| [isolation and fermentation conditions of polyvinyl alcohol-degrading enzyme producing strain]. | a bacterium d8 strain which high efficiently degrading pva was isolated from waste water of factory. the strain possesses the abilities of completely degrading 0.5 per cent of pva (500, 1700) included in the culture medium for four days. it was identified pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. fermentation conditions of the strain have been investigated. the suitable medium consisted of pva 1.5% (nh4)2so40.1%, k2hpo4 0.24%, kh2po4 0.04%, mgso4.7h2o 0.035%, nacl 0.01%, feso4 0.001%, yeast extract 0.15%, ... | 1989 | 2686166 |
| purification and characterization of nitrobenzene nitroreductase from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. | pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45 grows on nitrobenzene as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. the catabolic pathway involves reduction to hydroxylaminobenzene followed by rearrangement to o-amino-phenol and ring fission (s. f. nishino and j. c. spain, appl. environ. microbiol. 59:2520, 1993). a nitrobenzene-inducible, oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase was purified from extracts of js45 by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. a ... | 1995 | 7601851 |
| glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli associated with clinical veterinary specimens. | glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (nfb) have been recognized recently as opportunistic pathogens of humans. with few exceptions, strains of nfb have not been considered important enough to be identified when isolated from animals. in this study, all nfb isolated during a 1-year period in a clinical veterinary microbiology laboratory were identified to determine their prevalence. of the 347 strains of nfb obtained, the most common species were pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter calco ... | 1982 | 7107835 |
| growth of non-campylobacter, oxidase-positive bacteria on selective campylobacter agar. | a total of 67 oxidase-positive, gram-negative bacteria were tested for growth on selective campylobacter agar (blaser formulation, bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.) at 42 degrees c under microaerophilic conditions. although the growth of most of these bacteria was prevented, all strains of achromobacter xylosoxidans, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putrefaciens, pseudomonas alcaligenes, and pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes grew as well as campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. | 1982 | 6179961 |
| efficient degradation of trichloroethylene by a hybrid aromatic ring dioxygenase. | engineering of hybrid gene clusters between the toluene metabolic tod operon and the biphenyl metabolic bph operon greatly enhanced the rate of biodegradation of trichloroethylene. escherichia coli cells carrying a hybrid gene cluster composed of todc1 (the gene encoding the large subunit of toluene terminal dioxygenase in pseudomonas putida f1), bpha2 (the gene encoding the small subunit of biphenyl terminal dioxygenase in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707), bpha3 (the gene encoding ferredoxi ... | 1994 | 8144482 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase gene of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. | 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase, which catalyzes ring metacleavage of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, is encoded by the bphc gene of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 (k. furukawa and t. miyazaki, j. bacteriol. 166:392-398, 1986). we determined the nucleotide sequence of a dna fragment of 2,040 base pairs which included the bphc gene. the fragment included one open reading frame of 912 base pairs to accommodate the enzyme. the predicted processed amino acid sequence of the enzyme subunit consisted of ... | 1987 | 3793719 |
| purification and properties of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase from polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying the cloned bphc gene. | 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase, involved in biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degradation, was purified from cell extracts of polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1161 carrying the cloned bphc gene (encoding 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase). the purified enzyme contained ferrous iron as a prosthetic group. the specific activities decreased with the loss of ferrous iron from the enzyme, and the activity was restored by incub ... | 1987 | 3100508 |
| [isolation and identification of a pathogen of grasshoppers]. | a pathogen was isolated from natural dead pests of ceracris kiangsu in geleshan farm of chongqin. its pathogenecity was confirmed by the law of kock. it was identified as pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes according to its physiological and biochemical properties as well as the g + c content of dna (63.73mol%). the results of preliminary bioassay show that the pathogen can infect the grasshoppers and ceracris kiangsu, and also can infect other pests of grassland in a certain extent. | 1995 | 7483577 |
| cloning and sequencing of two tandem genes involved in degradation of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl to benzoic acid in the polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading soil bacterium pseudomonas sp. strain kks102. | two genes involved in the degradation of biphenyl were isolated from a gene library of a polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading soil bacterium, pseudomonas sp. strain kks102, by using a broad-host-range cosmid vector, pks13. when a 3.2-kilobase (kb) psti fragment of a 29-kb cosmid dna insert was subcloned into puc18 at the psti site downstream of the lacz promoter, escherichia coli cells carrying this recombinant plasmid expressed 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase activity. nucleotide sequencing of ... | 1989 | 2540155 |
| serum antibodies to pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in metal workers exposed to infected metal-working fluids. | metal workers exposed to aerosol from metal-working fluid were examined with respect to serum antibody to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. during 1 year of observation this species grew at high concentrations in the fluid (approximately 10(8) cfu/ml), and the air surrounding the metal-working machines sometimes contained more than 10(5) cfu/m3. the levels of antibody belonging to the igg and iga classes were significantly higher than in blood donors and in workers n ... | 1989 | 2722255 |
| toluene degradation by pseudomonas putida f1. nucleotide sequence of the todc1c2bade genes and their expression in escherichia coli. | the nucleotide sequence of the todc1c2bade genes which encode the first three enzymes in the catabolism of toluene by pseudomonas putida f1 was determined. the genes encode the three components of the toluene dioxygenase enzyme system: reductasetol (toda), ferredoxintol (todb), and the two subunits of the terminal dioxygenase (todc1c2); (+)-cis-(1s, 2r)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase (todd); and 3-methylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase (tode). knowledge of the nucleotide sequence of ... | 1989 | 2670929 |
| pyrimidine base and ribonucleoside utilization by the pseudomonas alcaligenes group. | pyrimidine base and ribonucleoside utilization was investigated in the two type strains of the pseudomonas alcaligenes group. as sole sources of nitrogen, the pyrimidine bases uracil, thymine and cytosine as well as the dihydropyrimidine bases dihydrouracil and dihydrothymine supported the growth of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes atcc 17440 but neither these bases nor pyrimidine nucleosides supported pseudomonas alcaligens atcc 14909 growth. ribose, deoxyribose, pyrimidine and dihydropyrimidine b ... | 1991 | 1883229 |
| microbial growth and accumulation in industrial metal-working fluids. | the dynamics of microbial growth in metal-working fluids (mwf) and the effect of the addition of biocides were studied in large fluid systems, in this case, one central tank which holds 150 m3. in this system, populations of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (greater than 10(8) cfu/ml) were sustained for a year, although large quantities of biocides were added. quantitation of 3-oh lauric acid, a marker for many pseudomonas spp., by gas chromatography indicated that the bacterial biomass exceeded th ... | 1989 | 2604406 |
