| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the 72-kilodalton dehydrogenase subunit of alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter aceti. | a genomic library of acetobacter aceti dna was constructed by using a broad-host-range cosmid vector. complementation of a spontaneous alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient mutant resulted in the isolation of a plasmid designated paa701. subcloning and deletion analysis of paa701 limited the region that complemented the deficiency in alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the mutant. the nucleotide sequence of this region was determined and showed that this region contained the full structural gene for the ... | 1989 | 2722742 |
| growth inhibition of acetobacter aceti by l-threonine and l-homoserine: the primary regulation of the biosynthesis of amino acids of the aspartate family. | | 1974 | 4373525 |
| the effect of glucose on the utilization of ethanol by a strain of acetobacter aceti. | | 1972 | 5019325 |
| new restriction endonucleases from acetobacter aceti and bacillus aneurinolyticus. | two restriction endonucleases with new sequence specificities have been isolated from acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 and bacillus aneurinolyticus iam 1077 and named aatii and banii, respectively. based on analysis of the sequences around the restriction sites, the recognition sequences and cleavage sites of these endonucleases were deduced as below: (formula; see text) | 1982 | 6292849 |
| a new bacterial cellulose substrate for mammalian cell culture. a new bacterial cellulose substrate. | a new substrate for mammalian cell culture was developed using a cellulose membrane produced by acetobacter aceti. modification of the ionic charge of the membrane and adsorption of collagen to it promoted cellular adhesion to the membrane surface. the growth of eight kinds of cells on the membrane, was comparable to that achieved in plastic petri dishes. the membrane was tested for use in the production of recombinant erythroid differentiation factor (edf)/activin a using genetically engineered ... | 1993 | 7764575 |
| transformation of microorganisms with the plasmid vector with the replicon from pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria species was screened for the expression of the gram-negative plasmid pack5 and pact72 with replicon of pac1 plasmid from acetobacter pasteurianus. as was described previously, both plasmids were expressed in escherichia coli, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter aceti, shigella spp. and citrobacter spp. expressions of plasmids were successful in twelve species tested, comamonas terrigena, salmonella typhimurium, serratia marcescens, bacillus ... | 1995 | 7832808 |
| a family of is1031 elements in the genome of acetobacter xylinum: nucleotide sequences and strain distribution. | an insertion sequence (here called is1031a) from acetobacter xylinum atcc 23769 has recently been isolated. this study describes the complete nucleotide sequence of is1031a as well as the sequences of two novel iso-is1031 elements, is1031c and is1031d, from a. xylinum atcc 23769. the three iss are all exactly 930 bp long, have imperfect terminal inverted repeats of 24 bp for is1031a and 21 bp for is1031c and is1031d, are flanked by three base pair direct repeats, and contain an open reading fram ... | 1993 | 8412666 |
| the structure of the quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of acetobacter aceti modelled on that of methanol dehydrogenase from methylobacterium extorquens. | the 1.94 a structure of methanol dehydrogenase has been used to provide a model structure for part of a membrane quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase. the basic superbarrel structure and the active-site region are retained, indicating essentially similar mechanisms of action, but there are considerable differences in the external loops, particularly those involved in formation of the shallow funnel leading to the active site. | 1995 | 7772016 |
| construction of a brewer's yeast having alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase gene from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum integrated in the genome. | alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (aldc) gene from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum has several possible initiation codons in the n-terminus. to determine the initiation codon of the aldc giving the highest expression levels, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter was linked just upstream of each possible initiation codon. the aldc whose translation starts 130 bp downstream from the first atg codon had the highest activity in yeast cells. when expression levels of the aldc gene wer ... | 1994 | 7764564 |
| cloning and expression of the gene encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum in brewer's yeast. | acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum genomic library was constructed using cosmid pjb8 in escherichia coli. the gene encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (aldc) was isolated from the library by direct measurement of aldc activity. the aldc gene was expressed by its own promoter in e. coli. the nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open reading frame which may encode a protein composed of 304 amino acids with a molecular weight of 33,747 was found. a brewer's yeast was transformed with the ye ... | 1994 | 7764563 |
| cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the gene encoding the smallest subunit of the three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter pasteurianus. | the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetobacter pasteurianus nci1452 consists of three different subunits, a 78-kda dehydrogenase subunit, a 48-kda cytochrome c subunit, and a 20-kda subunit of unknown function. for elucidation of the function of the smallest subunit, this gene was cloned from this strain by the oligonucleotide-probing method, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence and the nh2-terminal sequence determined for the p ... | 1995 | 7665483 |
| generation mechanism and purification of an inactive form convertible in vivo to the active form of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase in gluconobacter suboxydans. | alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria is a membrane-bound quinohemoprotein-cytochrome c complex involved in vinegar production. in gluconobacter suboxydans grown under acidic growth conditions, it was found that adh content in the membranes was largely increased but the activity was not much changed, suggesting that such a condition produces an inactive form of adh (inactive adh). a similar phenomenon could be also observed in acetobacter aceti, another genus of acetic acid bacteri ... | 1995 | 7592433 |
