouse myeloma cell line. outer membrane-rich fractions and lps were prepared from l. pn ... | 1988 | 2454935 |
| production of antibody to and cellular localization of erythrocyte-sensitizing substance from rickettsia rickettsii. | antibodies to rickettsia rickettsii erythrocyte-sensitizing substance (ess) were raised in rabbits by using a derivatized ess. the resulting antibodies reacted with r. rickettsii and cross-reacted with rickettsia conorii, a member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae, but did not react with rickettsia typhi, a member of the typhus group rickettsiae, legionella bozemanii, or proteus vulgaris ox19 or ox2. immunoblot analysis indicated that ess was present in more than one fraction and that the m ... | 1989 | 2497137 |
| opportunist pulmonary infection with legionella bozemanii. | three cases of pulmonary legionella bozemanii infection in immunocompromised patients are described. the diagnosis was made by culture in each case and would not otherwise have been made, and it is recommended that a culture specific for legionella species should be included in the investigation of patients with suspected opportunist pulmonary infections. | 1989 | 2763246 |
| aortic valve endocarditis associated with legionella infection after mycoplasma pneumonia. | a 38 year old woman with diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma was admitted to hospital with pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae; she recovered promptly on erythromycin treatment. six weeks later she presented with aortic valve endocarditis without concurrent lung disease. a concurrent increase in titres of antibody to legionella bozemanii, l longbeachae, and l jordanis indicated a legionella infection. legionella infection should be considered, even in the absence of pneumonia, in cases ... | 1987 | 3117081 |
| substrate utilization by legionella cells after cryopreservation in phosphate buffer. | the objective of this study was to evaluate by relatively simple metabolic tests the usefulness of buffers and energy sources commonly used in legionella growth media. legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella micdadei, and legionella bozemanii were grown in an enriched charcoal-yeast extract diphasic medium. the cells were washed thrice, suspended in various buffers (ph 6.9) with 1 or 5 mm mgso4, and used immediately or after controlled-rate cryopreservation. co2 produced and c incor ... | 1984 | 6148914 |
| determination of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase within the genus legionella. | we examined 40 strains of legionella for reduced-oxygen scavenging enzymes. using a simple reaction chamber with a swinney filter for the beers and sizer assay, we determined the catalase activity of live cells grown on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar. for 29 strains of legionella pneumophila, the apparent first-order rate constants for catalase ranged from 0.000 to 0.005. similarly, low values ranging from 0.001 to 0.005 were observed for legionella wadsworthii, legionella oakridgensis, an ... | 1984 | 6490828 |
| clinical laboratory differentiation of legionellaceae family members with pigment production and fluorescence on media supplemented with aromatic substrates. | a systematic study of pigment production (browning) and fluorescence (extracellular yellow-green and intracellular blue-white) by nine legionellaceae species was performed. a total of 56 strains representing tatlockia micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent), legionella pneumophila, legionella jordanis, legionella longbeachae, legionella oakridgensis, legionella wadsworthii, fluoribacter bozemanae, fluoribacter gormanii, and fluoribacter dumoffii could be separated on media supplemented with tyrosi ... | 1984 | 6547453 |
| legionella bozemanii serogroup 2: a new etiological agent. | a newly discovered bacterium, toronto 3, isolated from a lung aspirate of a patient with pneumonia, has been characterized. the isolate was identified as legionella bozemanii by chemical data from cellular fatty acid and ubiquinone analyses and by dna relatedness studies. the isolate, however, differs phenotypically from l. bozemanii by its colonial characteristics and strong interspecies serological cross-reactions, which are unique among clinical isolates of legionellae. the name l. bozemanni ... | 1984 | 6690465 |
| legionella sainthelensi: a new species of legionella isolated from water near mt. st. helens. | six strains of a new species, legionella sainthelensi, were isolated from freshwater in areas affected by the volcanic eruptions of mt. st. helens in the state of washington. strains of l. sainthelensi are culturally and biochemically similar to other legionellae. they grow on buffered charcoal yeast agar but not on media that lack cysteine. they are gram-negative, nonsporeforming, motile rods that are positive in reactions for catalase, oxidase, gelatin liquefaction, and beta-lactamase. they ar ... | 1984 | 6712210 |