| thymidine salvage in pseudomonas stutzeri and pseudomonas aeruginosa provided by heterologous expression of escherichia coli thymidine kinase gene. | unlike enteric bacteria, pseudomonas spp. generally lack thymidine phosphorylase and thymidine kinase activities, thus preventing their utilization of exogenous thymine or thymidine and precluding specific radioactive labeling of their dna in vivo. to overcome this limitation, a dna fragment encoding thymidine kinase (ec 2.7.1.21) from escherichia coli was cloned into pkt230, a small, broad-host-range plasmid derived from plasmid rsf1010. from transformed e. coli colonies, the recombinant plasmi ... | 1985 | 3924894 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of the 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase gene from the pcb-degrading strain of pseudomonas paucimobilis q1. | the bphc gene encoding 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase was cloned from biphenyl-degrading and chlorinated biphenyl-degrading pseudomonas paucimobilis q1, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the dna-derived protein sequence provides the primary structure of 298 amino acids. polyclonal antibodies raised against this protein from p. paucimobilis q1 failed to cross-react with the previously isolated 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 [furuka ... | 1988 | 3137968 |
| gene-specific transposon mutagenesis of the biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl-degradation-controlling bph operon in soil bacteria. | a transposon, tn5-b21, was gene-specifically inserted into the chromosomal biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl-catabolic operon (bph operon) of soil bacteria. the cloned bpha, bphb and bphc genes of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707, coding for conversion of biphenyl into a ring meta-cleavage product (2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid), carried random insertions of tn5-b21. the mutagenized bphabc dna, carried by a suicide plasmid, was introduced back into the parent strain kf707, res ... | 1991 | 1849495 |
| the species composition of oligotrophic bacterial communities of lake balaton--a numerical analysis. | from among the 565 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, oligotrophic bacterial isolated obtained from the open water region of the balatonfüred-bay, 58 representative strains were selected for detailed taxonomic-physiological studies and numerical analyses as well as simultaneous comparisons with authentic bacterial strains isolated earlier by langó (1987) from different water habitat of the lake balaton. on the basis of 186 ceded differential diagnostic characteristics involved in these analyse ... | 1996 | 9147724 |
| highly conserved coding sequences in polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-degraders of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and pseudomonas putida kf715. | sixteen strains that utilize biphenyl or polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) as the sole source of carbon and energy have previously been isolated. nucleotide sequence of the bphabcxd operon (11 kb) of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 has now been determined. when bphd region is compared with the previously reported bphd sequence of another pcb-degrader, pseudomonas putida kf715, homologies at the level of nucleotides as well as amino acids are as high as 96%. moreover, both bphabcxd operon (kf707 ... | 1991 | 1842046 |
| cloning of a gene cluster encoding biphenyl and chlorobiphenyl degradation in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. | a gene cluster encoding biphenyl- and chlorobiphenyl-degrading enzymes was cloned from a soil pseudomonad into pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1161. chromosomal dna from polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 was digested with restriction endonuclease xhoi and cloned into the unique xhoi site of broad-host-range plasmid pkf330. of 8,000 transformants tested, only 1, containing the chimeric plasmid pmfb1, rendered the host cell able to convert biphenyls and chlorobipheny ... | 1986 | 3009395 |
| analysis of bph operon from the polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading strain of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707. | the entire nucleotide sequences (6.8 kilobase pairs) of the bphabc genes and their products involved in the initial dioxygenation and ring-meta-cleavage of biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls were determined. the first bpha gene starts about a 100 base pairs downstream from the transcriptional initiation site. the bpha region, which encodes a cluster of enzymes including biphenyl dioxygenase catalyzing the initial catabolic step, consists of five open reading frames (orfs). five proteins cor ... | 1992 | 1537863 |
| transfer of several phytopathogenic pseudomonas species to acidovorax as acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae subsp. nov., comb. nov., acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, acidovorax avenae subsp. cattleyae, and acidovorax konjaci. | dna-rrna hybridizations, dna-dna hybridizations, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins, and a numerical analysis of carbon assimilation tests were carried out to determine the relationships among the phylogenetically misnamed phytopathogenic taxa pseudomonas avenae, pseudomonas rubrilineans, "pseudomonas setariae," pseudomonas cattleyae, pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli, and pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. konjaci. these organisms are all members of the fami ... | 1992 | 1371056 |
| substrate specificities of hybrid naphthalene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene dioxygenase enzyme systems. | bacterial three-component dioxygenase systems consist of reductase and ferredoxin components which transfer electrons from nad(p)h to a terminal oxygenase. in most cases, the oxygenase consists of two different subunits (alpha and beta). to assess the contributions of the alpha and beta subunits of the oxygenase to substrate specificity, hybrid dioxygenase enzymes were formed by coexpressing genes from two compatible plasmids in escherichia coli. the activities of hybrid naphthalene and 2,4-dini ... | 1998 | 9573183 |
| screening for microorganisms producing d-malate from maleate. | more than 300 microorganisms were screened for their ability to convert maleate into d-malate as a result of the action of maleate hydratase. accumulation of fumarate during incubation of permeabilized cells with maleate was shown to be indicative of one of the two enzymes known to transform maleate. the ratio in which fumarate and malate accumulated could be used to estimate the enantiomeric composition of the malate formed. many strains (n = 128) were found to be capable of converting maleate ... | 1992 | 1444397 |
| meningitis caused by an alkali-producing pseudomonad. | the clinical and microbiological features of a case of meningitis, due to an alkali-producing pseudomonad which closely resembles pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, are described. a respiratory infection and a course of antibiotic therapy before admission to hospital may have been predisposing factors to opportunistic infection by this normally saprophytic organism. the problems of identifying alkali-producing pseudomonads are discussed. | 1976 | 1010877 |
| interfamilial transfer of amber suppressor gene for the isolation of amber mutants of mycobacteriophage i3. | a suppressor-containing strain of mycobacterium smegmatis sn2 was isolated by transferring an amber suppressor carried on the plasmid of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes era through transformation. amber mutants of mycobacteriophage i3 were isolated. | 1979 | 443992 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the gene encoding a novel dioxygenase involved in metabolism of carboxydiphenyl ethers in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes pob310. | pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain pob310 degrades 3- and 4-carboxydiphenyl ether. the initial reaction involves an angular dioxygenation yielding an unstable hemiacetal that spontaneously decays to phenol and protocatechuate. we cloned a dna fragment containing the gene encoding the initial dioxygenase from an unstable, self-transmissible plasmid. sequence analysis revealed two open reading frames encoding proteins with putative molecular masses of 46.3 and 33.6 kda. the deduced amino acid se ... | 1995 | 7710319 |