| cytotoxic effects of several hopanoids on mouse leukemia l1210 and p388 cells. | the cytotoxic effects of hopanoids, including bacteriohopane-32, 33, 34, 35-tetrol (tetrol), bacteriohopane-32-ol (monol), diploptene, diplopterol and acetylated monol (aco-monol) isolated from acetobacter aceti, were tested against two leukemia cell lines. tetrol and monol have been shown to be toxic to mouse l1210 and p388 compared to the other hopanoids. by measuring the esr spectra of the spin labeled membranes of these cells, it was shown that the incorporation of monol resulted in a decrea ... | 1995 | 7550095 |
| nutritional requirements and biochemical activities of pineapple pink disease bacterial strains from hawaii. | bacteria which cause pink disease of pineapple, identified on the basis of their nutritional and biochemical activities, were found to belong to three genera. these bacteria include the following species: gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter aceti, and erwinia herbicola. several pink disease strains required one to three vitamins for growth. both g. oxydans strains 303d and 180 required biotin, nicotinic acid, and pantothenic acid for growth; e. herbicola 189 required only nicotinic acid; however, ... | 1980 | 7436404 |
| [auxotrophism dictated by the source of energy in acetobacter aceti]. | | 1967 | 5591333 |
| [effect of glucose on the energy charge and adenylate pool of acetobacter aceti]. | | 1974 | 4843092 |
| influence of glucose on adenine nucleotide levels and energy charge in acetobacter aceti. | | 1973 | 4764232 |
| pyrroloquinoline quinone: excretion by methylotrophs and growth stimulation for microorganisms. | a marked excretion of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) by methylotrophs into the culture medium was observed when incubation was prolonged to the late stationary phase. when the organisms were growing vigorously in the early exponential phase, accumulation of pqq was repressed at a low level. some evidence was obtained that the excretion of pqq is related to turnover of quinoproteins of the organisms. the growth stimulation of microorganisms by pqq was demonstrated using acetobacter aceti. the pre ... | 1988 | 2855583 |
| cytochrome a1 of acetobacter aceti is a cytochrome ba functioning as ubiquinol oxidase. | cytochrome a1 is a classic cytochrome that in the 1930s had already been detected in acetobacter strains and in the 1950s was identified as a terminal oxidase. however, recent studies did not substantiate the previous observations. we have detected a cytochrome a1-like chromophore in acetobacter aceti, which was purified and characterized in this study. the cytochrome was solubilized from membranes of the strain with octyl beta-d-glucopyranoside and was purified by single column chromatography. ... | 1990 | 2263637 |
| cloning of genes responsible for acetic acid resistance in acetobacter aceti. | five acetic acid-sensitive mutants of acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti no. 1023 were isolated by mutagenesis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. three recombinant plasmids that complemented the mutations were isolated from a gene bank of the chromosome dna of the parental strain constructed in escherichia coli by using cosmid vector pmvc1. one of these plasmids (par1611), carrying about a 30-kilobase-pair (kb) fragment that conferred acetic acid resistance to all five mutants, was further a ... | 1990 | 2156811 |
| change of the terminal oxidase from cytochrome a1 in shaking cultures to cytochrome o in static cultures of acetobacter aceti. | acetobacter aceti has an ability to grow under two different culture conditions, on shaking submerged cultures and on static pellicle-forming cultures. the respiratory chains of a. aceti grown on shaking and static cultures were compared, especially with respect to the terminal oxidase. little difference was detected in several oxidase activities and in cytochrome b and c contents between the respiratory chains of both types of cells. furthermore, the results obtained here suggested that the res ... | 1992 | 1729204 |
| isolation, sequencing, and mutagenesis of the gene encoding cytochrome c553i of paracoccus denitrificans and characterization of the mutant strain. | the periplasmically located cytochrome c553i of paracoccus denitrificans was purified from cells grown aerobically on choline as the carbon source. the purified protein was digested with trypsin to obtain several protein fragments. the n-terminal regions of these fragments were sequenced. on the basis of one of these sequences, a mix of 17-mer oligonucleotides was synthesized. by using this mix as a probe, the structural gene encoding cytochrome c553i (cycb) was isolated. the nucleotide sequence ... | 1991 | 1657873 |
| the legionella pneumophila iraab locus is required for iron assimilation, intracellular infection, and virulence. | legionella pneumophila, a facultative intracellular parasite of human alveolar macrophages and protozoa, causes legionnaires' disease. using mini-tn10 mutagenesis, we previously isolated a l. pneumophila mutant that was hypersensitive to iron chelators. this mutant, nu216, and its allelic equivalent, nu216r, were also defective for intracellular infection, particularly in iron-deficient host cells. to determine whether nu216r was attenuated for virulence, we assessed its ability to cause disease ... | 2000 | 10678909 |
| purification of restriction endonuclease from acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 (aatii) and its properties. | the restriction endonuclease aatii was purified from cell-free extracts of acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 by streptomycin treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, combined column chromatographies on deae-toyopearl 650s, heparin-sepharose cl-6b and deae-sepharose cl-6b and fplc on mono q and on superose 12 (gel filtration). the purified enzyme was homogeneous on sds-polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis. the relative molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 190,000 daltons by gel filtration. the ... | 1990 | 1369309 |
| homology in the structure and the prosthetic groups between two different terminal ubiquinol oxidases, cytochrome a1 and cytochrome o, of acetobacter aceti. | acetobacter aceti produces two different terminal oxidases dependent on the culture conditions, shaking and static cultures. cells grown on shaking culture contain cytochrome a1, while cytochrome o is present in cells grown on static culture. cytochrome a1 and cytochrome o of a. aceti were compared especially with respect to the protein structure and the prosthetic groups. cytochrome a1 exhibited lower cn sensitivity and higher affinity for o2 than cytochrome o. both terminal oxidases consisted ... | 1992 | 1332965 |