| electrophoretic characterization of soluble protein extracts of legionella pneumophila and other members of the family legionellaceae. | the soluble peptides of strains of legionella pneumophila, tatlockia micdadei, fluoribacter bozemanae, fluoribacter dumoffii, and fluoribacter gormanii were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. characteristic patterns were seen for legionella and tatlockia strains, whereas the patterns for the fluoribacter strains were variable as would be expected for this genetically heterogeneous group. grouping by peptide pattern was consistent with proposed taxons based on dna-dna homology. by usi ... | 1983 | 6874904 |
| legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent): direct fluoresent-antibody examination of infected human lung tissue and characterization of clinical isolates. | legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) was identified by direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa) examination of lung tissue in six of seven persons diagnosed previously as having l. micdadei pneumonia only by histopathology and in four persons who also had positive cultures of the organism. no cross-reactions occurred with monospecific dfa conjugates prepared against legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, and legionella gormanii. one person had l ... | 1981 | 7014621 |
| detection of cell-associated or soluble antigens of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, legionella gormanii, and legionella micdadei by staphylococcal coagglutination tests. | current methods used for the detection of whole-cell isolates of legionella or for the detection of legionella soluble antigens are technically impractical for many clinical laboratories. the purpose of this study was to explore practical alternatives. the results showed that whole cell isolates of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, legionella gormanii, and legionella micdadei were identified specifically by a simple slide agglutination test or s ... | 1981 | 7287888 |
| susceptibility of pittsburgh pneumonia agent (legionella micdadei) and other newly recognized members of the genus legionella to nineteen antimicrobial agents. | the susceptibilities of 11 strains representing the five recognized species of legionella were determined by agar dilution testing on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar. all of the legionellae tested were susceptible to rifampin, erythromycin, rosaramycin, chloramphenicol, and the aminoglycosides and were resistant to clindamycin and vancomycin. susceptibilities to penicillins and cephalosporins were variable. legionella micdadei, legionella bozemanii, and legionella gormanii were susceptible ... | 1981 | 7325645 |
| dna fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate a nosocomial pneumonia caused by legionella bozemanii serogroup 1. | we typed 18 isolates of legionella bozemanii obtained from clinical and environmental sources by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. each of the unrelated strains showed individual restriction patterns of the genomic dna when either the sfii or noti restriction enzyme was used. one strain isolated from a patient with nosocomial legionellosis and two strains from the corresponding hospital water supply were indistinguishable, arguing for a transmission of l. bozemanii from the water supply to the p ... | 1995 | 7618888 |
| cloning and genetic characterization of the flagellum subunit gene (flaa) of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. | the gene flaa, encoding the flagellum subunit protein of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, has been isolated from an expression library of l. pneumophila isolate corby in escherichia coli k-12 by using an antiflagellin specific polyclonal antiserum. dna sequence analysis of the flaa gene revealed the presence of a 1,428-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 475 amino acids with an apparent molecular mass of 48 kda that is expressed independently of an e. coli vector promoter. peptide seq ... | 1995 | 7790062 |
| serum cytokines in patients with legionella pneumonia: relative predominance of th1-type cytokines. | serum samples from 14 patients with legionella pneumonia were examined for the presence of cytokines. in spite of high levels of serum c-reactive protein in all patients during the acute phase in only four cases (one involving interleukin-1beta [il-1beta], three involving il-6, and none involving tumor necrosis factor alpha) was the concentration of cytokines more than 100 pg/ml. th2 cytokines il-4 and il-10 were detected in only one patient each. in contrast, significant increases of serum gamm ... | 1998 | 9605998 |
| specific detection of legionella pneumophila: construction of a new 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probe. | based on comparative sequence analysis, we have designed an oligonucleotide probe complementary to a region of 16s rrna of legionella pneumophila which allows the differentiation of l. pneumophila from other legionella species without cultivation. the specificity of the new probe, legpne1, was tested by in situ hybridization to a total of four serogroups of six strains of l. pneumophila, five different legionella spp. and three nonlegionella species as reference strains. furthermore, l. pneumoph ... | 1998 | 9647849 |
