| novel insertion sequence is1380 from acetobacter pasteurianus is involved in loss of ethanol-oxidizing ability. | acetobacter pasteurianus nci1380, a thermophilic strain isolated from the surface culture of acetic acid fermentation, showed genetic instability to produce at high frequency spontaneous mutants which were deficient in ethanol oxidation because of the loss of alcohol dehydrogenase activity. southern hybridization experiments with the cloned alcohol dehydrogenase-cytochrome c gene cluster as the probe showed insertion of an unknown dna fragment into a specific position in the cytochrome c gene in ... | 1991 | 1657877 |
| selective and rapid solubilization of the microbial membrane enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. | an improved solubilization procedure for the membrane-bound quinoprotein aldehyde dehydrogenase from acetobacter rancens ccm 1774 was established. after the first solubilization of membrane enzymes by brij 35 which provided important extraction of membrane proteins other than aldehyde dehydrogenase, the application of trition x-100 resulted in an almost 20-fold purification of quinoprotein aldehyde dehydrogenase. the optimal solubilization was closely connected with definite detergent/protein ra ... | 1990 | 2384875 |
| detoxification of formaldehyde by acetic acid bacteria. | formaldehyde resistance of methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic acetobacter strains was investigated. a facultatively methylotrophic acetobacter methanolicus (mb58) gets rid of free formaldehyde by assimilating it. heterotrophically growing cells tolerate 12 mm free formaldehyde. non-methylotrophic but methanol oxidizing acetobacter pasteurianus strains possess the same level of formaldehyde resistance. formaldehyde resistance can be drastically lowered down to 4 mm by blocking the formate dehy ... | 1989 | 2775425 |
| preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme from acetobacter turbidans. | eleven monoclonal antibodies against the cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme have been constructed and primarily characterized. these antibodies are all igg1 type, with medium affinity, and with no enzyme-inhibition effect. they will be utilized as immunoadsorbents to purify their corresponding antigen, the enzyme, in one step. | 1988 | 3169806 |
| prokaryotic triterpenoids. 1. 3 beta-methylhopanoids from acetobacter species and methylococcus capsulatus. | 3 beta-methylbacteriohopanepolyol derivatives were isolated from three bacteria, acetobacter pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus, methylococcus capsulatus and nostoc muscorum, and identified by spectroscopic methods and direct comparison with 3 beta-methyldiplopterol and 3 beta-methylhopan-29-ol synthesized from 22-hydroxyhopan-3-one. the 3 beta-methylhopanoid content of a. pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus could be dramatically increased (up to 60% of the total hopanoid content) by addition of l-methio ... | 1985 | 3926494 |
| prokaryotic triterpenoids. 3. the biosynthesis of 2 beta-methylhopanoids and 3 beta-methylhopanoids of methylobacterium organophilum and acetobacter pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus. | the incorporation of l-[methyl-3h,14c]methionine or l-(methyl-2h3)methionine into 2 beta-methyldiplopterol of methylobacterium organophilum and various 3 beta-methylhopanoids of acetobacter pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus showed that all three hydrogen atoms of the transferred methyl group are retained in the triterpenoids. these methylations are compatible with a methylation substrate such as a delta 2-hopanoid in the case of the 2 beta-methylhopanoid biosynthesis and of a delta 2-hopanoid or sq ... | 1985 | 3926496 |
| effects of detergents and phospholipids on the pyridine nucleotide-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase from membranes of acetobacter rancens. | the pyridine nucleotide-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase solubilized and purified from membranes of acetobacter rancens ccm 1774 requires the presence of detergents for activity. while several detergents could stimulate the enzyme activity the stability of the enzyme-detergent complexes was rather low. phospholipid substitution experiments revealed the reversibility of the loss of activity caused by phospholipid removal. enzyme-phospholipid complexes generated from a complex phospholipid fract ... | 1985 | 4084277 |
| [action of ethanol on acetate oxidation by acetobacter rancens]. | | 1972 | 4654400 |
| [demonstration of easily exchangeable acetaldehyde during ethanol oxidation by acetobacter rancens particles]. | | 1970 | 4985242 |
| a new restriction endonuclease from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a restriction endonuclease, apai, has been partially purified from acetobacter pasteurianus. this enzyme cleaves bacteriophage lambda dna and simian virus 40 dna at one site, adenovirus-2 dna at more than nine sites, but it does not cleave phi x174 dna nor plasmid pbr322 dna. this enzyme recognizes the sequence (formula; see text) and cuts at the sites indicated by the arrows. | 1983 | 6306590 |
| cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the gene encoding the smallest subunit of the three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter pasteurianus. | the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetobacter pasteurianus nci1452 consists of three different subunits, a 78-kda dehydrogenase subunit, a 48-kda cytochrome c subunit, and a 20-kda subunit of unknown function. for elucidation of the function of the smallest subunit, this gene was cloned from this strain by the oligonucleotide-probing method, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence and the nh2-terminal sequence determined for the p ... | 1995 | 7665483 |
| factors relevant to the production of (r)-(+)-glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol) from racemic glycidol by enantioselective oxidation with acetobacter pasteurianus atcc 12874. | acetobacter pasteurianus oxidizes glycidol with high activity, comparable to the oxidation of ethanol. the organism has a preference for the s-enantiomer, and the kinetic resolution process obeys a simple relationship, indicating an enantiomeric ratio (e) of 19. the compound is converted into glycidic acid, although a transient accumulation of glycidaldehyde occurs initially. determination of other parameters revealed a temperature optimum of 50 degrees c, long-term stability (cells in the resti ... | 1994 | 7765650 |
| nucleotide sequence of a small plasmid isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a 1440-bp plasmid named pap12875 was isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus and its nucleotide sequence determined. an open reading frame was found capable of coding for a protein that has similarity with the replication protein of pvt736-1 from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and the 32-kda protein of phage pf3 from pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 1995 | 7789800 |
| transformation of microorganisms with the plasmid vector with the replicon from pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria species was screened for the expression of the gram-negative plasmid pack5 and pact72 with replicon of pac1 plasmid from acetobacter pasteurianus. as was described previously, both plasmids were expressed in escherichia coli, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter aceti, shigella spp. and citrobacter spp. expressions of plasmids were successful in twelve species tested, comamonas terrigena, salmonella typhimurium, serratia marcescens, bacillus ... | 1995 | 7832808 |