| glucose metabolism in acetobacter aceti. | acetobacter aceti ncib 8554 grows on a minimal medium with ethanol but not with glucose as carbon and energy source. addition of glucose to a wild type culture on ethanol has no influence on growth of the organism. growth of a glucose sensitive mutant a5 is inhibited by the addition of glucose until all glucose has disappeared from the medium. in order to determine the routes by which glucose is metabolised in wild type and mutant, radiorespirometric, enzymatic, and uptake experiments have been ... | 1977 | 907428 |
| bacteria in the leaf ecosystem with emphasis on pseudomonas syringae-a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. | the extremely large number of leaves produced by terrestrial and aquatic plants provide habitats for colonization by a diversity of microorganisms. this review focuses on the bacterial component of leaf microbial communities, with emphasis on pseudomonas syringae-a species that participates in leaf ecosystems as a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. among the diversity of bacteria that colonize leaves, none has received wider attention than p. syringae, as it gained notoriety for being the firs ... | 2000 | 10974129 |
| aflatoxin production by aspergillus parasiticus in a competitive environment. | aspergillus parasiticus nrrl 2999 was grown in the presence of rhizopus nigricans, saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetobacter aceti, or brevibacterium linens and aflatoxin concentration was determined after 3,5,7, and 10 days of incubation at 28c. r. nigricans and s. cerevisiae inhibited growth and aflatoxin production by a. parasiticus. b. linens caused slight inhibition and a. aceti stimulated growth and aflatoxin production by a. parasiticus. | 1977 | 339094 |
| characterization of the acetyl-coa synthetase of acetobacter aceti. | the acetate activating system of acetobacter aceti has been studied. the enzyme responsible, acetyl-coa synthetase, has been purified about 500-fold from crude cell extracts and was approximately 85% pure as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. the purified enzyme showed optimal activity at ph 7.6 in both tris-hcl and potassium phosphate buffers. in its purest form, the enzyme was stable at 4 degrees-c but denatured upon freezing. the km values for coa, atp an ... | 1976 | 12800 |
| catalytic and molecular properties of the quinohemoprotein tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol dehydrogenase from ralstonia eutropha strain bo. | the quinohemoprotein tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol dehydrogenase (thfa-dh) from ralstonia eutropha strain bo was investigated for its catalytic properties. the apparent k(cat)/k(m) and k(i) values for several substrates were determined using ferricyanide as an artificial electron acceptor. the highest catalytic efficiency was obtained with n-pentanol exhibiting a k(cat)/k(m) value of 788 x 10(4) m(-1) s(-1). the enzyme showed substrate inhibition kinetics for most of the alcohols and aldehydes inve ... | 2001 | 11222593 |
| cloning and sequencing the reca+ genes of acetobacter polyoxogenes and acetobacter aceti: construction of reca- mutants of by transformation-mediated gene replacement. | the reca+ gene of acetobacter polyoxogenes was cloned as a gene that conferred methyl methanesulfonate resistance (mmsr) on the reca- escherichia coli hb101. the cloned reca+ gene also conferred (i) resistance to uv irradiation, (ii) enhanced intrachromosomal recombination, and (iii) permitted prophage phi 80 induction in e. coli reca- lysogens. nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the reca product consists of 348 amino acids (aa) corresponding to 38 kda, and shows significant similar ... | 1993 | 8486287 |
| isolation and regulation of sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 loci induced by oxygen limitation. | eleven sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 loci whose expression was induced under low oxygen concentrations were identified in a collection of 5,000 strains carrying tn5-1063 (luxab) transcriptional reporter gene fusions. the 11 tn5-1063-tagged loci were cloned and characterized. the dependence of the expression of the tagged loci on the fixl/fixj oxygen-sensing two-component regulatory system was examined. three of the loci were found to be dependent upon fixl and fixj for their expression, while one ... | 2001 | 11472955 |
| characterization of the replicon from plasmid pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a panel of recombinant plasmids pack5 and pact7 was prepared by introducing kanamycin and tetracycline resistance into the partially split plasmid pac1 which contained replicon isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus. the replicon in plasmid pac1 is compatible with the cole1 replicon. compared to pbr322, the plasmid had more than 30 copies per chromosome in escherichia coli cells. plasmids were transformed into e. coli dh1, acetobacter pasteurianus 3614, acetobacter aceti 3620, shigella, citrobac ... | 1993 | 8447828 |
| proteins induced during adaptation of acetobacter aceti to high acetate concentrations. | as a typical product of microbial metabolism, the weak acid acetate is well known for its cytotoxic effects. in contrast to most other microbes, the so-called acetic acid bacteria can acquire significant resistance to high acetate concentrations when properly adapted to such hostile conditions. to characterize the molecular events that are associated with this adaptation, we analyzed global protein expression levels during adaptation of acetobacter aceti by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. a ... | 2001 | 11722895 |
| characterization of a cytochrome a1 that functions as a ubiquinol oxidase in acetobacter aceti. | the terminal oxidase for ethanol oxidation in acetobacter aceti was purified as a complex consisting of four subunits (subunits i, ii, iii, and iv) with molecular masses of 72, 34, 21, and 13 kda, respectively. spectrophotometric analysis and catalytic properties determined with the purified enzyme showed that it belonged to a family of cytochrome a1 (ba)-type ubiquinol oxidases. a polymerase chain reaction with two oligonucleotides designed for amino acid sequences that are conserved in subunit ... | 1993 | 8392509 |
| is1032 from acetobacter xylinum, a new mobile insertion sequence. | is1031 elements constitute a family of related insertion sequences (is) in acetobacter xylinum strains. a new is1031-related element, is1032, was isolated from a. xylinum atcc 23770. southern hybridization analysis showed that one or more sequences similar to is1032 are present in most of the a. xylinum strains examined. in addition, one copy was detected in acetobacter aceti atcc 15973. the transposition of is1032 was evident from the appearance of an extra insertion in a spontaneous exopolysac ... | 1994 | 7991672 |