| comparison of the binax legionella urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay (eia) with the biotest legionella urin antigen eia for detection of legionella antigen in both concentrated and nonconcentrated urine samples. | we evaluated a newly commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (biotest legionella urin antigen eia; biotest ag, dreieich, germany) for detection of antigens of all legionella pneumophila serogroups with a relatively wide spectrum of cross-reactivity as well as antigens of other legionella spp. by comparing its sensitivity and specificity with those of an eia for detection of l. pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen (legionella urinary antigen eia; binax, portland, maine). both tests were performed with bot ... | 1998 | 9705420 |
| low endotoxic potential of legionella pneumophila lipopolysaccharide due to failure of interaction with the monocyte lipopolysaccharide receptor cd14. | legionella pneumophila, a gram-negative bacterium causing legionnaires' disease and pontiac fever, was shown to be highly reactive in in vitro gelation of limulus lysate but not able to induce fever and the local shwartzman reaction in rabbits and mice. we analyzed the capacity of purified l. pneumophila lipopolysaccharide (lps-lp) to induce activation of the human monocytic cell line mono mac 6, as revealed by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and desensitization to subsequent lps stimulat ... | 1998 | 9712761 |
| australian isolates of legionella longbeachae are not a clonal population. | legionella longbeachae is almost as frequent a cause of legionellosis in australia as legionella pneumophila, but epidemiological investigation of possible environmental sources and clinical cases has been limited by the lack of a discriminatory subtyping method. the purpose of this study was to examine the genetic variability among australian isolates of l. longbeachae serogroup 1. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of sfii fragments revealed three distinct pulsotypes among 57 clinical and ... | 1999 | 10488187 |
| serological differentiation of murine typhus and epidemic typhus using cross-adsorption and western blotting. | differentiation of murine typhus due to rickettsia typhi and epidemic typhus due to rickettsia prowazekii is critical epidemiologically but difficult serologically. using serological, epidemiological, and clinical criteria, we selected sera from 264 patients with epidemic typhus and from 44 patients with murine typhus among the 29,188 tested sera in our bank. these sera cross-reacted extensively in indirect fluorescent antibody assays (ifas) against r. typhi and r. prowazekii, as 42% of the sera ... | 2000 | 10882661 |
| sequencing of the rpob gene in legionella pneumophila and characterization of mutations associated with rifampin resistance in the legionellaceae. | rifampin in combination with erythromycin is a recommended treatment for severe cases of legionellosis. mutations in the rpob gene are known to cause rifampin resistance in escherichia coli and mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible similar resistance mechanism within the members of the family legionellaceae. since the rna polymerase genes of this genus have never been characterized, the dna sequence of the legionella pneumophila rpob gene ... | 2000 | 10991843 |
| rapid identification of clinically relevant legionella spp. by analysis of transfer dna intergenic spacer length polymorphism. | analysis of pcr-amplified transfer dna (tdna) intergenic spacers was evaluated as a rapid method for identification to the species level of 18 species of legionella known as human pathogens. type strains (n = 19), reference strains (n = 16), environmental strains (n = 31), and clinical strains (n = 32) were tested. pcr products using outwardly directed tdna consensus primers were separated on polyacrylamide gels and analyzed with automated laser fluorescence. test results were obtained in 8 h st ... | 2001 | 11136765 |
| heterogeneous transcription of an indoleacetic acid biosynthetic gene in erwinia herbicola on plant surfaces. | we investigated the spatial pattern of expression of ipdc, a plant inducible gene involved in indoleacetic acid biosynthesis in erwinia herbicola, among individual cells on plants to gain a better understanding of the role of this phenotype in the epiphytic ecology of bacteria and the factors involved in the regulation of ipdc. nonpathogenic e. herbicola strain 299r harboring a transcriptional fusion of ipdc to gfp was inoculated onto bean plants, recovered from individual leaves 48 h after inoc ... | 2001 | 11248099 |