| cloning of a sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6 gene encoding a novel oxygenase that cleaves lignin-related biphenyl and characterization of the enzyme. | sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6 transforms 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (ddva), a lignin-related biphenyl compound, to 5-carboxyvanillic acid via 2,2',3-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (oh-ddva) as an intermediate (15). the ring fission of oh-ddva is an essential step in the ddva degradative pathway. a 15-kb ecori fragment isolated from the cosmid library complemented the growth deficiency of a mutant on oh-ddva. subcloning and deletion analysis showed that a ... | 1998 | 9647824 |
| substitution of the isp alpha subunit of biphenyl dioxygenase from pseudomonas results in a modification of the enzyme activity. | we have constructed a hybrid multicomponent dioxygenase gene cluster in which the bpha1 gene, coding for isp alpha subunit of biphenyl dioxygenase from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707, has been replaced by the bedc1 gene encoding the corresponding subunit of benzene dioxygenase from p. putida ml2. escherichia coli cells containing the chimeric dioxygenase acquired the novel capability of producing indigo from indole. furthermore, when compared to biphenyl dioxygenase, the hybrid dioxygenase ... | 1994 | 7980560 |
| functional and structural relationship of various extradiol aromatic ring-cleavage dioxygenases of pseudomonas origin. | the extradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenases derived from seven different pseudomonas strains were expressed in escherichia coli and the substrate specificities were investigated for a variety of catecholic compounds. the substrate range of four 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenases from biphenyl-utilizing bacteria, 3-methylcatechol dioxygenase from toluene utilizing pseudomonas putida f1, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase from a nah7 plasmid, and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from a tol plasmid pww0 wer ... | 1994 | 8020752 |
| control of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. | the five de novo enzyme activities unique to the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway were found to be present in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes atcc 17440. a mutant strain with 31-fold reduced orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (encoded by pyre) activity was isolated that exhibited a pyrimidine requirement for uracil or cytosine. uptake of the nucleosides uridine or cytidine by wild-type or mutant cells was not detectable; explaining the inability of the mutant strain to utilize either nucleoside to s ... | 1994 | 7916185 |
| enhanced biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls after site-directed mutagenesis of a biphenyl dioxygenase gene. | biphenyl dioxygenase catalyzes the first step in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the biphenyl dioxygenases from two pcb-degrading strains (pseudomonas sp. strain lb400 and pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707) were compared. the sequences were found to be nearly identical, yet these enzymes exhibited dramatically different substrate specificities for pcbs. site-directed mutagenesis of the lb400 bpha gene resulted in an enzyme ... | 1993 | 8285689 |
| oxidation of polychlorinated biphenyls by pseudomonas sp. strain lb400 and pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707. | biphenyl-grown cells and cell extracts prepared from biphenyl-grown cells of pseudomonas sp. strain lb400 oxidize a much wider range of chlorinated biphenyls than do analogous preparations from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707. these results are attributed to differences in the substrate specificity of the biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenases from both organisms. | 1993 | 8331086 |
| nucleotide sequence and functional analysis of the meta-cleavage pathway involved in biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degradation in pseudomonas sp. strain kks102. | pseudomonas sp. strain kks102 is able to degrade biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls via the meta-cleavage pathway. we sequenced the upstream region of the bpha1a2a3bcd (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) a4 and found four orfs in this region. as the deduced amino acid sequences of the first, second, and third orfs are homologous to the meta-cleavage enzymes from pseudomonas sp. strain cf600 (v. shingler, j. powlowski, and u. marklund, j. bacteriol. 174:711-724, 1992), these orfs have been named bp ... | 1994 | 8021212 |
| bacterial uptake of octyl ethanolamine increases with ph. | the uptake of octyl ethanolamine (c8ea) by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes was determined at ph 7.1-10.0. at ph 9.1 the total uptake was nearly three times higher and at ph 10.0 four times higher than at ph 7.1. also the initial rate of uptake was lowest at ph 7.1. at ph 7.1 five to ten times higher concentrations of c8ea were needed than at ph 9.1 to achieve the same degree of leakage of cytoplasmic constituents. the results support the hypothesis that penetration of the bacterial cytoplasmic mem ... | 1992 | 1587461 |
| molecular relationship of chromosomal genes encoding biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl catabolism: some soil bacteria possess a highly conserved bph operon. | all the genes we examined that encoded biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degradation were chromosomal, unlike many other degradation-encoding genes, which are plasmid borne. the molecular relationship of genes coding for biphenyl/pcb catabolism in various biphenyl/pcb-degrading pseudomonas, achromobacter, alcaligenes, moraxella, and arthrobacter strains was investigated. among 15 strains tested, 5 pseudomonas strains and one alcaligenes strain possessed the bphabc gene cluster on the xhoi ... | 1989 | 2507526 |
| degradation of nitrobenzene by a pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. | a pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes able to use nitrobenzene as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy was isolated from soil and groundwater contaminated with nitrobenzene. the range of aromatic substrates able to support growth was limited to nitrobenzene, hydroxylaminobenzene, and 2-aminophenol. washed suspensions of nitrobenzene-grown cells removed nitrobenzene from culture fluids with the concomitant release of ammonia. nitrobenzene, nitrosobenzene, hydroxylaminobenzene, and 2-aminophe ... | 1993 | 8368838 |
| biochemistry and genetics of pcb metabolism. | biphenyl(bp)-utilizing bacteria, which include both gram-negative and gram-positive strains, are ubiquitously distributed in the environment. these bacteria co-metabolically degrade a variety of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners to the corresponding chlorobenzoic acids through 2,3-dioxygenation. certain strains degrade even highly chlorinated pcbs through 3,4-dioxygenation. the ring meta-cleavage dioxygenase purified from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 is a homo-octamer containing fe ... | 1995 | 8565902 |
| gene components responsible for discrete substrate specificity in the metabolism of biphenyl (bph operon) and toluene (tod operon). | bph operons coding for biphenyl-polychlorinated biphenyl degradation in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and pseudomonas putida kf715 and tod operons coding for toluene-benzene metabolism in p. putida f1 are very similar in gene organization as well as size and homology of the corresponding enzymes (g. j. zylstra and d. t. gibson, j. biol. chem. 264:14940-14946, 1989; k. taira, j. hirose, s. hayashida, and k. furukawa, j. biol. chem. 267:4844-4853, 1992), despite their discrete substrate rang ... | 1993 | 8349562 |