| structure-function studies on the ubiquinol oxidation site of the cytochrome bo complex from escherichia coli using p-benzoquinones and substituted phenols. | to characterize the structural features of the quinol oxidation site (the ql site) of the cytochrome bo complex, a heme-copper respiratory oxidase in escherichia coli, we carried out structure-inhibitory potency analyses using 7 p-benzoquinones and 33 substituted phenols. their effects on its ubiquinol-1 oxidase activity were compared with those on the cytochrome bd complex in e. coli and on cytochromes o and alpha 1 in acetobacter aceti. they showed similar structural properties of the ql site, ... | 1994 | 7961851 |
| function of multiple heme c moieties in intramolecular electron transport and ubiquinone reduction in the quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase-cytochrome c complex of gluconobacter suboxydans. | alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria functions as the primary dehydrogenase of the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain, where it donates electrons to ubiquinone. adh is a membrane-bound quinohemoprotein-cytochrome c complex which consists of subunits i (78 kda), ii (48 kda), and iii (14 kda) and contains several hemes c as well as pyrroloquinoline quinone as prosthetic groups. to understand the role of the heme c moieties in the intramolecular electron transport and the ubiquinone r ... | 1996 | 8617755 |
| systematic study of the genus acetobacter with descriptions of acetobacter indonesiensis sp. nov., acetobacter tropicalis sp. nov., acetobacter orleanensis (henneberg 1906) comb. nov., acetobacter lovaniensis (frateur 1950) comb. nov., and acetobacter estunensis (carr 1958) comb. nov. | thirty-one acetobacter strains obtained from culture collections and 45 acetobacter strains isolated from indonesian sources were investigated for their phenotypic characteristics, ubiquinone systems, dna base compositions, and levels of dna-dna relatedness. of 31 reference strains, six showed the presence of ubiquinone 10 (q-10). these strains were eliminated from the genus acetobacter. the other 25 reference strains and 45 indonesian isolates were subjected to a systematic study and separated ... | 2000 | 12483588 |
| construction and screening of metagenomic libraries derived from enrichment cultures: generation of a gene bank for genes conferring alcohol oxidoreductase activity on escherichia coli. | enrichment of microorganisms with special traits and the construction of metagenomic libraries by direct cloning of environmental dna have great potential for identifying genes and gene products for biotechnological purposes. we have combined these techniques to isolate novel genes conferring oxidation of short-chain (c(2) to c(4)) polyols or reduction of the corresponding carbonyls. in order to favor the growth of microorganisms containing the targeted genes, samples collected from four differe ... | 2003 | 12620823 |
| cloning and expression of aatii restriction-modification system in escherichia coli. | the genes encoding the aatii restriction endonuclease and methylase from acetobacter aceti have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequences of aatiim and aatiir genes were determined. the aatiim and aatiir genes are 996 bp and 1038 bp, respectively, encoding the 331-aa methylase with a predicted molecular mass of 36.9 kda, and the 345-aa aatii restriction endonuclease with a predicted molecular mass of 38.9 kda. the two genes overlap by 4 base pairs and are transcribe ... | 1997 | 9034320 |
| the phylogeny of acetic acid bacteria based on the partial sequences of 16s ribosomal rna: the elevation of the subgenus gluconoacetobacter to the generic level. | thirty-six strains of acetic acid bacteria classified in the genera acetobacter, gluconobacter, and acidomonas were examined for their partial base sequences in positions 1220 through 1375, 156 bases, of 16s rrna. the strains of the q10-equipped gluconobacter species examined were divided into two subgroups, which included the type strains of gluconobacter oxydans, the type species of the genus gluconobacter, and of a second species, gluconobacter cerinus, respectively. the base differences numb ... | 1997 | 9301103 |
| resonance raman, infrared, and epr investigation on the binuclear site structure of the heme-copper ubiquinol oxidases from acetobacter aceti: effect of the heme peripheral formyl group substitution. | acetobacter aceti produces two different terminal ubiquinol oxidases (cytochromes a1 and o) depending on the culture conditions. two types of oxidases share a common protein moiety but with different heme components at the binuclear center (heme a for cytochrome a1 and heme o for cytochrome o). we investigated the structure of the binuclear site of the two oxidases using resonance raman, fourier transform-infrared (ft-ir), and epr spectroscopies to clarify the interactions of heme a formyl group ... | 1997 | 9335565 |
| acetate-specific stress response in acetate-resistant bacteria: an analysis of protein patterns. | many metabolic byproducts have toxic effects on bacteria, and acetic acid is an excellent model for such molecules. the negative effects of acetate, which include decreased growth rates and specific productivities, appear for escherichia coli at acetate concentrations lower than 5 g/l. acetic acid bacteria, however, are naturally resistant to the detrimental effects of acetate in their surroundings; they remain active at acetate levels well over 40 g/l. this study investigated the response to ac ... | 1997 | 9336975 |
| cocoa fermentations conducted with a defined microbial cocktail inoculum. | cocoa fermentations were performed in wooden boxes under the following four experimental regimens: beans naturally fermented with wild microflora; aseptically prepared beans with no inoculum; and beans inoculated with a defined cocktail containing microorganisms at a suitable concentration either at zero time or by using phased additions at appropriate times. the cocktail used consisted of a yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae var. chevalieri, two lactic acid bacterial species, lactobacillus lactis ... | 1998 | 9546184 |
| a strain of acetobacter aceti giving a positive cellulose reaction. | | 1958 | 13577811 |
| psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from arctic soil that degrade polychlorinated biphenyls at low temperatures | psychrotolerant polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-degrading bacteria were isolated at 7 degreesc from pcb-contaminated arctic soil by using biphenyl as the sole organic carbon source. these isolates were distinguished from each other by differences in substrates that supported growth and substrates that were oxidized. 16s ribosomal dna sequences suggest that these isolates are most closely related to the genus pseudomonas. total removal of aroclor 1242, and rates of removal of selected pcb congener ... | 1998 | 9835569 |