| detection of legionellae in hospital water samples by quantitative real-time lightcycler pcr. | contamination of hospital water systems with legionellae is a well-known cause of nosocomial legionellosis. we describe a new real-time lightcycler pcr assay for quantitative determination of legionellae in potable water samples. primers that amplify both a 386-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene from legionella spp. and a specifically cloned fragment of the phage lambda, added to each sample as an internal inhibitor control, were used. the amplified products were detected by use of a dual-color hy ... | 2001 | 11525995 |
| in vitro activity of abt-773 against legionella pneumophila, its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs, and its use to treat guinea pigs with l. pneumophila pneumonia. | the activity of abt-773 was studied against extracellular and intracellular legionella pneumophila and for the treatment of guinea pigs with l. pneumophila pneumonia. the abt-773 mic at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (mic(50)) for 20 different legionella sp. strains was 0.016 microg/ml, whereas the mic(50)s of clarithromycin and erythromycin were 0.032 and 0.125 microg/ml, respectively. abt-773 (1 microg/ml) was bactericidal for two l. pneumophila strains grown in guinea pig alveolar macrop ... | 2001 | 11557455 |
| recurrent soft tissue abscesses caused by legionella cincinnatiensis. | recurrent soft tissue abscesses of the jaw, wrist, and arm developed in a 73-year-old housewife with nephrotic syndrome and immunoglobulin a(kappa) gammopathy of unknown etiology. conventional cultures remained negative, despite visible gram-negative rods on microscopy. broad-spectrum pcr revealed legionella cincinnatiensis, which was confirmed by isolation of the organism on special legionella medium. infections due to legionella species outside the lungs are rare. l. cincinnatiensis has been i ... | 2001 | 11724886 |
| novel pcr-probe assay for detection of and discrimination between legionella pneumophila and other legionella species in clinical samples. | | 2002 | 11880461 |
| isolation of elemental sulfur as a self-growth-inhibiting substance produced by legionella pneumophila. | the addition of hp-20 resin to a medium could enhance the growth of legionella species. elemental sulfur was isolated as a self-growth-inhibiting substance produced endogenously by legionella pneumophila from methanol extracts of the resins used to culture the bacterium. elemental sulfur shows strong growth-inhibiting activity toward all legionella species tested. | 2002 | 12324324 |
| direct detection and differentiation of legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila in clinical specimens by dual-color real-time pcr and melting curve analysis. | a dual-color lightcycler pcr assay targeting the 16s rdna gene of legionella spp. was established. by using two pairs of hybridization probes, legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila could be detected and differentiated simultaneously. with 26 culture-positive and 42 culture-negative respiratory specimens from patients with atypical pneumonia, 100% sensitivity and specificity was observed for l. pneumophila. | 2002 | 12354888 |
| characterization of a tandem repeat polymorphism in legionella pneumophila and its use for genotyping. | we have analyzed the variability of minisatellite sequences (also called variable-number tandem repeats [vntrs]) in the genome of legionella pneumophila. based upon the genome sequence of the philadelphia-1 strain (serogroup 1), 25 minisatellites were selected and their polymorphisms were analyzed by pcr with the dna of serogroup 1 to 14 reference strains. for 22 markers, a pcr product of the expected size was found with the dna of the philadelphia-1 strain. most of these markers did not amplify ... | 2003 | 12734211 |
| characterization of the alternative sigma factor sigma54 and the transcriptional regulator fleq of legionella pneumophila, which are both involved in the regulation cascade of flagellar gene expression. | we cloned and analyzed legionella pneumophila corby homologs of rpon (encoding sigma(54)) and fleq (encoding sigma(54) activator protein). two other genes (fler and pilr) whose products have a sigma(54) interaction domain were identified in the genome sequence of l. pneumophila. an rpon mutant strain was nonflagellated and expressed very small amounts of the flaa (flagellin) protein. like the rpon mutant, the fleq mutant strain of l. pneumophila was also nonflagellated and expressed only small a ... | 2004 | 15090493 |
| in vitro and intracellular activities of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713) against legionella pneumophila. | lbm415 activity against extracellular and intracellular legionella pneumophila was studied. the lbm415 mic50 for 20 legionella sp. strains was 4 microg/ml, versus 0.06, 0.25, and <or=0.03 microg/ml for azithromycin, erythromycin, and levofloxacin, respectively. lbm415 (0.5 and 16 microg/ml) reversibly prevented intracellular growth of two l. pneumophila strains and was less active than erythromycin. | 2005 | 15917565 |