| subclass distribution of igg and iga antibody response to pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in humans exposed to infected metal-working fluid. | the subclass distribution of the igg and iga antibody response in serum was studied in humans exposed to aerosolized metal-working fluid containing pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. this species was consistently found in concentrations of 10(8) bacteria per milliliter of metal-working fluid during 1 year of observation. no increased frequency of respiratory infections or discomfort was related to the exposure to the infected fluid. the antibody response to the bacterium consisted predominantly of i ... | 1990 | 2384650 |
| functional analyses of a variety of chimeric dioxygenases constructed from two biphenyl dioxygenases that are similar structurally but different functionally. | the biphenyl dioxygenases (bp dox) of strains pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and pseudomonas cepacia lb400 exhibit a distinct difference in substrate ranges of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) despite nearly identical amino acid sequences. the range of congeners oxidized by lb400 bp dox is much wider than that oxidized by kf707 bp dox. the pcb degradation abilities of these bp dox were highly dependent on the recognition of the chlorinated rings and the sites of oxygen activation. the kf707 ... | 1997 | 9190809 |
| a new 4-nitrotoluene degradation pathway in a mycobacterium strain. | mycobacterium sp. strain hl 4-nt-1, isolated from a mixed soil sample from the stuttgart area, utilized 4-nitrotoluene as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. under aerobic conditions, resting cells of the mycobacterium strain metabolized 4-nitrotoluene with concomitant release of small amounts of ammonia; under anaerobic conditions, 4-nitrotoluene was completely converted to 6-amino-m-cresol. 4-hydroxylaminotoluene was converted to 6-amino-m-cresol by cell extracts and thus could be ... | 1998 | 9464378 |
| a cold-adapted lipase of an alaskan psychrotroph, pseudomonas sp. strain b11-1: gene cloning and enzyme purification and characterization. | a psychrotrophic bacterium producing a cold-adapted lipase upon growth at low temperatures was isolated from alaskan soil and identified as a pseudomonas strain. the lipase gene (lipp) was cloned from the strain and sequenced. the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the gene (924 bp) corresponded to a protein of 308 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 33,714. lipp also has consensus motifs conserved in other cold-adapted lipases, i.e., lipase 2 from antarctic m ... | 1998 | 9464382 |
| thermodynamics of the maleate and citraconate hydration reactions catalysed by malease from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. | malease from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes catalyses the hydration of both maleate and citraconate to d-malate and d-citramalate, respectively. the kapp for these hydration reactions were 2050 and 104, respectively, under standard biochemical conditions (25 degrees c, ph 7.0, i = 0.1). the influence of the ph (6.0-8.5) on kapp was determined. the gibbs-free-energy changes under standard biochemical conditions for the hydration of the dianionic acids were calculated to be -19.28 kj.mol-1 and -11. ... | 1993 | 8223624 |
| enzyme specificity of 2-nitrotoluene 2,3-dioxygenase from pseudomonas sp. strain js42 is determined by the c-terminal region of the alpha subunit of the oxygenase component. | biotransformations with recombinant escherichia coli expressing the genes encoding 2-nitrotoluene 2,3-dioxygenase (2ntdo) from pseudomonas sp. strain js42 demonstrated that 2ntdo catalyzes the dihydroxylation and/or monohydroxylation of a wide range of aromatic compounds. extremely high nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity exists between the components from 2ntdo and the corresponding components from 2,4-dinitrotoluene dioxygenase (2,4-dntdo) from burkholderia sp. strain dnt (form ... | 1998 | 9495758 |
| construction of hybrid biphenyl (bph) and toluene (tod) genes for functional analysis of aromatic ring dioxygenases. | multicomponent enzyme complexes of biphenyl (bp) dioxygenase (dox) encoded by the gene cluster, bpha1a2a3a4 in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain kf707 [taira et al., j. biol. chem. 267 (1992) 4844-4858] and toluene dox encoded by the gene cluster, todc1c2ba in p. putida strain f1 [zylstra et al., j. biol. chem. 264 (1989) 14940-14946], show high homologies (approx. 60%) for the corresponding subunit component in spite of the fact that they have discrete substrate specificities. we constructed ... | 1994 | 8125315 |
| structures of homologous composite transposons carrying cbaabc genes from europe and north america. | is1071 is a class ii transposable element carrying a tnpa gene related to the transposase genes of the tn3 family. copies of is1071 that are conserved with more than 99% nucleotide sequence identity have been found as direct repeats flanking a remarkable variety of catabolic gene sequences worldwide. the sequences of chlorobenzoate catabolic transposons found on pbrc60 (tn5271) in niagara falls, n.y., and on pcpe3 in bologna, italy, show that these transposons were formed from highly homologous ... | 1998 | 9572977 |
| purification of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from pseudomonas putida ou83 and characterization of the gene (bphc). | the 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-dbpd) of pseudomonas putida ou83 was constitutively expressed and purified to apparent homogeneity. the apparent molecular mass of the native enzyme was 256 kda, and the subunit molecular mass was 32 kda. the data suggested that 2,3-dbpd was an octamer of identical subunits. the nucleotide sequence of a dna fragment containing the bphc region was determined. the deduced protein sequence for 2,3-dbpd consisted of 292 amino acid residues, with a calcu ... | 1996 | 8633883 |
| comparison of gas chromatography and mineralization experiments for measuring loss of selected polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in cultures of white rot fungi. | two methods were used to compare the biodegradation of six polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners by 12 white rot fungi. four fungi were found to be more active than phanerochaete chrysosporium atcc 24725. biodegradation of the following congeners was monitored by gas chromatography: 2,3-dichlorobiphenyl, 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl (2,4',5-tcb), 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. the congener tested for mine ... | 1998 | 9603809 |
| characterization of the hca cluster encoding the dioxygenolytic pathway for initial catabolism of 3-phenylpropionic acid in escherichia coli k-12. | we have identified, cloned, and sequenced the hca cluster encoding the dioxygenolytic pathway for initial catabolism of 3-phenylpropionic acid (pp) in escherichia coli k-12. this cluster maps at min 57.5 of the chromosome and is composed of five catabolic genes arranged as a putative operon (hcaa1a2cbd) and two additional genes transcribed in the opposite direction that encode a potential permease (hcat) and a regulator (hcar). sequence comparisons revealed that while hcaa1a2cd genes encode the ... | 1998 | 9603882 |
| construction and use of an ipb dna module to generate pseudomonas strains with constitutive trichloroethene and isopropylbenzene oxidation activity. | pseudomonas sp. strain jr1 exhibits trichloroethene (tce) oxidation activity with isopropylbenzene (ipb) as the inducer substrate. we previously reported the genes encoding the first three enzymes of the ipb-degradative pathway (ipba1, ipba2, ipba3, ipba4, ipbb, and ipbc) and identified the initial ipb dioxygenase (ipba1 a2a3a4) as responsible for tce cooxidation (u. pflugmacher, b. averhoff, and g. gottschalk, appl. environ. microbiol. 62:3967-3977, 1996). primer extension analyses revealed mul ... | 1998 | 9647815 |