| pkg2, a novel transmembrane protein ser/thr kinase of streptomyces granaticolor. | a 4.2-kb sphi-bamhi fragment of chromosomal dna from streptomyces granaticolor was cloned and shown to encode a protein with significant sequence similarity to the eukaryotic protein serine/threonine kinases. it consists of 701 amino acids and in the n-terminal part contains all conserved catalytic domains of protein kinases. the c-terminal domain of pkg2 contains seven tandem repeats of 11 or 12 amino acids with similarity to the tryptophan-docking motif known to stabilize a symmetrical three-d ... | 1999 | 9864307 |
| pigment-producing strains of acetobacter aceti. | | 1960 | 13849324 |
| enhancement of cellulose production by expression of sucrose synthase in acetobacter xylinum. | higher plants efficiently conserve energy atp in cellulose biosynthesis by expression of sucrose synthase, in which the high free energy between glucose and fructose in sucrose can be conserved and used for the synthesis of udp-glucose. a mixture of sucrose synthase and bacterial cellulose synthase proceeded to form udp-glucose from sucrose plus udp and to synthesize 1,4-beta-glucan from the sugar nucleotide. the mutant sucrose synthase, which mimics phosphorylated sucrose synthase, enhanced the ... | 1999 | 9874763 |
| the quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of gluconobacter suboxydans has ubiquinol oxidation activity at a site different from the ubiquinone reduction site. | alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria functions as the primary dehydrogenase of the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain, where it donates electrons to ubiquinone. in addition to the reduction of ubiquinone, adhs of gluconobacter suboxydans and acetobacter aceti were shown to have a novel function in the oxidation of ubiquinol. the oxidation activity of ubiquinol was detected as an ubiquinol:ferricyanide oxidoreductase activity, which can be monitored by selected wavelength pairs at 2 ... | 1999 | 9878716 |
| outer membrane changes in a toluene-sensitive mutant of toluene-tolerant pseudomonas putida ih-2000. | we isolated a toluene-sensitive mutant, named mutant no. 32, which showed unchanged antibiotic resistance levels, from toluene-tolerant pseudomonas putida ih-2000 by transposon mutagenesis with tn5. the gene disrupted by insertion of tn5 was identified as cyoc, which is one of the subunits of cytochrome o. the membrane protein, phospholipid, and lipopolysaccharide (lps) of ih-2000 and that of mutant no. 32 were examined and compared. some of the outer membrane proteins showed a decrease in mutan ... | 1999 | 10419944 |
| [the influence of temperature on the activity of acetobacter aceti in submerged cultures]. | | 1963 | 14137784 |
| roles of cellulose and xyloglucan in determining the mechanical properties of primary plant cell walls | the primary cell walls of growing and fleshy plant tissue mostly share a common set of molecular components, cellulose, xyloglucan (xyg), and pectin, that are required for both inherent strength and the ability to respond to cell expansion during growth. to probe molecular mechanisms underlying material properties, cell walls and analog composites from acetobacter xylinus have been measured under small deformation and uniaxial extension conditions as a function of molecular composition. small de ... | 1999 | 10517858 |
| [continuous submerged culture of acetobacter aceti in a synthetic medium]. | | 1964 | 14238149 |
| the respiratory system and diazotrophic activity of acetobacter diazotrophicus pal5. | the characteristics of the respiratory system of acetobacter diazotrophicus pal5 were investigated. increasing aeration (from 0.5 to 4.0 liters of air min(-1) liter of medium(-1)) had a strong positive effect on growth and on the diazotrophic activity of cultures. cells obtained from well-aerated and diazotrophically active cultures possessed a highly active, membrane-bound electron transport system with dehydrogenases for nadh, glucose, and acetaldehyde as the main electron donors. ethanol, suc ... | 1999 | 10559164 |
| polyphasic study of the spatial distribution of microorganisms in mexican pozol, a fermented maize dough, demonstrates the need for cultivation-independent methods to investigate traditional fermentations. | the distribution of microorganisms in pozol balls, a fermented maize dough, was investigated by a polyphasic approach in which we used both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, including microbial enumeration, fermentation product analysis, quantification of microbial taxa with 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes, determination of microbial fingerprints by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and 16s ribosomal dna gene sequencing. our results demonstrate that dgge f ... | 1999 | 10584005 |
| metabolic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | comprehensive knowledge regarding saccharomyces cerevisiae has accumulated over time, and today s. cerevisiae serves as a widley used biotechnological production organism as well as a eukaryotic model system. the high transformation efficiency, in addition to the availability of the complete yeast genome sequence, has facilitated genetic manipulation of this microorganism, and new approaches are constantly being taken to metabolicially engineer this organism in order to suit specific needs. in t ... | 2000 | 10704473 |
| real-time pcr assay for detection and enumeration of dekkera bruxellensis in wine. | traditional methods to detect the spoilage yeast dekkera bruxellensis from wine involve lengthy enrichments. to overcome this difficulty, we developed a quantitative real-time pcr method to directly detect and enumerate d. bruxellensis in wine. specific pcr primers to d. bruxellensis were designed to the 26s rrna gene, and nontarget yeast and bacteria common to the winery environment were not amplified. the assay was linear over a range of cell concentrations (6 log units) and could detect as li ... | 2003 | 14660395 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of the pathway in pantoea citrea leading to pink disease of pineapple. | pink disease of pineapple, caused by pantoea citrea, is characterized by a dark coloration on fruit slices after autoclaving. this coloration is initiated by the oxidation of glucose to gluconate, which is followed by further oxidation of gluconate to as yet unknown chromogenic compounds. to elucidate the biochemical pathway leading to pink disease, we generated six coloration-defective mutants of p. citrea that were still able to oxidize glucose into gluconate. three mutants were found to be af ... | 2000 | 10735866 |