| development and evaluation of chlamylege, a new commercial test allowing simultaneous detection and identification of legionella, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical respiratory specimens by multiplex pcr. | this study describes the development and evaluation of a new commercial test, chlamylege (argene inc.), which allows the simultaneous detection in respiratory samples of chlamydophila pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and most legionella species, as well as pcr inhibitors, by using a multiplex pcr and microplate hybridization. the sensitivities of chlamylege were 1 x 10(-3) ifu, 5 x 10(-2) color-changing units, and 1 cfu per reaction tube for c. pneumoniae, m. pneumoniae, and legionella pneumop ... | 2005 | 16000443 |
| characterization of legionella pneumophila pmia, a gene essential for infectivity of protozoa and macrophages. | the ability of legionella pneumophila to cause pneumonia is dependent on intracellular replication within alveolar macrophages. the icm/dot secretion apparatus is essential for the ability of l. pneumophila to evade endocytic fusion, to remodel the phagosome by the endoplasmic reticulum (er), and to replicate intracellularly. protozoan and macrophage infectivity (pmi) mutants of l. pneumophila, which include 11 dot/icm mutants, exhibit defects in intracellular growth and replication within both ... | 2005 | 16177298 |
| legionella confirmation using real-time pcr and syto9 is an alternative to current methodology. | the currently accepted culture techniques for the detection of legionella spp. in water samples (as/nzs 3896:1998 and iso 11731 standard methods) are slow and laborious, requiring from 7 to 14 days for a result. we describe a fully validated rapid confirmation technique that uses real-time pcr incorporating the intercalating dye syto9 for the direct identification of primary cultures, significantly decreasing turnaround time and allowing faster remedial action to be taken by the industry. | 2005 | 16332896 |
| use of partial 16s rrna gene sequencing for identification of legionella pneumophila and non-pneumophila legionella spp. | we examined 49 legionella species, 26 l. pneumophila and 23 non-pneumophila legionella spp., using partial 16s rrna gene sequencing. this approach accurately identified all the l. pneumophila isolates, characterized all non-pneumophila legionella isolates as such within this genus, and classified most (20/23; 87%) of the non-pneumophila legionella isolates to the species level. | 2007 | 17108074 |
| use of partial 16s rrna gene sequencing for identification of legionella pneumophila and non-pneumophila legionella spp. | we examined 49 legionella species, 26 l. pneumophila and 23 non-pneumophila legionella spp., using partial 16s rrna gene sequencing. this approach accurately identified all the l. pneumophila isolates, characterized all non-pneumophila legionella isolates as such within this genus, and classified most (20/23; 87%) of the non-pneumophila legionella isolates to the species level. | 2007 | 17108074 |
| high prevalence of antibodies to legionella spp. in danish blood donors. a study in areas with high and average incidence of legionnaires' disease. | the incidence of legionnaires' disease has an uneven geographical distribution in denmark, ranging from 3 to 70 notified cases per million inhabitants per year in different towns. we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to legionella in the one town with a consistently high incidence (randers, aarhus county) and compared it with that of an area of average incidence (vejle, vejle county). blood samples were collected from healthy blood donors in randers (n=308) and in vejle (n=400), and anal ... | 2008 | 17475092 |
| high prevalence of antibodies to legionella spp. in danish blood donors. a study in areas with high and average incidence of legionnaires' disease. | the incidence of legionnaires' disease has an uneven geographical distribution in denmark, ranging from 3 to 70 notified cases per million inhabitants per year in different towns. we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to legionella in the one town with a consistently high incidence (randers, aarhus county) and compared it with that of an area of average incidence (vejle, vejle county). blood samples were collected from healthy blood donors in randers (n=308) and in vejle (n=400), and anal ... | 2008 | 17475092 |
| multicenter comparison of molecular methods for detection of legionella spp. in sputum samples. | legionellosis can be diagnosed by pcr using sputum samples. in this report, the methods of nine laboratories for 12 sputum samples with legionella pneumophila and legionella longbeachae are compared. we conclude that (i) liquefaction prevents pcr inhibition, (ii) the employed mip gene pcrs detected l. pneumophila only, and (iii) the 16s rrna gene pcr detected both legionella species and is preferred for the diagnosis of legionellosis. | 2007 | 17670926 |