| induction by ethanol of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in acetobacter pasteurianus. | the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) activity of acetobacter pasteurianus nci1380 was enhanced more than 10-fold by the addition of ethanol to the medium. in order to elucidate the mechanism of the ethanol induction, a gene cluster encoding the dehydrogenase and cytochrome c subunits of adh was cloned from this strain, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences and the nh2-terminal sequences determined with purified proteins showed that t ... | 1993 | 8226628 |
| triggering of cellulase biosynthesis by cellulose in trichoderma reesei. involvement of a constitutive, sophorose-inducible, glucose-inhibited beta-diglucoside permease. | we prepared [u-14c]cellobiose by cultivating acetobacter pasteurianus in the presence of [u-14c]glucose and hydrolyzing the [u-14c]cellulose formed with beta-glucosidase-free cellulase from trichoderma reesei. this 14c-labeled cellobiose was used to investigate the presence of an uptake system for cellobiose in t. reesei. evidence was obtained for the presence of a high affinity (km for cellobiose 0.3 microm) but low activity (2.5 milliunits/mg fungal dry weight) cellobiose permease. the permeas ... | 1993 | 8366083 |
| the bradyrhizobium japonicum serocluster 123 hyperreiterated dna region, hrs1, has dna and amino acid sequence homology to is1380, an insertion sequence from acetobacter pasteurianus. | we have sequenced and analyzed the hyperreiterated dna region, hrs1, from bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 424. the 2.1-kb hrs1 fragment is closely linked to the b. japonicum common and genotype-specific nodulation genes in serogroup 123 and 127 strains. southern hybridization analyses indicated that one copy of hrs1 is also located next to the fixrnifa locus in b. japonicum usda 424. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of a 4-bp target site duplication in hrs1 which is identical to ... | 1993 | 8390818 |
| characterization of the replicon from plasmid pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a panel of recombinant plasmids pack5 and pact7 was prepared by introducing kanamycin and tetracycline resistance into the partially split plasmid pac1 which contained replicon isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus. the replicon in plasmid pac1 is compatible with the cole1 replicon. compared to pbr322, the plasmid had more than 30 copies per chromosome in escherichia coli cells. plasmids were transformed into e. coli dh1, acetobacter pasteurianus 3614, acetobacter aceti 3620, shigella, citrobac ... | 1993 | 8447828 |
| some properties of restriction endonuclease apabi from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a new site-specific endonuclease has been isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus and has been named apabi. the enzyme recognizes 35 cleavage sites on bacteriophage lambda dna, 20 sites on adenovirus-2 dna and 2 sites on plasmid pbr322. the recognition sequence for this enzyme is 3'-cgt/nnnnnacg-5' 5'-gcannnnn/tgc-3'. | 1993 | 8457597 |
| the reca protein as a model molecule for molecular systematic studies of bacteria: comparison of trees of recas and 16s rrnas from the same species. | the evolution of the reca protein was analyzed using molecular phylogenetic techniques. phylogenetic trees of all currently available complete reca proteins were inferred using multiple maximum parsimony and distance matrix methods. comparison and analysis of the trees reveal that the inferred relationships among these proteins are highly robust. the reca trees show consistent subdivisions corresponding to many of the major bacterial groups found in trees of other molecules including the alpha, ... | 1995 | 8587109 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of apali restriction-modification system from acetobacter pasteurianus ifo 13753. | the apali restriction-modification system from acetobacter pasteurianus ifo 13753 recognizes the nucleotide sequence gtgcac. the gene coding for the apali methylase (m.apali) was cloned into escherichia coli dh5 alpha mcr, and the nucleotide sequence of the gene was analyzed. the m.apali gene coded for a protein of 429 amino acid residues (molecular mass, 46,554 daltons). the apali restriction endonuclease (r.apali) gene was analyzed by inverse polymerase chain reaction. the r.apali gene coded f ... | 1996 | 8987585 |
| a new insertion sequence is1452 from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a new insertion sequence element, is1452, was found to be associated with inactivation of the alcohol dehydrogenase by insertion in the adhs gene encoding subunit iii of the three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase complex in acetobacter pasteurianus. cloning and sequencing analyses of the mutated subunit iii gene locus revealed that is1452 was inserted at or near the ribosome-binding sequence of adhs. analysis of transcription using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene as the ... | 1997 | 9043130 |
| characterization of the genes encoding the three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase from gluconobacter suboxydans and their expression in acetobacter pasteurianus. | the three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of gluconobacter suboxydans ifo12528 was purified, and the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence of each subunit was determined. on the basis of the amino acid sequences, the genes adha, encoding the 72-kda dehydrogenase, adhb, encoding the 44-kda cytochrome c-553 (a co-binding cytochrome c), and adhs, encoding a 15-kda protein, were cloned and the amino acid sequences of their products were deduced from the nucleotide sequences. the dehy ... | 1997 | 9055427 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a novel insertion element from plasmids harbored by the carbofuran-degrading bacterium, sphingomonas sp. cfo6. | sphingomonas sp. cfo6 (a member of the alpha group of proteobacteria) was isolated from a washington soil by enrichment on the insecticide carbofuran as a sole source of carbon and energy. this strain has been shown to harbor five plasmids, at least some of which are required for catabolism of carbofuran. rearrangements, deletions, and loss of individual plasmids resulting in the loss of the carbofuran-degrading phenotype were observed following treatment with heat or introduction of tn5. severa ... | 1997 | 9200220 |
| the phylogeny of acetic acid bacteria based on the partial sequences of 16s ribosomal rna: the elevation of the subgenus gluconoacetobacter to the generic level. | thirty-six strains of acetic acid bacteria classified in the genera acetobacter, gluconobacter, and acidomonas were examined for their partial base sequences in positions 1220 through 1375, 156 bases, of 16s rrna. the strains of the q10-equipped gluconobacter species examined were divided into two subgroups, which included the type strains of gluconobacter oxydans, the type species of the genus gluconobacter, and of a second species, gluconobacter cerinus, respectively. the base differences numb ... | 1997 | 9301103 |