| application of molecular methods for the differentiation of acetic acid bacteria in a red wine fermentation. | to apply rapid and reliable molecular techniques for typing acetic acid bacteria and studying their population dynamics during wine-making processes. | 2004 | 15012825 |
| bacterial response to acetate challenge: a comparison of tolerance among species. | although acetate formation and tolerance are important criteria for various aspects of biotechnological process development, available studies on acetate tolerance in different species are disparate. we evaluate the response of eight bacterial strains, including two variants of escherichia coli, two variants of staphylococcus capitis, and one each of acetobacter aceti, gluconobacter suboxydans, lactobacillus acetotolerans, and l. bulgaricus, to acetate challenges under identical conditions. our ... | 2000 | 10968640 |
| effect of glycine betaine on osmoadaptation of propionibacterium acidipropionici cultivated in elevated osmolarities. | the sensitivity of industrial strains acetobacter aceti, gluconobacter frateurii, and propionibacterium acidipropionici to osmotic stress was studied. growth of a. aceti and g. frateurii was totally inhibited at 0.4 m nacl concentration, but p. acidipropionici was able to grow on a medium containing 1.2 m nacl. addition of glycine betaine to the medium had no detectable osmoprotective effect on a. aceti and g. frateurii cultivations in elevated nacl concentrations, but it enabled cells of p. aci ... | 2000 | 11131399 |
| direct incorporation of glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine into exopolymers by gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) atcc 10245: production of chitosan-cellulose and chitin-cellulose exopolymers. | gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) atcc 10245 incorporated 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (glucosamine) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (n-acetylglucosamine), but not 3-o-methyl-d-glucose or 2-deoxy-d-glucose into exopolymers. incorporation was confirmed by gas chromatography with and without mass spectrometry, fourier transform infrared, and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance. the average molar percentage of glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine in the exopolymers was about 18%. | 2001 | 11525993 |
| [effect of glucose on the process of oxidation of sorbose by acetobacter aceti]. | | 1950 | 15412606 |
| [acetobacter aceti in speedy production of acetic acid]. | | 1950 | 15412608 |
| a gene encoding phosphatidylethanolamine n-methyltransferase from acetobacter aceti and some properties of its disruptant. | phosphatidylcholine (pc) is a major component of membranes not only in eukaryotes, but also in several bacteria, including acetobacter. to identify the pc biosynthetic pathway and its role in acetobacter sp., we have studied acetobacter aceti ifo3283, which is characterized by high ethanol oxidizing ability and high resistance to acetic acid. the pmt gene of a. aceti, encoding phosphatidylethanolamine n-methyltransferase (pmt), which catalyzes methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) to pc, ... | 2001 | 11826972 |
| kozakia baliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium in the alpha-proteobacteria. | four bacterial strains were isolated from palm brown sugar and ragi collected in bali and yogyakarta, indonesia, by an enrichment culture approach for acetic acid bacteria. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the four isolates constituted a cluster separate from the genera acetobacter, gluconobacter, acidomonas, gluconacetobacter and asaia with a high bootstrap value in a phylogenetic tree. the isolates had high values of dna-dna similarity (78-100%) between one an ... | 2002 | 12054243 |
| acetobacter aceti possesses a proton motive force-dependent efflux system for acetic acid. | acetic acid bacteria are obligate aerobes able to oxidize ethanol, sugar alcohols, and sugars into their corresponding acids. among them, acetobacter and gluconacetobacter species have very high ethanol oxidation capacity, leading to accumulation of vast amounts of acetic acid outside the cell. since these bacteria are able to grow in media with high concentrations of acetic acid, they must possess a specific mechanism such as an efflux pump by which they can resist the toxic effects of acetic a ... | 2005 | 15968043 |
| fermentability of grape must after inhibition with dimethyl dicarbonate (dmdc). | dimethyl dicarbonate (dmdc) was added to grape must and to synthetic media and results showed that, at 20 degrees c, 150 mg.l(-)(1) dmdc completely inhibited the fermentation of a grape must that was previously inoculated with 10(6) cells.ml(-)(1) saccharomyces bayanus and saccharomyces uvarum. brettanomyces intermedius, candida guilliermondii, hansenula jadinii, hansenula petersonii, kloeckera apiculata, pichia membranaefaciens, and saccharomyces cerevisiae were inhibited by 250 mg.l(-)(1). can ... | 2002 | 12236685 |
| re-examination of the genus acetobacter, with descriptions of acetobacter cerevisiae sp. nov. and acetobacter malorum sp. nov. | thirty-four acetobacter strains, representing acetobacter aceti, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter pomorum, acetobacter peroxydans, acetobacter lovaniensis, acetobacter estunensis, acetobacter orleanensis, acetobacter indonesiensis and acetobacter tropicalis, were subjected to a polyphasic study that included dna-dna hybridizations, dna base ratio determinations, 16s rdna sequence analysis and phenotypic characterization. two novel species are proposed, acetobacter cerevisiae sp. nov. and ac ... | 2002 | 12361257 |
| 5-keto-d-gluconate production is catalyzed by a quinoprotein glycerol dehydrogenase, major polyol dehydrogenase, in gluconobacter species. | acetic acid bacteria, especially gluconobacter species, have been known to catalyze the extensive oxidation of sugar alcohols (polyols) such as d-mannitol, glycerol, d-sorbitol, and so on. gluconobacter species also oxidize sugars and sugar acids and uniquely accumulate two different keto-d-gluconates, 2-keto-d-gluconate and 5-keto-d-gluconate, in the culture medium by the oxidation of d-gluconate. however, there are still many controversies regarding their enzyme systems, especially on d-sorbit ... | 2003 | 12676670 |