| development of real-time multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and legionella spp. in respiratory specimens. | real-time multiplex isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) was developed to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and legionella spp. in respiratory specimens using the nuclisens basic kit (biomérieux, boxtel, the netherlands). oligonucleotide primers were derived from the m. pneumoniae, c. pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila 16s rrna. for real-time detection, molecular beacons were used. specificity was established on a panel of bacterial strains. the ... | 2008 | 18032625 |
| development of real-time multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and legionella spp. in respiratory specimens. | real-time multiplex isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) was developed to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and legionella spp. in respiratory specimens using the nuclisens basic kit (biomérieux, boxtel, the netherlands). oligonucleotide primers were derived from the m. pneumoniae, c. pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila 16s rrna. for real-time detection, molecular beacons were used. specificity was established on a panel of bacterial strains. the ... | 2008 | 18032625 |
| impact of a silver layer on the membrane of tap water filters on the microbiological quality of filtered water. | bacteria in the hospital's drinking water system represent a risk for the acquisition of a nosocomial infection in the severely immunocompromised host. terminal tap water filters may be used to prevent nosocomial legionnaires' disease. we present data from water samples using an improved kind of tap water filters. | 2008 | 18842119 |
| distribution of legionella species from environmental water sources of public facilities and genetic diversity of l. pneumophila serogroup 1 in south korea. | a total of 560 legionella species were isolated from environmental water sources from public facilities from june to september 2008 throughout south korea. the distribution of legionella isolates was investigated according to geographical region, facility type, and sample type. the genetic diversity of 104 isolates of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (sg 1) was analyzed by sequence-based typing (sbt). l. pneumophila was distributed broadly throughout korea, accounting for 85.0% of the isolates ... | 2010 | 20693456 |
| effector glycosyltransferases in legionella. | legionella causes severe pneumonia in humans. the pathogen produces an array of effectors, which interfere with host cell functions. among them are the glucosyltransferases lgt1, lgt2 and lgt3 from l. pneumophila. lgt1 and lgt2 are produced predominately in the post-exponential phase of bacterial growth, while synthesis of lgt3 is induced mainly in the lag-phase before intracellular replication of bacteria starts. lgt glucosyltransferases are structurally similar to clostridial glucosylating tox ... | 2011 | 21833323 |
| Prediction of the pathogens that are the cause of pneumonia by the battlefield hypothesis. | Commensal organisms are frequent causes of pneumonia. However, the detection of these organisms in the airway does not mean that they are the causative pathogens; they may exist merely as colonizers. In up to 50% cases of pneumonia, the causative pathogens remain unidentified, thereby hampering targeting therapies. In speculating on the role of a commensal organism in pneumonia, we devised the battlefield hypothesis. In the "pneumonia battlefield," the organism-to-human cell number ratio may be ... | 2011 | 21909436 |
| detection of coccidioides species in clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | coccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungal pathogens endemic to the semiarid regions of north, central, and south america. currently, direct smear and culture are the most common means of identifying coccidioides spp. while these methods offer relatively sensitive and specific means of detecting coccidioides spp., growth in culture may take up to 3 weeks, potentially delaying the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. in addition, growth of the organism represents a significant ... | 2006 | 17108077 |
| detection of coccidioides species in clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | coccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungal pathogens endemic to the semiarid regions of north, central, and south america. currently, direct smear and culture are the most common means of identifying coccidioides spp. while these methods offer relatively sensitive and specific means of detecting coccidioides spp., growth in culture may take up to 3 weeks, potentially delaying the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. in addition, growth of the organism represents a significant ... | 2006 | 17108077 |
| unexploited opportunities for phage therapy. | | 2015 | 26441644 |