| the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola) is a frequently changeable but selective habitat and a vector for microorganisms. | interaction potentials between soil microarthropods and microorganisms were investigated with folsomia candida (insecta, collembola) in microcosm laboratory experiments. microscopic analysis revealed that the volumes of the simple, rod-shaped guts of adult specimens varied with their feeding activity, from 0.7 to 11.2 nl. a dense layer of bacterial cells, associated with the peritrophic membrane, was detected in the midgut by scanning electron microscopy. depending on the molting stage, which oc ... | 1998 | 9647845 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 system for rapid identification of medically relevant gram-negative rods. | the new vitek 2 system (biomérieux) was evaluated at two independent sites with the identification card for gram-negative bacilli (id-gnb card). of the 845 strains tested, which represented 70 different taxa belonging to either the family enterobacteriaceae or the nonenteric bacilli, 716 (84.7%) were correctly identified at the species level. thirty-two (3.8%) additional strains were identified to the species level after the performance of simple, rapid manual tests (oxidase, hemolysis, indole r ... | 1998 | 9650942 |
| enhanced degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by directed evolution of biphenyl dioxygenase. | biphenyl dioxygenases (bp dox) from different organisms, which are involved in the initial oxygenation and subsequent degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb), are similar in structure but have different functions. the large subunit of bp dox, encoded by the bpha1 gene, is crucial for substrate selectivity. using the process of dna shuffling, we randomly recombined the bpha1 genes of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and burkholderia cepacia lb400 and selected for genes that expressed pr ... | 1998 | 9661201 |
| studies of the catabolic pathway of degradation of nitrobenzene by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45: removal of the amino group from 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde. | pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45 utilizes nitrobenzene as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. previous studies have shown that degradation of nitrobenzene involves the reduction of nitrobenzene to nitrosobenzene and hydroxylaminobenzene, followed by rearrangement to 2-aminophenol, which then undergoes meta ring cleavage to 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde. in the present paper, we report the enzymatic reactions responsible for the release of ammonia after ring cleavage. 2-aminomuconic ... | 1997 | 9471964 |
| 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase: a novel aromatic ring cleavage enzyme purified from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. | most bacterial pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds involve introduction of two hydroxyl groups either ortho or para to each other. ring fission then occurs at the bond adjacent to one of the hydroxyl groups. in contrast, 2-aminophenol is cleaved to 2-aminomuconic acid semialdehyde in the nitrobenzene-degrading strain pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. to examine the relationship between this enzyme and other dioxygenases, 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase has been purified by ethanol ... | 1996 | 8892823 |
| hydrophobic adsorption of aromatic compounds on polyurethane foam as a carbon source for pseudomonas growth. | the use of polyurethane foam appears to be efficient to extract hydrophobic pollutants from aqueous media. their adsorption is the result of spontaneous hydrophobic interactions with the foam, the rate of adsorption is a function of the diffusion of the molecules into the foam as well as their hydrophilic/lipophilic balance. a mixture of different molecules modifies the adsorption capacities of each type of molecule on the foam, probably resulting from stacking phenomena between the molecules. t ... | 1995 | 8597557 |
| genetic analysis of dioxin dioxygenase of sphingomonas sp. strain rw1: catabolic genes dispersed on the genome. | the dioxin dioxygenase of sphingomonas sp. strain rw1 activates dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran for further metabolism by introducing two atoms of oxygen at a pair of vicinal carbon atoms, one of which is involved in one of the bridges between the two aromatic rings, i.e., an angular dioxygenation. the dxna1 and dxna2 cistrons encoding this dioxygenase have been cloned and shown to be located just upstream of a hydrolase gene which specifies an enzyme involved in the subsequent step of the dib ... | 1998 | 9683494 |
| isolation of marine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-degrading cycloclasticus strains from the gulf of mexico and comparison of their pah degradation ability with that of puget sound cycloclasticus strains. | phenanthrene- and naphthalene-degrading bacteria were isolated from four offshore and nearshore locations in the gulf of mexico by using a modified most-probable-number technique. the concentrations of these bacteria ranged from 10(2) to 10(6) cells per ml of wet surficial sediment in mildly contaminated and noncontaminated sediments. a total of 23 strains of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-degrading bacteria were obtained. based on partial 16s ribosomal dna sequences and phenotypic charac ... | 1998 | 9835552 |
| involvement of the terminal oxygenase beta subunit in the biphenyl dioxygenase reactivity pattern toward chlorobiphenyls. | biphenyl dioxygenase (bph dox) oxidizes biphenyl on adjacent carbons to generate 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl in comamonas testosteroni b-356 and in pseudomonas sp. strain lb400. the enzyme comprises a two-subunit (alpha and beta) iron sulfur protein (ispbph), a ferredoxin (ferbph), and a ferredoxin reductase (redbph). b-356 bph dox preferentially catalyzes the oxidation of the double-meta-substituted congener 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl over the double-para-substituted congener 4,4'-dichlorobiph ... | 1998 | 9811638 |
| purification and partial characterization of an alkaline lipase from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes f-111. | an extracellular alkaline lipase of alkalophilic pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes f-111 was purified to homogeneity. the apparent molecular weight determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 32,000, and the isoelectric point was 7.3. with p-nitrophenyl esters as its substrates, the enzyme shows preference for c12 acyl and c14 acyl groups. it was stable in the ph range of 6 to 10, which coincides with the optimum ph range. | 1996 | 8975602 |
| cell wall lysin as a component of the bacteriophage phi 6 virion. | cell wall lytic activity was found in particles of the lipid-containing bacteriophage ø6. the activity can be extracted from the virion with triton x-100 in the presence of salt. this treatment removes the membrane-like envelope of the virion which includes five proteins. the lysin requires detergent for in vitro activity. virus particles formed in nonsuppressor cells by several classes of ø6 nonsense mutants contained the lysin activity; however, particles formed by a mutant (unable to make pro ... | 1979 | 469991 |
| construction of a bioluminescent reporter strain to detect polychlorinated biphenyls | a bioluminescent reporter strain, ralstonia eutropha env307(putk60), was constructed for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls by inserting the biphenyl promoter upstream of the bioluminescence genes. in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, which enhances the solubility of chlorinated biphenyls, bioluminescence was induced three- to fourfold over background by biphenyl, monochlorinated biphenyls, and aroclor 1242. the minimum detection limits for these compounds ranged from 0.15 mg/liter ... | 1998 | 9835601 |
| the phn genes of burkholderia sp. strain rp007 constitute a divergent gene cluster for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism. | cloning and molecular ecological studies have underestimated the diversity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) catabolic genes by emphasizing classical nah-like (nah, ndo, pah, and dox) sequences. here we report the description of a divergent set of pah catabolic genes, the phn genes, which although isofunctional to the classical nah-like genes, show very low homology. this phn locus, which contains nine open reading frames (orfs), was isolated on an 11.5-kb hindiii fragment from phenanthre ... | 1999 | 9882667 |