| overexpression of the atp-dependent helicase recg improves resistance to weak organic acids in escherichia coli. | increased resistance to several weak organic acids was conferred on escherichia coli by overexpression of the atp-dependent helicase recg and, to a lesser extent, by overexpressing the helicase ruvab. this property of helicases was identified by reproducible selection of recg-bearing clones from genomic libraries of the acetate-resistant species acetobacter aceti and staphylococcus capitis. we show that overexpression of recg from both species, but also from e. coli, increased the maximum biomas ... | 2003 | 12898065 |
| growth characteristics and oxidative capacity of acetobacter aceti ifo 3281: implications for l-ribulose production. | we studied the growth characteristics and oxidative capacities of acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 in batch and chemostat cultures. in batch culture, glycerol was the best growth substrate and growth on ethanol occurred only after 6 days delay, although ethanol was rapidly oxidized to acetic acid. in continuous culture, both glycerol and ethanol were good growth substrates with similar characteristics. resting cells in a bioreactor oxidized ribitol to l-ribulose with a maximal specific rate of 1.2 g g ... | 2004 | 12898066 |
| long-term continuous evolution of acetate resistant acetobacter aceti. | elevated concentrations of cytotoxic acetate are found in many environmental niches, and few species are relatively resistant to acetate. in particular the high-level acetate resistance of so-called acetic acid bacteria that occurs in industrial settings must be constantly selected for. to investigate the nature of such high-level resistance, we grew the moderately acetate-resistant acetobacter aceti wild-type and acetate-sensitive escherichia coli in long-term continuous cultures with increasin ... | 2003 | 12910541 |
| [studies on bioxidation. v. isolation of a cytochrome system from acetobacter aceti ferment]. | | 1958 | 13536054 |
| oxidation of several substrates by acetobacter aceti. | | 1959 | 13641208 |
| activity of a substance extracted from the fermentation products of acetobacter aceti on ehrlich's ascites tumour cells. | | 1960 | 13848527 |
| enzymological studies on acetobacter aceti. | | 1961 | 13861800 |
| patterns of oxidative assimilation in strains of acetobacter and azotobacter. | tomlinson, geraldine a. (the university of british columbia, vancouver, b.c., canada), and j. j. r. campbell. patterns of oxidative assimilation in strains of acetobacter and azotobacter. j. bacteriol. 86:1165-1172. 1963.-oxidative assimilation of glucose-u-c(14) was studied with washed-cell suspensions of acetobacter aceti, a. xylinum, azotobacter vinelandii, and a. agilis. the suggestion that oxidative assimilation is largely the incorporation of endogenously produced ammonia is tenable. a. ac ... | 1963 | 14086085 |
| metabolism of c2 compounds in acetobacter aceti. | | 1963 | 14108441 |
| deoxyribonucleic acid hybrids of acetic acid bacteria. | de ley, j. (state university, ghent, belgium), and s. friedman. deoxyribonucleic acid hybrids of acetic acid bacteria. j. bacteriol. 88:937-945. 1964.-deuterated n(15)-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from acetobacter aceti (mesoxydans 4) forms hybrids with ordinary dna from other species of this genus (a. xylinum, a. pasteurianus, a. estunensis, and possibly a. xylinoides) when the guanine plus cytosine base composition does not vary by more than 1 to 2%. beyond this limit (a. aceti ch31 and ... | 1964 | 14219057 |
| [some problems in the morphology of acetobacter aceti. ii. on the flagella of acetobacter and the importance of this feature for systematology]. | | 1964 | 14296564 |
| [some problems in the morphology of acetobacter aceti. i. on the involution forms of acetobacter aceti]. | | 1964 | 14298262 |
| design and evaluation of pcr primers for analysis of bacterial populations in wine by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of pcr-amplified ribosomal dna (rdna) is routinely used to compare levels of diversity of microbial communities and to monitor population dynamics. while using pcr-dgge to examine the bacteria in wine fermentations, we noted that several commonly used pcr primers for amplifying bacterial 16s rdna also coamplified yeast, fungal, or plant dna present in samples. unfortunately, amplification of nonbacterial dna can result in a masking of bacterial popu ... | 2003 | 14602643 |
| lessons from the genome sequence of neurospora crassa: tracing the path from genomic blueprint to multicellular organism. | we present an analysis of over 1,100 of the approximately 10,000 predicted proteins encoded by the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. seven major areas of neurospora genomics and biology are covered. first, the basic features of the genome, including the automated assembly, gene calls, and global gene analyses are summarized. the second section covers components of the centromere and kinetochore complexes, chromatin assembly and modification, and transcription and trans ... | 2004 | 15007097 |
| alanine racemase from the acidophile acetobacter aceti. | acetobacter aceti converts ethanol to acetic acid, and survives acetic acid exposure by tolerating cytoplasmic acidification. alanine racemase (alr) is a pyridoxal 5' phosphate (plp) -dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the d- and l-isomers of alanine and has a basic ph optimum. since d-alanine is essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis, alr must somehow function in the acidic cytoplasm of a. aceti. we report the partial purification of native a. aceti alr (aaalr) and evidenc ... | 2007 | 16843006 |
| characterization of acetic acid bacteria in traditional acetic acid fermentation of rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) produced in japan. | bacterial strains were isolated from samples of japanese rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) fermented by the traditional static method. fermentations have never been inoculated with a pure culture since they were started in 1907. a total of 178 isolates were divided into groups a and b on the basis of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr and random amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting analyses. the 16s ribosomal dna sequences of strains belonging to eac ... | 2001 | 11157275 |
| differentiation of lactobacillus plantarum, l. pentosus, and l. paraplantarum by reca gene sequence analysis and multiplex pcr assay with reca gene-derived primers. | in this study, we succeeded in differentiating lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus pentosus, and lactobacillus paraplantarum by means of reca gene sequence comparison. short homologous regions of about 360 bp were amplified by pcr with degenerate consensus primers, sequenced, and analyzed, and 322 bp were considered for the inference of phylogenetic trees. phylograms, obtained by parsimony, maximum likelihood, and analysis of data matrices with the neighbor-joining model, were coherent and cl ... | 2001 | 11472918 |