| characterization of microbial cellulose from a high-producing mutagenized acetobacter pasteurianus strain. | a wild-type acetobacter pasteurianus was subjected to chemical mutagenesis for the induction and isolation of a cellulose overproducing strain. a mutagenized strain capable of synthesizing double amounts of cellulose compared to the wild type was obtained. cellulose, both from the wild-type and the mutagenized strain, was extracted and purified for chemical characterization and investigation of its physico-chemical properties. the comparison of the two microbial polysaccharides shows that the pu ... | 1997 | 9305792 |
| sequence analysis of a 1296-nucleotide plasmid from xylella fastidiosa. | a cryptic plasmid from xylella fastidiosa strain atcc 35868 was cloned, sequenced, and the sequence entered into genbank (u71220). the plasmid is 1296 nucleotides in length with 55% gc content and three open reading frames. a plasmid with sequence homology was found in only one other strain of x. fastidiosa, atcc 35878. searches of the genbank reveal nucleotide sequence homology with plasmid pnkh43 from stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and amino acid sequence homology with phage pf3 from pseudomona ... | 1997 | 9351204 |
| a new insertion sequence from sinorhizobium meliloti with homology to is1357 from methylobacterium sp. and is1452 from acetobacter pasteurianus. | the insertion sequence isrm8 was identified by sequence analysis of the cryptic plasmid prmegr4b of sinorhizobium meliloti gr4. isrm8 is 1451 bp in length and carries 22/24-bp terminal imperfect inverted repeats with seven mismatches and a direct target site duplication of 3 bp. isrm8 carries a unique open reading frame whose putative protein showed significant similarity to the insertion sequences is1357 and is1452, isolated from methylobacterium sp. and acetobacter pasteurianus, respectively. ... | 1998 | 9453160 |
| analysis of hopanoids in bacteria involved in food technology and food contamination. | hopanoids are pentacyclic triterpenoids which are believed to act as reinforcers of membranes in certain prokaryotic microorganisms. a rapid and sensitive method for their screening in bacteria was elaborated, involving extraction of nonsaponifiable lipids and the analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, selectively monitoring the ion of m/z = 191. using the method, hopanoids were detected in strains of acetobacter pasteurianus, but were found to be absent in lactic acid bacteria (lacto ... | 1998 | 9503615 |
| new bradyrhizobium japonicum strains that possess high copy numbers of the repeated sequence rs alpha. | in a survey of dna fingerprints of indigenous bradyrhizobium japonicum with the species-specific repeated sequences rs alpha and rs beta, 21 isolates from three field sites showed numerous rs-specific hybridization bands. the isolates were designated highly reiterated sequence-possessing (hrs) isolates, and their dna hybridization profiles were easily distinguished from the normal patterns. some hrs isolates from two field sites possessed extremely high numbers of rs alpha copies, ranging from 8 ... | 1998 | 9572961 |
| description of acetobacter oboediens sp. nov. and acetobacter pomorum sp. nov., two new species isolated from industrial vinegar fermentations. | two strains of acetobacter sp., lth 2460t and lth 2458t, have been isolated from running red wine and cider vinegar fermentations, respectively. taxonomic characteristics of the isolates were investigated. comparative analysis of the 165 rrna sequences revealed > 99% similarity between strain lth 2460t and the type strains of the related species acetobacter europaeus and acetobacter xylinus and between strain lth 2458t and acetobacter pasteurianus. on the other hand, low levels of dna relatednes ... | 1998 | 9734049 |
| apaci, an isoschizomer of bamhi isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus. | | 1992 | 1630925 |
| isolation of a new restriction enzyme, apaci, an isoschizomer of bamhi produced by acetobacter pasteurianus. | a new type ii restriction endonuclease apaci purified from acetobacter pasteurianus is an isoschizomer of bamhi that cleaves at the nucleotide sequence 5'-g/gatcc-3' of double-stranded dna. the single restriction activity present in this strain permits rapidly purified 30,000 units of cleavage activity from 10 g of freshly harvested cells. the resulting apaci preparation is free of contaminant nuclease activities that might interfere with in vitro manipulation of dna. | 1992 | 1493903 |
| purification, properties and recognition sequence and cleavage site determinations of restriction endonuclease from acetobacter pasteurianus ifo 13753 (apali). | a new restriction endonuclease, designated as apali, was purified from cell-free extracts of acetobacter pasteurianus ifo 13753 by streptomycin treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, combined column chromatographies on heparin-sepharose cl-6b and deae-sepharose cl-6b and fast protein liquid chromatography on mono q hr 5/5. the purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was calculated as 26,000 daltons by gel filtrat ... | 1990 | 1369291 |
| construction of shuttle vectors for cloning in escherichia coli and acetobacter pasteurianus. | new cloning vectors were prepared with the aid of a large plasmid isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus and from plasmids pbr322 and puc4-kapa. of the prepared cloning vectors, pack5 contains a gene coding for kanamycin resistance, pact7 and pact71 contain a gene coding for tetracycline resistance and vector pacg3 with a gene coding for both kanamycin and tetracycline resistance. the vectors prepared only contained the beginning of replication from the pac1 plasmid and possessed the ability to ... | 1992 | 1296922 |
| ctaa of staphylococcus aureus is required for starvation survival, recovery, and cytochrome biosynthesis. | a staphylococcus aureus mutant (spw3) apparently unable to survive long-term starvation was shown to have a transposon insertion within a gene homologous to ctaa of bacillus subtilis which encodes a heme a synthase. analysis of the cytochrome profiles of spw3 revealed the absence of heme a-containing cytochromes compared to the parental 8325-4 strain. spw3 demonstrated a 100-fold reduction in the ability to survive starvation induced by glucose limitation, under aerated conditions, compared to 8 ... | 1999 | 9882664 |
| characterization of is1547, a new member of the is900 family in the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and its association with is6110. | unlike classically defined insertion sequence (is) elements, which are delimited by their inverted terminal repeats, some is elements do not have inverted terminal repeats. among this group of atypical is elements, is116, is900, is901, and is1110 have been proposed as members of the is900 family of elements, not only because they do not have inverted terminal repeats but also because they share other features such as homologous transposases and particular insertion sites. in this study, we repor ... | 1999 | 9922269 |
| wine vinegar production using a noncommercial 100-litre bubble column reactor equipped with a novel type of dynamic sparger | this paper describes batch and semicontinuous acetic acid fermentations for wine vinegar production carried out with acetobacter pasteurianus, and an industrial strain using a noncommercial 100-l bubble column reactor equipped with a novel type of gas-liquid dynamic sparger. results showed acetification rates with this fermentor (i.e., an overall acetic acid productivity of 1. 8 g/l/h and yield of 94%) similar to that of the frings acetator and higher as compared to others fermentors in current ... | 1999 | 10099590 |
