| a series of wide-host-range low-copy-number vectors that allow direct screening for recombinants. | a series of controlled expression vectors was constructed based on the wide-host-range plasmid pmmb66eh. some of these new vectors code for the alpha-peptide of beta-galactosidase and allow the direct screening of recombinant clones by inactivation of alpha-complementation. the bla gene was replaced in some plasmids by the cat gene of tn9 coding for chloramphenicol resistance, extending the use into beta-lactam-resistant strains. they all feature either the tac or taclac (tac-lac uv5 in tandem) ... | 1991 | 1847347 |
| sequence domains required for the activity of avirulence genes avrb and avrc from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | avrb and avrc from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea share significant amino acid homology but interact with different soybean resistance genes to elicit the hypersensitive defense reaction. recombinant genes constructed between avrb and avrc revealed that the central regions were required for avirulence gene activity but the 5' and 3' termini were interchangeable. recombinants involving the central regions did not yield any detectable avirulence gene activity, and no new avirulence phenotypes w ... | 1991 | 1987121 |
| molecular characterization of cloned avirulence genes from race 0 and race 1 of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | a wide-host-range cosmid cloning vector, plafr3, was constructed and used to make cosmid libraries of partially digested sau3a dna from race 0 and race 1 of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. two avirulence genes, avrb0 and avrc, cloned from race 0, elicited the hypersensitivity reaction (hr) on specific cultivars of soybean. race 4 transconjugants containing avrb0 induced a dark brown necrotic hr within 24 h on the soybean cultivars harosoy and norchief, whereas race 4 transconjugants containin ... | 1987 | 2824447 |
| the avirulence gene avrbs1 from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria encodes a 50-kd protein. | a gene cloned from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race 2, avrbs1, specified avirulence on pepper cultivars containing the resistance gene bs1. a series of exonuclease iii deletions were made on a 3.2-kbp dna fragment that determined full avirulence activity, observed as hypersensitive response (hr) induction. the deletion products were subcloned into the broad host range cloning vector plafr3, conjugated into a virulent x. c. pv. vesicatoria race 1 strain, 82-8, and scored for their abil ... | 1988 | 2979910 |
| molecular characterization and nucleic acid sequence of an avirulence gene from race 6 of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | a gene was previously cloned from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea race 6, designated avirulence gene a (avra), that controls the expression of virulence by the pathogen on specific cultivars of soybean. a 3.2-kilobase (kb) acci subclone from the cosmid clone ppg6l3 was shown to be active when cloned into the broad-host-range vector prk404. transposon tn5 mutagenesis and deletion analysis delineated a span of approximately 2.5 kb of dna that was necessary for gene activity. the nucleotide seque ... | 1987 | 3027035 |
| characterization and expression of two avirulence genes cloned from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | two avirulence genes, avrb and avrc, from race 0 of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, were sequenced and found to encode single protein products of 36 and 39 kilodaltons, respectively. the proteins had neither recognizable signal peptide sequences nor significant stretches of hydrophobic amino acids that might indicate membrane association. both avrb and avrc had relatively low position 3 and overall g+c contents, which suggests that they may have been recently introduced into p. syringae pv. g ... | 1988 | 3049552 |
| exopolysaccharides of the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | exopolysaccharides (eps) of the soybean pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea were isolated from culture filtrates and infected soybean leaves. levan (a polyfructan with a c-2----c-6 backbone and c-2----c-1 branching) or acetylated alginate (a linear polyuronide of c-1----c-4-linked mannuronic and guluronic acids) was isolated from culture filtrates when bacterial strains were grown in a semisynthetic medium containing sucrose or glucose, respectively, as the primary carbon source. acetylat ... | 1986 | 3957873 |
| conjugal transfer of e. coli f'lac from erwinia chrysanthemi to pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and the apparent stable incorporation of the plasmid into the pv. glycinea chromosome. | the e. coli f'lac plasmid was transferred from an erwinia chrysanthemi hfr8 donor to a multiply-auxotrophic, rifampicin-resistant pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea recipient. transfer occurred at a frequency of approximately 10(-5)/donor. stable transconjugants which were able to utilize lactose as the sole carbon source after several transfers would not donate the f'lac plasmid in detectable frequency to other pv. glycinea or e. coli recipients. the plasmid dna was shown to be integrated into t ... | 1984 | 6394959 |
| sequence, expression and transcriptional analysis of the coronafacate ligase-encoding gene required for coronatine biosynthesis by pseudomonas syringae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 produces the chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin coronatine (cor), which consists of a polyketide component, coronafacic acid (cfa), ligated by an amide bond to coronamic acid (cma), an ethylcyclopropyl amino-acid derived from isoleucine. we report the nucleotide sequence of a 2.37-kb region containing the coronafacate ligase-encoding gene (cfl) which is required for the amide linkage of cfa and cma. the transcription start point for cfl was identified, and the ... | 1995 | 7883180 |