| rapid pcr detection of mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum, and ureaplasma parvum. | objective. we compared laboratory developed real-time pcr assays for detection of mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of ureaplasma urealyticum and parvum to culture using genitourinary specimens submitted for m. hominis and ureaplasma culture. methods. 283 genitourinary specimens received in the clinical bacteriology laboratory for m. hominis and ureaplasma species culture were evaluated. nucleic acids were extracted using the total nucleic acid kit on the magna pure 2.0. 5 ... | 2013 | 26904723 |
| reduction of legionella spp. in water and in soil by a citrus plant extract vapor. | legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by legionella spp., organisms often isolated from environmental sources, including soil and water. legionella spp. are capable of replicating intracellularly within free-living protozoa, and once this has occurred, legionella is particularly resistant to disinfectants. citrus essential oil (eo) vapors are effective antimicrobials against a range of microorganisms, with reductions of 5 log cells ml(-1) on a variety of surfaces. the aim of ... | 2014 | 25063652 |
| update on rifampin resistance in the legionellaceae. | | 2001 | 11441826 |
| bacterial colonies in solid media and foods: a review on their growth and interactions with the micro-environment. | bacteria, either indigenous or added, are immobilized in solid foods where they grow as colonies. since the 80's, relatively few research groups have explored the implications of bacteria growing as colonies and mostly focused on pathogens in large colonies on agar/gelatine media. it is only recently that high resolution imaging techniques and biophysical characterization techniques increased the understanding of the growth of bacterial colonies, for different sizes of colonies, at the microscop ... | 2015 | 26648910 |
| direct immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of legionellosis. | culture and direct immunofluorescent microscopy (dfa) results for legionella pneumophila were reviewed over a two-year period. in the first year, a positive result was defined as having at least one morphologically typical fluorescing organism. in the second year, a positive was defined as at least five typical fluorescing organisms. despite these stricter criteria and other measures to reduce the possibility of reagent contamination, there was no statistically significant difference in the sens ... | 1993 | 22346430 |
| development of a dna microarray method for detection and identification of all 15 distinct o-antigen forms of legionella pneumophila. | legionella is ubiquitous in many environments. at least 50 species and 70 serogroups of the gram-negative bacterium have been identified. of the 50 species, 20 are pathogenic, and legionella pneumophila is responsible for the great majority (approximately 90%) of the legionnaires' disease cases that occur. furthermore, of the 15 l. pneumophila serogroups identified, o1 alone causes more than 84% of the legionnaires' disease cases that occur worldwide. rapid and reliable assays for the detection ... | 2013 | 23974134 |
| high prevalence, genetic diversity and intracellular growth ability of legionella in hot spring environments. | legionella is the causative agent of legionnaires' disease, and hot springs are a major source of outbreaks of this disease. it is important from a public health perspective to survey hot spring environments for the presence of legionella. | 2013 | 23527075 |
| identification of legionella spp. in environmental water samples by scanvit-legionella™ method in spain. | rapid and more sensitive methods for the detection and quantification of viable legionella cells have been developed. in this paper, a comparative analysis of environmental water samples using the scanvit-legionella™ method and the traditional "gold standard" method of culturing is realised indicating the usefulness of the scanvit method. the scanvit-legionella™ method was performed on environmental water samples from different locations of huesca region (spain). legionella micro-colonies should ... | 2013 | 24426100 |
| a new oligonucleotide microarray for detection of pathogenic and non-pathogenic legionella spp. | legionella pneumophila has been recognized as the major cause of legionellosis since the discovery of the deadly disease. legionella spp. other than l. pneumophila were later found to be responsible to many non-pneumophila infections. the non-l. pneumophila infections are likely under-detected because of a lack of effective diagnosis. in this report, we have sequenced the 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (its) of 10 legionella species and subspecies, including l. anisa, l. bozemanii ... | 2014 | 25469776 |
| comparative analyses of legionella species identifies genetic features of strains causing legionnaires' disease. | the genus legionella comprises over 60 species. however, l. pneumophila and l. longbeachae alone cause over 95% of legionnaires’ disease. to identify the genetic bases underlying the different capacities to cause disease we sequenced and compared the genomes of l. micdadei, l. hackeliae and l. fallonii (llap10), which are all rarely isolated from humans. | 2014 | 25370836 |