| is1631 occurrence in bradyrhizobium japonicum highly reiterated sequence-possessing strains with high copy numbers of repeated sequences rsalpha and rsbeta. | from bradyrhizobium japonicum highly reiterated sequence-possessing (hrs) strains indigenous to niigata and tokachi in japan with high copy numbers of the repeated sequences rsalpha and rsbeta (k. minamisawa, t. isawa, y. nakatsuka, and n. ichikawa, appl. environ. microbiol. 64:1845-1851, 1998), several insertion sequence (is)-like elements were isolated by using the formation of dna duplexes by denaturation and renaturation of total dna, followed by treatment with s1 nuclease. most of these seq ... | 1999 | 10427040 |
| a new is4 family insertion sequence, is4bsu1, responsible for genetic instability of poly-gamma-glutamic acid production in bacillus subtilis. | certain bacillus subtilis strains, such as b. subtilis (natto) starter strains for the manufacture of natto (fermented soybeans), produce capsular poly-gamma-glutamate (gammapga). in b. subtilis (natto), gammapga synthesis is controlled by the comp-coma two-component regulatory system and thereby induced at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. we have found a new insertion sequence (is), designated is4bsu1, in the comp gene of a spontaneous gammapga-negative mutant of b. subtilis (natto ... | 2000 | 10762236 |
| isolation of a novel insertion sequence from mycobacterium fortuitum using a trap vector based on inactivation of a lacz reporter gene. | an insertion sequence of mycobacterium fortuitum has been isolated using a trap vector following insertion in and inactivation of the lacz reporter gene. the trap vector is a temperature-sensitive (ts) escherichia coli-mycobacterium shuttle plasmid, pcd4, which contains ts orim, the kanamycin-resistance gene as a selection marker and a lacz expression cassette. the ts mutation present in pcd4 functions in mycobacteria and enables screening for transposable elements from the mycobacterial genome ... | 2000 | 10832643 |
| identification of acetic acid bacteria by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a pcr-amplified fragment of the gene coding for 16s rrna. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) irreversibly spoil wines and represent a serious problem. limited studies on the ecology of aab during winemaking have been done due to the lack of rapid and precise techniques for their identification. rflp analysis of pcr-amplified fragment of 16s rdna was performed on aab reference strains. the amplified rdnas were approximately 870-bp long for all aab species while no amplicons were detected for lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. out of the four restriction enzymes t ... | 2000 | 10886617 |
| ankb, a periplasmic ankyrin-like protein in pseudomonas aeruginosa, is required for optimal catalase b (katb) activity and resistance to hydrogen peroxide. | in this study, we have cloned the ankb gene, encoding an ankyrin-like protein in pseudomonas aeruginosa. the ankb gene is composed of 549 bp encoding a protein of 183 amino acids that possesses four 33-amino-acid ankyrin repeats that are a hallmark of erythrocyte and brain ankyrins. the location of ankb is 57 bp downstream of katb, encoding a hydrogen peroxide-inducible catalase, katb. monomeric ankb is a 19.4-kda protein with a pi of 5.5 that possesses 22 primarily hydrophobic amino acids at re ... | 2000 | 10913088 |
| dna sequence and comparison of virulence plasmids from rhodococcus equi atcc 33701 and 103. | the virulence plasmids of the equine virulent strains rhodococcus equi atcc 33701 and 103 were sequenced, and their genetic structure was analyzed. p33701 was 80,610 bp in length, and p103 was 1 bp shorter; their sequences were virtually identical. the plasmids contained 64 open reading frames (orfs), 22 of which were homologous with genes of known function and 3 of which were homologous with putative genes of unknown function in other species. putative functions were assigned to five orfs based ... | 2000 | 11083803 |
| molecular characterization of lactobacillus plantarum genes for beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase iii (fabh) and acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase (accbcda), which are essential for fatty acid biosynthesis. | genes for subunits of acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase (acc), which is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of fatty acids in lactobacillus plantarum l137, were cloned and characterized. we identified six potential open reading frames, namely, manb, fabh, accb, accc, accd, and acca, in that order. nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that fabh encoded beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase iii, that the accb, accc, accd, and acca genes encoded biotin carboxyl carrier pro ... | 2001 | 11133475 |
| characterization of acetic acid bacteria in traditional acetic acid fermentation of rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) produced in japan. | bacterial strains were isolated from samples of japanese rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) fermented by the traditional static method. fermentations have never been inoculated with a pure culture since they were started in 1907. a total of 178 isolates were divided into groups a and b on the basis of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr and random amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting analyses. the 16s ribosomal dna sequences of strains belonging to eac ... | 2001 | 11157275 |
| enzymes involved in the glycidaldehyde (2,3-epoxy-propanal) oxidation step in the kinetic resolution of racemic glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol) by acetobacter pasteurianus. | it is already known that kinetic resolution of racemic glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol) takes place when acetobacter pasteurianus oxidizes the compound to glycidic acid (2,3-epoxy-propionic acid) with glycidaldehyde (2,3-epoxy-propanal) proposed to be the transient seen in this conversion. since inhibition affects the feasibility of a process based on this conversion in a negative sense, and the chemical reactivity of glycidaldehyde predicts that it could be the cause for the phenomena observed, ... | 2001 | 11166817 |
| catalytic and molecular properties of the quinohemoprotein tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol dehydrogenase from ralstonia eutropha strain bo. | the quinohemoprotein tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol dehydrogenase (thfa-dh) from ralstonia eutropha strain bo was investigated for its catalytic properties. the apparent k(cat)/k(m) and k(i) values for several substrates were determined using ferricyanide as an artificial electron acceptor. the highest catalytic efficiency was obtained with n-pentanol exhibiting a k(cat)/k(m) value of 788 x 10(4) m(-1) s(-1). the enzyme showed substrate inhibition kinetics for most of the alcohols and aldehydes inve ... | 2001 | 11222593 |
| the est1 regulation depends on the oxygen concentration in acetobacter pasteurianus. | the regulation mechanism for expression of the ethanol inducible esterase gene, est1, was investigated in a. pasteurianus. deletion analysis of the 5' non coding region of est1 showed that the fnr-binding consensus sequence is important in the induction of est1 by ethanol. cells grown under oxygen starvation produced esterase-1 in not only the presence but also the absence of ethanol. these results suggest that the induction of est1-expression depends on the oxygen concentration, and the gene ma ... | 2001 | 11330700 |