| analysis of replication region of the cryptic plasmid pag20 from acetobacter aceti 3620. | the dna sequence of small cryptic plasmid pag20 in acetobacter aceti was determined at 3064 bp with 51.6% gc pairs. the plasmid encoded a 186 amino acid protein which is important for plasmid replication in gram-negative bacteria except escherichia coli. two 21 bp large direct repeat sequence 1 and two 13 bp direct repeat sequence 2 were determined in the regulation region upstream from gene encoded rep protein. vector pag24 with kanamycin gene and two deletion derivatives pag25 and pag26 withou ... | 2005 | 15670745 |
| the presence of acetobacter sp. in ensiled forage crops and ensiled industrial byproducts. | the presence of acetic acid bacteria (aab) in whole crop maize silage, whole crop wheat silage, pressed sugar beet pulp silage, grass silage and brewer's grains silage was investigated. aab could be isolated from whole crop maize silage, whole crop wheat silage and pressed sugar beet pulp silage, but could not be detected in grass silage (> 100 silo's tested) or brewer's grains silage (5 silo's tested). thirty aab isolates were characterized to genus level. all isolates, i.e. 20 from whole crop ... | 2001 | 15954628 |
| application of molecular methods to demonstrate species and strain evolution of acetic acid bacteria population during wine production. | the growth of acetic acid bacteria on grapes or throughout the winemaking process influences the quality of wine, mainly because it increases the volatile acidity. the objective of this study was to analyse how the acetic acid bacteria population evolves in the changing environment of the grape surface and during wine fermentation. we have analysed the influence of yeast inoculation and so2 addition on acetic acid bacteria populations. these bacteria were analysed at both the species and the str ... | 2005 | 16014297 |
| characterization of acetic acid bacteria in "traditional balsamic vinegar". | this study evaluated the glucose tolerance of acetic acid bacteria strains isolated from traditional balsamic vinegar. the results showed that the greatest hurdle to acetic acid bacteria growth is the high sugar concentration, since the majority of the isolated strains are inhibited by 25% of glucose. sugar tolerance is an important technological trait because traditional balsamic vinegar is made with concentrated cooked must. on the contrary, ethanol concentration of the cooked and fermented mu ... | 2006 | 16214251 |
| vulnerability of pathogenic biofilms to micavibrio aeruginosavorus. | the host specificity of the gram-negative exoparasitic predatory bacterium micavibrio aeruginosavorus was examined. m. aeruginosavorus preyed on pseudomonas aeruginosa, as previously reported, as well as burkholderia cepacia, klebsiella pneumoniae, and numerous clinical isolates of these species. in a static assay, a reduction in biofilm biomass was observed as early as 3 hours after exposure to m. aeruginosavorus, and an approximately 100-fold reduction in biofilm cell viability was detected fo ... | 2007 | 17098913 |
| vulnerability of pathogenic biofilms to micavibrio aeruginosavorus. | the host specificity of the gram-negative exoparasitic predatory bacterium micavibrio aeruginosavorus was examined. m. aeruginosavorus preyed on pseudomonas aeruginosa, as previously reported, as well as burkholderia cepacia, klebsiella pneumoniae, and numerous clinical isolates of these species. in a static assay, a reduction in biofilm biomass was observed as early as 3 hours after exposure to m. aeruginosavorus, and an approximately 100-fold reduction in biofilm cell viability was detected fo ... | 2007 | 17098913 |
| new vinegar production from onions. | the possibility of producing a new type of vinegar from worthless onions, which fail to meet the quality standards required for marketing, was investigated. several kinds of onion were initially tested as raw material for vinegar production, and vinegar was successfully produced from the juice of a red onion, the cultivar kurenai, by batch culture using yeast and acetobacter aceti. nutritional analysis revealed that the potassium content of onion vinegar was extremely high, while the amount of s ... | 1999 | 16232584 |
| biochemical preparation of l-ribose and l-arabinose from ribitol: a new approach. | l-ribose and l-arabinose were prepared biochemically from ribitol via a two-step reaction, by which the complete oxidation of ribitol to l-ribulose (approximately 98%) was achieved by the reaction of washed cells of acetobacter aceti ifo 3281. the produced l-ribulose was then used as a substrate for the production of l-ribose and l-arabinose. the isomerization of l-ribulose to l-ribose and l-arabinose was carried out using l-ribose isomerase (l-ri) of acinetobacter sp. strain dl-28 and l-arabino ... | 1999 | 16232643 |
| production of d-lyxose from d-glucose by microbial and enzymatic reactions. | d-arabitol was first prepared from d-glucose using candida famata r28. the reaction gave 5.0% d-arabitol from 10.0% d-glucose. d-arabitol was then almost completely converted to d-xylulose using acetobacter aceti ifo 3281. finally, d-lyxose was prepared from d-xylulose enzymatically using l-ribose isomerase from toluene-treated cells of acinetobacter sp. strain dl-28. the isomerization reaction progressed steadily and the concentration of d-xylulose increased from 1.0 to 10.0%. about 70% of d-xy ... | 1999 | 16232684 |
| native microbial colonization of drosophila melanogaster and its use as a model of enterococcus faecalis pathogenesis. | enterococci are commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal (gi) tracts of a broad range of mammalian and insect hosts, but they are also leading causes of nosocomial infection. little is known about the ecological role of enterococci in the gi tract consortia. to develop a tractable model for studying the roles of these organisms as commensals and pathogens, we characterized the drosophila melanogaster microflora and examined the occurrence of enterococci in the gastrointestinal consortium of d ... | 2007 | 17220307 |
| purification and molecular characterization of a quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes ifo 14464. | we have cloned and verified a gene for a novel quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) from pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes ifo 14464 that has the ability to oxidize l-sorbose to 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-klga). the enzyme was purified from the soluble fraction of the bacterium and was estimated to be a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 65 kda from the analyses of sds-page and gel-filtration chromatography. an open reading frame of 1824 bp for 608 amino acid residues was estimat ... | 2001 | 16233140 |