| ntn genes determining the early steps in the divergent catabolism of 4-nitrotoluene and toluene in pseudomonas sp. strain tw3. | pseudomonas sp. strain tw3 is able to oxidatively metabolize 4-nitrotoluene and toluene via a route analogous to the upper pathway of the tol plasmids. we report the sequence and organization of five genes, ntnwcmab*, which are very similar to and in the same order as the xyl operon of tol plasmid pww0 and present evidence that they encode enzymes which are expressed during growth on both 4-nitrotoluene and toluene and are responsible for their oxidation to 4-nitrobenzoate and benzoate, respecti ... | 1998 | 9555884 |
| in situ, real-time catabolic gene expression: extraction and characterization of naphthalene dioxygenase mrna transcripts from groundwater. | we developed procedures for isolating and characterizing in situ-transcribed mrna from groundwater microorganisms catabolizing naphthalene at a coal tar waste-contaminated site. groundwater was pumped through 0.22-microm-pore-size filters, which were then frozen in dry ice-ethanol. rna was extracted from the frozen filters by boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate lysis and acidic phenol-chloroform extraction. transcript characterization was performed with a series of pcr primers designed to amplify nah ... | 1999 | 9872763 |
| characterization of hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from pnbz139 cloned from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. a highly associated sds-stable enzyme catalyzing an intramolecular transfer of hydroxy groups. | hydroxylaminobenzene mutase is the enzyme that converts intermediates formed during initial steps in the degradation of nitrobenzene to a novel ring-fission lower pathway in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. the mutase catalyzes a rearrangement of hydroxylaminobenzene to 2-aminophenol. the mechanism of the reactions and the properties of the enzymes are unknown. in crude extracts, the hydroxylaminobenzene mutase was stable at sds concentrations as high as 2%. a procedure including hitrap-sp, h ... | 2000 | 10672020 |
| identification of chlorobenzene dioxygenase sequence elements involved in dechlorination of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. | the teca chlorobenzene dioxygenase and the todcba toluene dioxygenase exhibit substantial sequence similarity yet have different substrate specificities. escherichia coli cells producing recombinant teca enzyme dioxygenate and simultaneously eliminate a halogen substituent from 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene but show no activity toward benzene, whereas those producing todcba dioxygenate benzene but not tetrachlorobenzene. a hybrid teca dioxygenase variant containing the large alpha-subunit of the to ... | 1998 | 9791099 |
| degradation of chloronitrobenzenes by a coculture of pseudomonas putida and a rhodococcus sp. | a single microorganism able to mineralize chloronitrobenzenes (cnbs) has not been reported, and degradation of cnbs by coculture of two microbial strains was attempted. pseudomonas putida hs12 was first isolated by analogue enrichment culture using nitrobenzene (nb) as the substrate, and this strain was observed to possess a partial reductive pathway for the degradation of nb. from high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, nb-grown cells ... | 1999 | 10049867 |
| molecular analysis of a novel methanesulfonic acid monooxygenase from the methylotroph methylosulfonomonas methylovora. | methylosulfonomonas methylovora m2 is an unusual gram-negative methylotrophic bacterium that can grow on methanesulfonic acid (msa) as the sole source of carbon and energy. oxidation of msa by this bacterium is carried out by a multicomponent msa monooxygenase (msamo). cloning and sequencing of a 7.5-kbp sphi fragment of chromosomal dna revealed four tightly linked genes encoding this novel monooxygenase. analysis of the deduced msamo polypeptide sequences indicated that the enzyme contains a tw ... | 1999 | 10094704 |
| a novel 2-aminomuconate deaminase in the nitrobenzene degradation pathway of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. | 2-aminomuconate, an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan in mammals, is also an intermediate in the biodegradation of nitrobenzene by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. strain js45 hydrolyzes 2-aminomuconate to 4-oxalocrotonic acid, with the release of ammonia, which serves as the nitrogen source for growth of the microorganism. as an initial step in studying the novel deamination mechanism, we report here the purification and some properties of 2-aminomuconate deaminase. the purified e ... | 1998 | 9573204 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a new marine bacterium, neptunomonas naphthovorans gen. nov., sp. nov. | two strains of bacteria were isolated from creosote-contaminated puget sound sediment based on their ability to utilize naphthalene as a sole carbon and energy source. when incubated with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) compound in artificial seawater, each strain also degraded 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene; in addition, one strain, nag-2n-113, degraded 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and phenanthrene. acenaphthene was not degraded when it was used as a sole carbon source but was d ... | 1999 | 9872786 |
| characterization of the meta-cleavage compound hydrolase gene involved in degradation of the lignin-related biphenyl structure by sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6. | sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6 has the ability to transform a lignin-related biphenyl compound, 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-5, 5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (ddva), to 5-carboxyvanillic acid (5cva) via 2, 2',3-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (oh-ddva). in the 4.9-kb hindiii fragment containing the oh-ddva meta-cleavage dioxygenase gene (ligz), we found a novel hydrolase gene (ligy) responsible for the conversion of the meta-cleavage compound of oh-ddva to 5cva. incorporation of 18o from h ... | 1999 | 10347082 |
| 3-hydroxylaminophenol mutase from ralstonia eutropha jmp134 catalyzes a bamberger rearrangement. | 3-hydroxylaminophenol mutase from ralstonia eutropha jmp134 is involved in the degradative pathway of 3-nitrophenol, in which it catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxylaminophenol to aminohydroquinone. to show that the reaction was really catalyzed by a single enzyme without the release of intermediates, the corresponding protein was purified to apparent homogeneity from an extract of cells grown on 3-nitrophenol as the nitrogen source and succinate as the carbon and energy source. 3-hydroxylamin ... | 1999 | 10049374 |
| biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with phanerochaete chrysosporium in agitated cultures at ph 4.5. | the biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) (175 microm) by phanerochaete chrysosporium with molasses and citric acid at ph 4.5 was studied. in less than 2 weeks, tnt disappeared completely, but mineralization (liberated 14co2) did not exceed 1%. a time study revealed the presence of several intermediates, marked by the initial formation of two monohydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes (2- and 4-hadnt) followed by their successive transformation to several other products, including monoaminodini ... | 1999 | 10388692 |
| sequence of the mir-1 beta-lactamase gene. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmid-mediated mir-1 beta-lactamase gene confirms its relationship to chromosomally located ampc genes of enterobacter cloacae. blamir-1 is not part of a typical gene cassette but does lie near an element that could be involved in its capture on a plasmid. | 1999 | 10390237 |
| chemoselective nitro group reduction and reductive dechlorination initiate degradation of 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol by ralstonia eutropha jmp134. | ralstonia eutropha jmp134 utilizes 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol as a sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. the initial steps for degradation of 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol are analogous to those of 3-nitrophenol degradation in r. eutropha jmp134. 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol is initially reduced to 2-chloro-5-hydroxylaminophenol, which is subject to an enzymatic bamberger rearrangement yielding 2-amino-5-chlorohydroquinone. the chlorine of 2-amino-5-chlorohydroquinone is removed by a reductive mechanism, ... | 1999 | 10347008 |