| multiple mobile promoter regions for the rare carbapenem resistance gene of bacteroides fragilis. | two novel insertion sequences (is), is1187 and is1188, are described upstream from the carbapenem resistance gene cfia in strains of bacteroides fragilis. mapping, with the race procedure, of transcription start sites of cfia in these and two other previously reported is showed that transcription of this rarely encountered gene is initiated close to a variety of b. fragilis consensus promoter sequences, as recently defined (d. p. bayley, e. r. rocha, and c. j. smith, fems microbiol. lett. 193:14 ... | 2001 | 11344163 |
| identification and distribution of new insertion sequences in the genome of alkaliphilic bacillus halodurans c-125. | fifteen kinds of new insertion sequences (iss), is641 to is643, is650 to is658, is660, is662, and is663, and a group ii intron (bh.int) were identified in the 4,202,352-bp genome of alkaliphilic bacillus halodurans c-125. out of 120 iss identified in the c-125 genome, 29 were truncated, indicating the occurrence of internal rearrangements of the genome. the iss other than is650, is653, is660, and is663 generated a 2- to 9-bp duplication of the target site sequence, and the iss other than is650, ... | 2001 | 11418576 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the atrazine catabolic plasmid padp-1 from pseudomonas sp. strain adp. | the complete 108,845-nucleotide sequence of catabolic plasmid padp-1 from pseudomonas sp. strain adp was determined. plasmid padp-1 was previously shown to encode atza, atzb, and atzc, which catalyze the sequential hydrolytic removal of s-triazine ring substituents from the herbicide atrazine to yield cyanuric acid. computational analyses indicated that padp-1 encodes 104 putative open reading frames (orfs), which are predicted to function in catabolism, transposition, and plasmid maintenance, t ... | 2001 | 11544232 |
| multifunctional epoxy supports: a new tool to improve the covalent immobilization of proteins. the promotion of physical adsorptions of proteins on the supports before their covalent linkage. | multifunctional supports containing epoxy groups are here proposed as a second generation of activated supports for covalent immobilization of enzymes following the epoxy chemistry on any type of support (hydrophobic or hydrophilic ones) under very mild experimental conditions (e.g., low ionic strength, neutral ph values, and low temperatures). these multifunctional supports have been easily prepared by modifying a small fraction (10-20%) of the epoxy groups contained in commercial epoxy support ... | 2000 | 11710205 |
| pyruvate decarboxylase: a key enzyme for the oxidative metabolism of lactic acid by acetobacter pasteurianus. | acetobacter pasteurianus, an obligately oxidative bacterium, is the first organism shown to utilize pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) as a central enzyme for oxidative metabolism. in plants, yeast, and other bacteria, pdc functions solely as part of the fermentative ethanol pathway. during the growth of a. pasteurianus on lactic acid, the central intermediate pyruvate is cleaved to acetaldehyde and co(2) by pdc. acetaldehyde is subsequently oxidized to its final product, acetic acid. the presence of ... | 2001 | 11734888 |
| biotransformations catalyzed by multimeric enzymes: stabilization of tetrameric ampicillin acylase permits the optimization of ampicillin synthesis under dissociation conditions. | the importance of the stabilization of the quaternary structure of multimeric enzymes has been illustrated using a model reaction with great industrial relevance: the enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin from 6-amino penicillanic acid (6apa) and phenylglycine methyl ester (pgm) catalyzed by the tetrameric enzyme alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from acetobacter turbidans. the stabilization of the multimeric structure of the enzyme was achieved by multi-subunit immobilization of the enzyme followed ... | 2001 | 11749160 |
| cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in escherichia coli of the gene encoding an alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from acetobacter turbidans. | the alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from acetobacter turbidans atcc 9325 is capable of hydrolyzing and synthesizing beta-lactam antibiotics, such as cephalexin and ampicillin. n-terminal amino acid sequencing of the purified alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase allowed cloning and genetic characterization of the corresponding gene from an a. turbidans genomic library. the gene, designated aeha, encodes a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 72,000. comparison of the determined n-terminal sequence ... | 2002 | 11772629 |
| the enumeration and identification of acetic acid bacteria from south african red wine fermentations. | acetic acid bacteria are microorganisms that can profoundly influence the quality of wine. surprisingly, little research has been done on these microorganisms in the winemaking field. the object of this study was to investigate the occurrence of acetic acid bacteria in south african red wine fermentations and to identify the dominant species occurring. acetic acid bacteria were isolated and enumerated from small-scale and commercial red must fermentations in 1998 and 1999, respectively. the init ... | 2002 | 11930953 |
| identification of the catalytic residues of alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from acetobacter turbidans by labeling and site-directed mutagenesis. | the alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from acetobacter turbidans atcc 9325 is capable of hydrolyzing and synthesizing the side chain peptide bond in beta-lactam antibiotics. data base searches revealed that the enzyme contains an active site serine consensus sequence gly-x-ser-tyr-x-gly that is also found in x-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. the serine hydrolase inhibitor p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidino-benzoate appeared to be an active site titrant and was used to label the alpha-amino acid ester h ... | 2002 | 12011065 |
| cloning and characterization of the zymobacter palmae pyruvate decarboxylase gene (pdc) and comparison to bacterial homologues. | pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) is the key enzyme in all homo-ethanol fermentations. although widely distributed among plants, yeasts, and fungi, pdc is absent in animals and rare in bacteria (established for only three organisms). genes encoding the three known bacterial pdc genes have been previously described and expressed as active recombinant proteins. the pdc gene from zymomonas mobilis has been used to engineer ethanol-producing biocatalysts for use in industry. in this paper, we describe a ... | 2002 | 12039744 |
| re-examination of the genus acetobacter, with descriptions of acetobacter cerevisiae sp. nov. and acetobacter malorum sp. nov. | thirty-four acetobacter strains, representing acetobacter aceti, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter pomorum, acetobacter peroxydans, acetobacter lovaniensis, acetobacter estunensis, acetobacter orleanensis, acetobacter indonesiensis and acetobacter tropicalis, were subjected to a polyphasic study that included dna-dna hybridizations, dna base ratio determinations, 16s rdna sequence analysis and phenotypic characterization. two novel species are proposed, acetobacter cerevisiae sp. nov. and ac ... | 2002 | 12361257 |