| legionellosis outbreak associated with a hotel fountain. | background. in august 2012, the chicago department of public health (cdph) was notified of acute respiratory illness, including 1 fatality, among a group of meeting attendees who stayed at a chicago hotel during july 30-august 3, 2012. suspecting legionnaires' disease (ld), cdph advised the hotel to close their swimming pool, spa, and decorative lobby fountain and began an investigation. methods. case finding included notification of individuals potentially exposed during july 16-august 15, 20 ... | 2015 | 26716104 |
| atypical presentation of legionella pneumonia among patients with underlying cancer: a fifteen-year review. | immunocompromised patients, especially those receiving treatment with corticosteroids and cytotoxic chemotherapy are at increased risk for developing legionella pneumonia. | 2015 | 26496794 |
| atypical presentation of legionella pneumonia among patients with underlying cancer: a fifteen-year review. | immunocompromised patients, especially those receiving treatment with corticosteroids and cytotoxic chemotherapy are at increased risk for developing legionella pneumonia. | 2015 | 26496794 |
| prevalence and molecular characteristics of waterborne pathogen legionella in industrial cooling tower environments. | cooling towers are a source of legionnaires' disease. it is important from a public health perspective to survey industrial cooling towers for the presence of legionella. prospective surveillance of the extent of legionella pollution was conducted at factories in shijiazhuang, china between march 2011 and september 2012. overall, 35.7% of 255 industrial cooling tower water samples showed legionella-positive, and their concentrations ranged from 100 colony-forming units (cfu)/liter to 88,000 cfu/ ... | 2015 | 26473896 |
| utility of pcr, culture, and antigen detection methods for diagnosis of legionellosis. | the goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the performance of different diagnostic tests for legionnaires' disease in a clinical setting where legionella pneumophila pcr had been introduced. electronic medical records at the cleveland clinic were searched for legionella urinary antigen (uag), culture, and pcr tests ordered from march 2010 through december 2013. for cases where two or more test methods were performed and at least one was positive, the medical record was reviewed for rel ... | 2015 | 26292304 |
| presence and persistence of viable, clinically relevant legionella pneumophila bacteria in garden soil in the netherlands. | garden soils were investigated as reservoirs and potential sources of pathogenic legionella bacteria. legionella bacteria were detected in 22 of 177 garden soil samples (12%) by amoebal coculture. of these 22 legionella-positive soil samples, seven contained legionella pneumophila several other species were found, including the pathogenic legionella longbeachae (4 gardens) and legionella sainthelensi (9 gardens). the l. pneumophila isolates comprised 15 different sequence types (sts), and eight ... | 2016 | 27316958 |
| soft tissue infection caused by legionella bozemanii in a patient with ongoing immunosuppressive treatment. | the legionellaceae family consists of approximately 50 species, of which the most commonly identified species is l. pneumophila, the causative agent of legionnaires' disease. other legionella ssp. most often cause clinical infections in the immune-compromised patients, in which l. bozemanii has been known to cause both pneumonia and lung abscesses. in the presented case, a soft tissue infection in a patient with ongoing immunosuppression was determined to be due to l. bozemanii. hence, in immune ... | 2013 | 24023988 |
| recent trends in non-invasive in situ techniques to monitor bacterial colonies in solid (model) food. | planktonic cells typically found in liquid systems, are routinely used for building predictive models or assessing the efficacy of food preserving technologies. however, freely suspended cells often show different susceptibility to environmental hurdles than colony cells in solid matrices. limited oxygen, water and nutrient availability, metabolite accumulation and physical constraints due to cell immobilization in the matrix, are main factors affecting cell growth. moreover, intra- and inter-co ... | 2015 | 25798133 |
| probing the kinetic anabolism of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in cupriavidus necator h16 using single-cell raman spectroscopy. | poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) can be formed in large amounts in cupriavidus necator and is important for the industrial production of biodegradable plastics. in this investigation, laser tweezers raman spectroscopy (ltrs) was used to characterize dynamic changes in phb content-as well as in the contents of other common biomolecule-in c. necator during batch growth at both the population and single-cell levels. phb accumulation began in the early stages of bacterial growth, and the maximum phb ... | 2016 | 27509509 |