| novel organization of the genes for phthalate degradation from burkholderia cepacia dbo1. | burkholderia cepacia dbo1 is able to utilize phthalate as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth. two overlapping cosmid clones containing the genes for phthalate degradation were isolated from this strain. subcloning and activity analysis localized the genes for phthalate degradation to two separate regions on the cosmid clones. analysis of the nucleotide sequence of these two regions showed that the genes for phthalate degradation are arranged in at least three transcriptional units. ... | 1998 | 9851995 |
| community analysis of biofilters using fluorescence in situ hybridization including a new probe for the xanthomonas branch of the class proteobacteria. | domain-, class-, and subclass-specific rrna-targeted probes were applied to investigate the microbial communities of three industrial and three laboratory-scale biofilters. the set of probes also included a new probe (named xan818) specific for the xanthomonas branch of the class proteobacteria; this probe is described in this study. the members of the xanthomonas branch do not hybridize with previously developed rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes for the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-proteobacteri ... | 1999 | 10427047 |
| regiospecificity of dioxygenation of di- to pentachlorobiphenyls and their degradation to chlorobenzoates by the bph-encoded catabolic pathway of burkholderia sp. strain lb400. | burkholderia sp. strain lb400 is one of the most potent aerobic polychlorobiphenyl (pcb)-degrading microorganisms that have been characterized. its pcb-dioxygenating activity originates predominantly or exclusively from the biphenyl dioxygenase encoded by its bph gene cluster. analysis of the dioxygenation products of several di- to pentachlorinated biphenyls formed by this enzyme revealed a complex dependence of the regiospecificity and the yield of dioxygenation on the substitution patterns of ... | 1999 | 10427057 |
| heterologous expression and characterization of the purified oxygenase component of rhodococcus globerulus p6 biphenyl dioxygenase and of chimeras derived from it. | in this work, we have purified the his-tagged oxygenase (ht-oxygenase) component of rhodococcus globerulus p6 biphenyl dioxygenase. the alpha or beta subunit of p6 oxygenase was exchanged with the corresponding subunit of pseudomonas sp. strain lb400 or of comamonas testosteroni b-356 to create new chimeras that were purified ht-proteins and designated ht-alpha(p6)beta(p6), ht-alpha(p6)beta(lb400), ht-alpha(p6)beta(b-356), ht-alpha(lb400)beta(p6), and ht-alpha(b-356)beta(p6). ht-alpha(p6)beta(p6 ... | 1999 | 10438748 |
| capillary electrophoresis-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for rapid identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative nonfermenting bacilli recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis. | we used capillary electrophoresis-single-strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) analysis of pcr-amplified 16s rrna gene fragments for rapid identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative nonfermenting bacilli isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). target sequences were amplified by using forward and reverse primers labeled with various fluorescent dyes. the labeled pcr products were denatured by heating and separated by capillary gel electrophoresis with an autom ... | 1999 | 10488211 |
| tuning biphenyl dioxygenase for extended substrate specificity. | highly substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are known to be very resistant to aerobic biodegradation, particularly the initial attack by biphenyl dioxygenase. functional evolution of the substrate specificity of biphenyl dioxygenase was demonstrated by dna shuffling and staggered extension process (step) of the bpha gene coding for the large subunit of biphenyl dioxygenase. several variants with an extended substrate range for pcbs were selected. in contrast to the parental biphenyl diox ... | 1999 | 10397810 |
| composition of soil microbial communities enriched on a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons. | soil contaminated with c5+, which contained benzene (45%, wt/wt), dicyclopentadiene (dcpd) plus cyclopentadiene (together 20%), toluene (6%), styrene (3%), xylenes (2%), naphthalene (2%), and smaller quantities of other compounds, served as the source for isolation of 55 genomically distinct bacteria (standards). use of benzene as a substrate by these bacteria was most widespread (31 of 44 standards tested), followed by toluene (23 of 44), xylenes (14 of 44), styrene (10 of 44), and naphthalene ... | 2000 | 11097903 |
| degradation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in soil by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes pob310(ppob) and two modified pseudomonas strains. | pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes pob310(ppob) and pseudomonas sp. strains b13-d5(pd30.9) and b13-st1(ppob) were introduced into soil microcosms containing 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-pob) in order to evaluate and compare bacterial survival, degradation of 3-pob, and transfer of plasmids to a recipient bacterium. strain pob310 was isolated for its ability to use 3-pob as a growth substrate; degradation is initiated by pob-dioxygenase, an enzyme encoded on ppob. strain b13-d5 contains pd30.9, a cloning ... | 1999 | 10427019 |
| genetic and molecular organization of the alkylbenzene catabolism operon in the psychrotrophic strain pseudomonas putida 01g3. | the 11-kb sequence encompassing the alkylbenzene upper pathway in pseudomonas putida 01g3, a psychrotrophic strain able to degrade alkylbenzenes at low temperatures, was characterized. together with a potential regulator (ebdr), six putative enzymes (ebdaaabacadbc) were identified, and they exhibited highly significant similarities with enzymes implicated in the equivalent pathway in p. putida re204. ebd genes appeared to be preferentially induced by ethylbenzene. multiple-alignment data and gro ... | 2001 | 11133479 |
| comparison of the downstream pathways for degradation of nitrobenzene by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45 (2-aminophenol pathway) and by comamonas sp. js765 (catechol pathway). | nitrobenzene is degraded by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45 via 2-aminophenol to 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde, which is further degraded to pyruvate and acetaldehyde. comamonas sp. js765 degrades nitrobenzene via catechol to 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. in this study we examined and compared the late steps of degradation of nitrobenzene by these two microorganisms in order to reveal the biochemical relationships of the two pathways and to provide insight for further investigation of their ev ... | 1999 | 10382261 |
| flagellate predation on a bacterial model community: interplay of size-selective grazing, specific bacterial cell size, and bacterial community composition. | the influence of grazing by the bacterivorous nanoflagellate ochromonas sp. strain ds on the taxonomic and morphological structures of a complex bacterial community was studied in one-stage chemostat experiments. a bacterial community, consisting of at least 30 different strains, was fed with a complex carbon source under conditions of low growth rate (0.5 day(-1) when nongrazed) and low substrate concentration (9 mg liter(-1)). before and after the introduction of the predator, the bacterial co ... | 1999 | 10543797 |
| genetic and biochemical comparison of 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45 to meta-cleavage dioxygenases: divergent evolution of 2-aminophenol meta-cleavage pathway. | nitrobenzene is degraded to pyruvate and acetaldehyde by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45 via a reductive pathway, and by comamonas sp. js765 via an oxidative pathway. although the initial reactions in the degradation of nitrobenzene by the two bacteria are totally different, the lower pathways are similar and converge at the level of 4-oxalocrotonate. in order to further investigate the biochemical properties and reveal the evolutionary relationships between the two lower pathways, the genes ... | 1999 | 10550475 |