| identification of acetobacter strains isolated from indonesian sources, and proposals of acetobacter syzygii sp. nov., acetobacter cibinongensis sp. nov., and acetobacter orientalis sp. nov. | forty-six strains of acetic acid bacteria newly isolated from flowers, fruits, and fermented foods collected in indonesia were taxonomically studied. they were gram-negative rods, produced acetic acid from ethanol, oxidized acetate and lactate to co(2) and h(2)o, and had q-9 as the major ubiquinone system. on the basis of dna-dna similarity, all strains studied, including type strains and reference strains of the genus acetobacter, were separated into eleven groups (groups i to xi). of the 46 is ... | 2001 | 12483554 |
| new insertion sequence elements in the upstream region of cfia in imipenem-resistant bacteroides fragilis strains. | the 747-bp cfia gene, which encodes a metallo-beta-lactamase, and the regions flanking cfia in six imipenem-resistant and four imipenem-susceptible bacteroides fragilis strains isolated in japan were analyzed by pcr and dna sequencing. the nucleotide sequences of the cfia genes (designated cfia(1) to cfia(10)) of all 10 strains tested varied from that of the standard cfia gene from b. fragilis tal2480. however, putative proteins encoded by the cfia variants contained conserved amino acid residue ... | 2003 | 12604530 |
| spoilage of bottled red wine by acetic acid bacteria. | to determine the bacterial species associated with an outbreak of spoilage in commercially bottled red wine where the bottles had been stored in an upright vertical compared with horizontal position. | 2003 | 12680944 |
| relaxed specificity of the r1162 nickase: a model for evolution of a system for conjugative mobilization of plasmids. | the primary dna processing protein for conjugative mobilization of the plasmid r1162 is the transesterase moba, which acts at a unique site on the plasmid, the origin of transfer (orit). both moba and orit are members of a large family of related elements that are widely distributed among bacteria. each orit consists of a highly conserved core and an adjacent region that is required for binding by its cognate moba. the sequence of the adjacent region is important in determining the specificity o ... | 2003 | 12775691 |
| purification and characterization of two nad-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (adhs) induced in the quinoprotein adh-deficient mutant of acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108. | high nad-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) activity was found in the cytoplasm when a membrane-bound, quinoprotein, adh-deficient mutant strain of acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108 was grown on ethanol. two nad-dependent adhs were separated and purified from the supernatant fraction of the cells. one (adh i) is a trimer, consisting of an identical subunit of 42 kda, while the other (adh ii) is a homodimer, having a subunit of 31 kda. one of the two adhs, adh ii, easily lost the activity durin ... | 2003 | 12834271 |
| the microbial ecology of cocoa bean fermentations in indonesia. | cocoa beans are the principal raw material of chocolate manufacture. the beans are subject to a microbial fermentation as the first stage in chocolate production. the microbial ecology of bean fermentation (forastero and trinitario cultivars) was investigated at three commercial fermentaries in east java, indonesia by determining the populations of individual species at 12-h intervals throughout the process. the first 2-3 days of fermentation were characterised by the successional growth of vari ... | 2003 | 12892924 |
| expression levels of the yeast alcohol acetyltransferase genes atf1, lg-atf1, and atf2 control the formation of a broad range of volatile esters. | volatile aroma-active esters are responsible for the fruity character of fermented alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine. esters are produced by fermenting yeast cells in an enzyme-catalyzed intracellular reaction. in order to investigate and compare the roles of the known saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acetyltransferases, atf1p, atf2p and lg-atf1p, in volatile ester production, the respective genes were either deleted or overexpressed in a laboratory strain and a commercial brewing strain ... | 2003 | 12957907 |
| letter: nonspecific biosynthesis of hopane triterpenes in a cell-free system from acetobacter rancens. | | 1976 | 1249358 |
| substrate specificity of an alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase produced by acetobacter turbidans a.t.c.c. 9325. | a partially purified preparation of an alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase was obtained from acetobacter turbidans a.t.c.c. 9325, which catalyses synthesis of 7-(d-alpha-amino-alpha-phenylacetamido)-3-cephem-3-methyl-4- carboxylic acid (cephalexin) from methyl d-alpha-aminophenylacetate and 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid. the enzyme preparation catalysed both cephalosprin synthesis from 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid and suitable amino acid esters (e.g. methyl d-alpha-aminophenyla ... | 1974 | 4424889 |
| [effect of penicillin and aureomycin on saccharomyces cerevisiae, thermobacterium cereale and acetobacter rancens]. | | 1953 | 13138020 |
| acetolactate metabolism and the presence of a dihydroxy acid dehydratase in micro-organisms. | 1. the growth characteristics of nine micro-organisms on complex broth and defined media, usually with a single nitrogen source (other than vitamins), were examined as a necessary step before growth of cells for enzyme assays. six of these bacteria gave a positive colour test with a creatine-potassium hydroxide reagent, indicating the presence of acetoin, which other investigators have shown is formed via the intermediate, alpha-acetolactate. 2. cell-free extracts of exponential-phase cells of b ... | 1965 | 14348203 |
| [effect of penicillin and aureomycin on saccharomyces cerevisiae, thermobacterium cereale and acetobacter rancens]. | | 1955 | 14387590 |
| a new variety of acetobacter rancens occured as contamination in alcoholic fermentation. | | 1961 | 14457616 |
| characterisation of plasmids purified from acetobacter pasteurianus 2374. | four cryptic plasmids pap1, pap2, pap3, and pap4 with their replication regions ap were isolated from gram-negative bacteria acetobacter pasteurianus 2374 and characterised by sequence analyses. all plasmids were carrying the kanamycin resistance gene. three of four plasmids pap2, pap3, and pap4 encode an enzyme that confers ampicillin resistance to host cells. moreover, the tetracycline resistance gene was identified only in pap2 plasmid. all plasmids are capable to coexist with each other in a ... | 2003 | 14511653 |
| design and evaluation of pcr primers for analysis of bacterial populations in wine by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of pcr-amplified ribosomal dna (rdna) is routinely used to compare levels of diversity of microbial communities and to monitor population dynamics. while using pcr-dgge to examine the bacteria in wine fermentations, we noted that several commonly used pcr primers for amplifying bacterial 16s rdna also coamplified yeast, fungal, or plant dna present in samples. unfortunately, amplification of nonbacterial dna can result in a masking of bacterial popu ... | 2003 | 14602643 |
| acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase: merohedral twinning in p21 obscured by pseudo-translational ncs. | the structure elucidation of the alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from acetobacter turbidans by molecular replacement is described. in the monoclinic crystal, the molecules are related by both rotational and pseudo-crystallographic translational ncs (non-crystallographic symmetry). refinement of the structure converged at unacceptably high r factors. after re-evaluation of the data, it was found that the crystal was merohedrally twinned, with a high twinning fraction. it is shown that the pseudo ... | 2003 | 14646082 |
| new cationic exchanger support for reversible immobilization of proteins. | new tailor-made cationic exchange resins have been prepared by covalently binding aspartic-dextran polymers (e.g. mw 15 000-20 000) to porous supports (aminated agarose and sepabeads). more than 80% of the proteins contained in crude extracts from escherichia coli and acetobacter turbidans have been strongly adsorbed on these porous materials at ph 5. this interaction was stronger than in conventional carboxymethyl cellulose (e.g., at ph 7 and 25 degrees c, all proteins previously adsorbed at ph ... | 2004 | 14763854 |
| reversible and strong immobilization of proteins by ionic exchange on supports coated with sulfate-dextran. | new and strong ionic exchange resins have been prepared by the simple and rapid ionic adsorption of anionic polymers (sulfate-dextran) on porous supports activated with the opposite ionic group (deae/manae). ionic exchange properties of such composites were strongly dependent on the size of the ionic polymers as well as on the conditions of the ionic coating of the solids with the ionic polymers (optimal conditions were 400 mg of sulfate-dextran 5000 kda per gram of support). around 80% of the p ... | 2004 | 15296440 |
| acetobacter acidum-mucosum tosic & walker, n.sp., an organism forming a starch-like polysaccharide. | | 1950 | 15415572 |
| oxidation of heterocyclic and aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids by acetobacter and serratia strains. | conversion of heterocyclic and aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids was carried out using acetobacter rancens ifo3297, a. pasteurianus ifo13753 and serratia liquefaciens lf14. ifo3297 produced 110 g 2-furoic acid l(-1) from furfural with a 95% molar yield. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid was produced from the corresponding aldehyde by using whole cells lf14. ifo13753 and lf14 both converted isophthalaldehyde, 2,5-furandicarbaldehyde, 2,5-thiophenedicarbaldehyde and 2,2 ... | 2004 | 15604813 |
| analysis of replication region of the cryptic plasmid pag20 from acetobacter aceti 3620. | the dna sequence of small cryptic plasmid pag20 in acetobacter aceti was determined at 3064 bp with 51.6% gc pairs. the plasmid encoded a 186 amino acid protein which is important for plasmid replication in gram-negative bacteria except escherichia coli. two 21 bp large direct repeat sequence 1 and two 13 bp direct repeat sequence 2 were determined in the regulation region upstream from gene encoded rep protein. vector pag24 with kanamycin gene and two deletion derivatives pag25 and pag26 withou ... | 2005 | 15670745 |
| the effect of sulphur dioxide and oxygen on the viability and culturability of a strain of acetobacter pasteurianus and a strain of brettanomyces bruxellensis isolated from wine. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of free molecular and bound forms of sulphur dioxide and oxygen on the viability and culturability of a selected strain of acetobacter pasteurianus and a selected strain of brettanomyces bruxellensis in wine. | 2005 | 15752332 |
| acetobacter aceti possesses a proton motive force-dependent efflux system for acetic acid. | acetic acid bacteria are obligate aerobes able to oxidize ethanol, sugar alcohols, and sugars into their corresponding acids. among them, acetobacter and gluconacetobacter species have very high ethanol oxidation capacity, leading to accumulation of vast amounts of acetic acid outside the cell. since these bacteria are able to grow in media with high concentrations of acetic acid, they must possess a specific mechanism such as an efflux pump by which they can resist the toxic effects of acetic a ... | 2005 | 15968043 |
| correlation between acetic acid resistance and characteristics of pqq-dependent adh in acetic acid bacteria. | in this study, we compared the growth properties and molecular characteristics of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) among highly acetic acid-resistant strains of acetic acid bacteria. gluconacetobacter europaeus exhibited the highest resistance to acetic acid (10%), whereas gluconacetobacter intermedius and acetobacter pasteurianus resisted up to 6% of acetic acid. in media with different concentrations of acetic acid, the maximal acetic acid production rate of ... | 2006 | 16133326 |
| characterization of acetic acid bacteria in "traditional balsamic vinegar". | this study evaluated the glucose tolerance of acetic acid bacteria strains isolated from traditional balsamic vinegar. the results showed that the greatest hurdle to acetic acid bacteria growth is the high sugar concentration, since the majority of the isolated strains are inhibited by 25% of glucose. sugar tolerance is an important technological trait because traditional balsamic vinegar is made with concentrated cooked must. on the contrary, ethanol concentration of the cooked and fermented mu ... | 2006 | 16214251 |
| cloning and characterization of ethanol-regulated esterase genes in acetobacter pasteurianus. | the esterase encoding genes, est1 and est2, were cloned from acetobacter pasteurianus. nucleotide sequence analysis of est1 revealed a gene of 954 bp, and est1 coded for an arylesterase with a molecular weight of 34863 da consisting of 317 amino acids. the est2 gene contained an open reading frame composed of 1221 bp encoding an esterase with a molecular weight of 43389 da consisting of 406 amino acids. the est1 gene showed some similarity, but the est2 gene showed no significant homology to oth ... | 1999 | 16232420 |
| role of intracellular esterases in the production of esters by acetobacter pasteurianus. | esters are the major flavor compounds produced by acetobacter sp. during vinegar production. the two genes encoding the esterases in the bacteria were disrupted, and the effects of the disruptions studied. when cultured in the presence of ethanol, the est1 gene-disrupted mutant (de1k) did not produce any ethyl acetate or isoamyl acetate. however, the disruption of est2 did not affect the ester production. ethyl acetate production by n-23 (pme122p) and de1k (pme122p), which contain est1, was 1.7- ... | 2000 | 16232703 |
| quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase is involved in catabolic acetate production, while nad-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase in ethanol assimilation in acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108. | the relationship between quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and nad-dependent adh was studied by constructing quinoprotein adh-deficient mutants. quinoprotein adh-deficient mutants were successfully constructed from acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108 by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg) mutagenesis and also by adha gene disruption with a kanamycin cassette. the ntg mutant exhibited a complete loss of its acetate-producing ability and acetic acid resistance, while the disruptant also ... | 2003 | 16233574 |