| characterization of the endogenous plasmid from pseudomonas alcaligenes ncib 9867: dna sequence and mechanism of transfer. | the endogenous plasmid pra2 from pseudomonas alcaligenes ncib 9867 was determined to have 32,743 bp with a g+c content of 59.8%. sequence analysis predicted a total of 29 open reading frames, with approximately half of them contributing towards the functions of plasmid replication, mobilization, and stability. the pac25i restriction-modification system and two mobile elements, tn5563 and is1633, were physically localized. an additional eight open reading frames with unknown functions were also d ... | 2000 | 10613866 |
| preparation of 2-aminomuconate from 2-aminophenol by coupled enzymatic dioxygenation and dehydrogenation reactions. | 2-aminomuconate is an intermediate in the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan in mammals. the compound is not commercially available, and studies of its metabolism have been prevented by the lack of a chemical synthesis and the instability of the molecule. we report here the formation of 2-aminomuconate from 2-aminophenol by the coupled action of 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase and 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45, and isolation of the product by ani ... | 1999 | 10510494 |
| purification, characterization, and sequence analysis of 2-aminomuconic 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. | 2-aminonumconic 6-semialdehyde is an unstable intermediate in the biodegradation of nitrobenzene and 2-aminophenol by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45. previous work has shown that enzymes in cell extracts convert 2-aminophenol to 2-aminomuconate in the presence of nad+. in the present work, 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase was purified and characterized. the purified enzyme migrates as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular mass of ... | 1998 | 9721300 |
| formation of hydride-meisenheimer complexes of picric acid (2,4, 6-trinitrophenol) and 2,4-dinitrophenol during mineralization of picric acid by nocardioides sp. strain cb 22-2. | there are only a few examples of microbial conversion of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol). none of the organisms that have been described previously is able to use this compound as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy at high rates. in this study we isolated and characterized a strain, strain cb 22-2, that was able to use picric acid as a sole source of carbon and energy at concentrations up to 40 mm and at rates of 1.6 mmol. h(-1). g (dry weight) of cells(-1) in continuous cultures a ... | 1999 | 10103224 |
| conversion of 3-chlorocatechol by various catechol 2,3-dioxygenases and sequence analysis of the chlorocatechol dioxygenase region of pseudomonas putida gj31. | pseudomonas putida gj31 contains an unusual catechol 2,3-dioxygenase that converts 3-chlorocatechol and 3-methylcatechol, which enables the organism to use both chloroaromatics and methylaromatics for growth. a 3.1-kb region of genomic dna of strain gj31 containing the gene for this chlorocatechol 2,3-dioxygenase (cbze) was cloned and sequenced. the cbze gene appeared to be plasmid localized and was found in a region that also harbors genes encoding a transposase, a ferredoxin that was homologou ... | 1999 | 9973359 |
| ecological and physiological analyses of pseudomonad species within a phenol remediation system. | a diverse collection of 700 bacteria obtained from an operational phenolic remediating industrial treatment plant was made to select potential strains as microbial biosensors. pseudomonads were the most abundant group, of which 48 selected from the liquor or suspended solids were assessed for their physiological response to phenolic pollutant loading and niche specialisation. by fame-mis identification the pseudomonads were clustered into six major species groups. those isolates able to utilise ... | 2001 | 11166102 |
| coexistence of two different o demethylation systems in lignin metabolism by sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6: cloning and sequencing of the lignin biphenyl-specific o-demethylase (ligx) gene. | sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6 can grow on several dimeric model compounds of lignin as a carbon and energy source. it has o demethylation systems on three kinds of substrates: 5, 5'-dehydrodivanillic acid (ddva), syringate, and vanillate. we previously reported the cloning of a gene involved in the tetrahydrofolate-dependent o demethylation of syringate and vanillate. in the study reported here, we cloned the gene responsible for ddva o demethylation. using nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, a muta ... | 2000 | 10788391 |
| complete sequence of a 184-kilobase catabolic plasmid from sphingomonas aromaticivorans f199. | the complete 184,457-bp sequence of the aromatic catabolic plasmid, pnl1, from sphingomonas aromaticivorans f199 has been determined. a total of 186 open reading frames (orfs) are predicted to encode proteins, of which 79 are likely directly associated with catabolism or transport of aromatic compounds. genes that encode enzymes associated with the degradation of biphenyl, naphthalene, m-xylene, and p-cresol are predicted to be distributed among 15 gene clusters. the unusual coclustering of gene ... | 1999 | 10049392 |
| diverse oxygenations catalyzed by carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase from pseudomonas sp. strain ca10. | carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase (cardo) from pseudomonas sp. strain ca10 is a multicomponent enzyme that catalyzes the angular dioxygenation of carbazole, dibenzofuran, and dibenzo-p-dioxin. it was revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance analyses that xanthene and phenoxathiin were converted to 2,2',3-trihydroxydiphenylmethane and 2,2',3-trihydroxydiphenyl sulfide, respectively. thus, for xanthene and phenoxathiin, angular dioxygenation by cardo occu ... | 1999 | 10322011 |
| identification and characterization of the nitrobenzene catabolic plasmids pnb1 and pnb2 in pseudomonas putida hs12. | pseudomonas putida hs12, which is able to grow on nitrobenzene, was found to carry two plasmids, pnb1 and pnb2. the activity assay experiments of wild-type hs12(pnb1 and pnb2), a spontaneous mutant hs121(pnb2), and a cured derivative hs124(pnb1) demonstrated that the catabolic genes coding for the nitrobenzene-degrading enzymes, designated nbz, are located on two plasmids, pnb1 and pnb2. the genes nbza, nbzc, nbzd, and nbze, encoding nitrobenzene nitroreductase, 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase, 2- ... | 2000 | 10633088 |
| influence of chlorine substituents on rates of oxidation of chlorinated biphenyls by the biphenyl dioxygenase of burkholderia sp. strain lb400. | biphenyl dioxygenase from burkholderia (pseudomonas) sp. strain lb400 catalyzes the first reaction of a pathway for the degradation of biphenyl and a broad range of chlorinated biphenyls (cbs). the effect of chlorine substituents on catalysis was determined by measuring the specific activity of the enzyme with biphenyl and 18 congeners. the catalytic oxygenase component was purified and incubated with individual cbs in the presence of electron transport proteins and cofactors that were required ... | 2000 | 10877788 |
| cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (tcbb) from pseudomonas sp. strain p51, expressed in escherichia coli dh5alpha(ptcb149), catalyzes enantioselective dehydrogenase reactions. | cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (cdd) from pseudomonas sp. strain p51, cloned into escherichia coli dh5alpha(ptcb149) was able to oxidize cis-dihydrodihydroxy derivatives (cis-dihydrodiols) of dihydronaphthalene, indene, and four para-substituted toluenes to the corresponding catechols. during the incubation of a nonracemic mixture of cis-1,2-indandiol, only the (+)-cis-(1r,2s) enantiomer was oxidized; the (-)-cis-(s,2r) enantiomer remained unchanged. cdd oxidized both enantiomers of ... | 1999 | 10583971 |