| evolution of acetic acid bacteria during fermentation and storage of wine. | acetic acid bacteria were present at all stages of wine making, from the mature grape through vinification to conservation. a succession of gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter pasteurianus, and acetobacter aceti during the course of these stages was noted. low levels of a. aceti remained in the wine; they exhibited rapid proliferation on short exposure of the wine to air and caused significant increases in the concentration of acetic acid. higher temperature of wine storage and higher wine ph fav ... | 1984 | 16346581 |
| acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase: how a single mutation improves an antibiotic-producing enzyme. | the alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (aeh) from acetobacter turbidans is a bacterial enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis and synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. the crystal structures of the native enzyme, both unliganded and in complex with the hydrolysis product d-phenylglycine are reported, as well as the structures of an inactive mutant (s205a) complexed with the substrate ampicillin, and an active site mutant (y206a) with an increased tendency to catalyze antibiotic production rather than hy ... | 2006 | 16377627 |
| application of molecular methods for routine identification of acetic acid bacteria. | recently many new species of acetic acid bacteria have been described. the description and identification as new species was based on molecular techniques (sequencing of the 16s rrna gene, dna base ratio (% gc) determinations and dna-dna hybridisation) and phenotypic characterization. in the present paper, we propose a fast and reliable method for the identification most of the species currently described based on the rflp-pcr of the 16s rrna. according to the proposed protocol, 1 species can be ... | 2006 | 16386324 |
| putative abc transporter responsible for acetic acid resistance in acetobacter aceti. | two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of the membrane fraction of acetobacter aceti revealed the presence of several proteins that were produced in response to acetic acid. a 60-kda protein, named aata, which was mostly induced by acetic acid, was prepared; aata was cloned on the basis of its nh2-terminal amino acid sequence. aata, consisting of 591 amino acids and containing atp-binding cassette (abc) sequences and abc signature sequences, belonged to the abc transporter superfamily. the ... | 2006 | 16391084 |
| j1 acylase, a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase from bacillus laterosporus j1, is a member of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold superfamily. | j1 acylase, a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase (gca) isolated from bacillus laterosporus j1, has been conventionally grouped as the only member of class v gca, although its amino acid sequence shares less than 10% identity with members of other classes of gca. instead, it shows higher sequence similarities with rhodococcus sp. strain mb1 cocaine esterase (rhcoce) and acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (ataeh), members of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold superfamily. ... | 2006 | 16469317 |
| succession of bacterial and fungal communities during a traditional pot fermentation of rice vinegar assessed by pcr-mediated denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) based on small subunit rrna gene was applied to a traditional rice vinegar fermentation process in which the conversion of rice starch into acetic acid proceeded in a pot. the fungal dgge profile indicated that the transition from aspergillus oryzae to saccharomyces sp. took place at the initial stage at which alcohol production was observed. the early stage was characterized by the coexistence of saccharomyces sp. and lactic acid bacteria. almost a ... | 2006 | 16499984 |
| the low biomass yields of the acetic acid bacterium acetobacter pasteurianus are due to a low stoichiometry of respiration-coupled proton translocation. | growth energetics of the acetic acid bacterium acetobacter pasteurianus were studied with aerobic, ethanol-limited chemostat cultures. in these cultures, production of acetate was negligible. carbon limitation and energy limitation were also evident from the observation that biomass concentrations in the cultures were proportional to the concentration of ethanol in the reservoir media. nevertheless, low concentrations of a few organic metabolites (glycolate, citrate, and mannitol) were detected ... | 1997 | 16535681 |
| x-ray analysis of two antibiotic-synthesizing bacterial ester hydrolases: preliminary results. | alpha-amino-acid ester hydrolases are multimeric enzymes of potential use in antibiotic production. knowledge of their structure could help to engineer these enzymes into economically viable biocatalysts. the alpha-amino-acid ester hydrolases from xanthomonas citri and acetobacter turbidans have been crystallized. the x. citri enzyme crystallizes in a primitive monoclinic space group (unit-cell parameters a = 90.1, b = 125.8, c = 132.1 a, beta = 90.9 degrees ). the a. turbidans enzyme crystalliz ... | 2003 | 12499556 |
| steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen. | there is a close connection between modern-day biosynthesis of particular triterpenoid biomarkers and presence of molecular oxygen in the environment. thus, the detection of steroid and triterpenoid hydrocarbons far back in earth history has been used to infer the antiquity of oxygenic photosynthesis. this prompts the question: were these compounds produced similarly in the past? in this paper, we address this question with a review of the current state of knowledge surrounding the oxygen requir ... | 2006 | 16754609 |
| reclassification of gluconacetobacter hansenii strains and proposals of gluconacetobacter saccharivorans sp. nov. and gluconacetobacter nataicola sp. nov. | ten strains previously assigned to acetobacter hansenii (=gluconacetobacter hansenii), acetobacter pasteurianus lmg 1584 and eight reference strains of the genus gluconacetobacter were reclassified by 16s rrna gene sequencing, dna-dna similarity, dna base composition and phenotypic characteristics. the a. hansenii strains and a. pasteurianus lmg 1584 were included in the cluster of acetic acid bacteria (family acetobacteraceae) by 16s rrna gene sequences. further, they were separated into seven ... | 2006 | 16957106 |
| real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) and reverse transcription-qpcr for detection and enumeration of total yeasts in wine. | real-time pcr, or quantitative pcr (qpcr), has been developed to rapidly detect and quantify the total number of yeasts in wine without culturing. universal yeast primers were designed from the variable d1/d2 domains of the 26s rrna gene. these primers showed good specificity with all the wine yeasts tested, and they did not amplify the most representative wine species of acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. numerous standard curves were constructed with different strains and species g ... | 2006 | 17088381 |
| the microbiology of ghanaian cocoa fermentations analysed using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. | export of cocoa beans is of great economic importance in ghana and several other tropical countries. raw cocoa has an astringent unpleasant taste and a spontaneous fermentation is the first step in a process leading to cocoa beans with the characteristic cocoa flavour and taste. the microbiology of ghanaian cocoa fermentations was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. samples were collected at 12 hour intervals during 96-144 hour tray and traditional heap fermenta ... | 2007 | 17161485 |