| characterization of the genes controlling the biosynthesis of the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine including conjugation between coronafacic and coronamic acid. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 produces a chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin, coronatine (cor), which consists of a polyketide component, coronafacic acid (cfa), which is coupled via amide bond formation to coronamic acid (cma), an ethylcyelopropyl amino acid (aa) derived from isoleucine. p. syringae pv. syringae strains ps51 and ps61, which do not synthesize coronafacoyl compounds (conjugates between cfa and aa), acquired the ability to produce cfa and cor when transformed with p4180a, a 9 ... | 1993 | 8224892 |
| occurrence of antimicrobial activities of bacteria from soybean leaf spots. | bacteria were isolated from leaf spots of field grown soybeans during two growing seasons. the leaf spots yielded up to 4 different species and a total population size of about 10(7)-10(8) bacteria/cm2. the majority of the 192 isolates belonged to the species pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (55%), causing leaf spots of bacterial blight on soybeans, and erwinia herbicola (22%). the remaining isolates included bacteria from other genera, but occurred occasionally. the determination of biological ... | 1993 | 8229675 |
| characterization and transcriptional analysis of the gene cluster for coronafacic acid, the polyketide component of the phytotoxin coronatine. | coronafacic acid (cfa), the polyketide component of the phytotoxin coronatine (cor), is activated and coupled to coronamic acid via amide bond formation, a biosynthetic step presumably catalyzed by the cfa ligase (cfl) gene product. the cor biosynthetic gene cluster in pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 is located within a 32-kb region of a 90-kb plasmid designated p4180a. in the present study, a cloned region of p4180a complemented all cfa- mutants spanning an 18.8-kb region of the cor bi ... | 1995 | 8526495 |
| characterization of eds1, a mutation in arabidopsis suppressing resistance to peronospora parasitica specified by several different rpp genes. | the interaction between arabidopsis and the biotrophic oomycete peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) provides an attractive model pathosystem to identify molecular components of the host that are required for genotype-specific recognition of the parasite. these components are the so-called rpp genes (for resistance to p. parasitica). mutational analysis of the ecotype wassilewskija (ws-0) revealed an rpp-nonspecific locus called eds1 (for enhanced disease susceptibility) that is required for th ... | 1996 | 8953768 |
| characterization of two epiphytic bacteria from soybean leaves with antagonistic activities against pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | the strains 48b/90 and 22d/93 are naturally occurring ephiphytes which were isolated from soybean leaves. on the basis of pheno- and genotypic characteristics 48b/90 was identified as erwinia herbicola and 22d/93 as pseudomonas syringae. these two isolates produced biological active substances against different indicator organisms. the e. herbicola strain showed clear antagonistic properties against escherichia coli and pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, but not against geotrichum candidum. 22d/ ... | 1996 | 8956493 |
| rapid stimulation of a soybean protein-serine kinase that phosphorylates a novel bzip dna-binding protein, g/hbf-1, during the induction of early transcription-dependent defenses. | the g-box (cacgtg) and h-box (cctacc) cis elements function in the activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes involved in the elaboration of lignin precursors, phytoalexins and the secondary signal salicylic acid as early responses to pathogen attack. we have isolated a soybean cdna encoding a novel bzip protein, g/hbf-1, which binds to both the g-box and adjacent h-box in the proximal region of the chalcone synthase chs15 promoter. while g/hbf-1 transcript and protein levels do not increa ... | 1997 | 9049302 |
| salicylic acid potentiates an agonist-dependent gain control that amplifies pathogen signals in the activation of defense mechanisms. | the phenylpropanoid-derived natural product salicylic acid (sa) plays a key role in disease resistance. however, sa administered in the absence of a pathogen is a paradoxically weak inductive signal, often requiring concentrations of 0.5 to 5 mm to induce acquired resistance or related defense mechanisms or to precondition signal systems. in contrast, endogenous sa accumulates to concentrations of < 70 microm at the site of attempted infection. here, we show that although 10 to 100 microm sa had ... | 1997 | 9061956 |
| antagonistic activities of epiphytic bacteria from soybean leaves against pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea in vitro and in planta | | 1997 | 9230099 |
| thermoregulated expression and characterization of an nad(p)h-dependent 2-cyclohexen-1-one reductase in the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | the phytopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180.n9 causes bacterial blight of soybeans and preferably infects its host plant during periods of cold, humid weather conditions. to identify proteins differentially expressed at low temperatures, total cellular protein fractions derived from pg4180.n9 grown at 18 and 28 degreesc were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. of several proteins which appeared to be preferentially present at 18 degreesc, a 40-kda protein ... | 1999 | 9922244 |
| characterization of insertions of is476 and two newly identified insertion sequences, is1478 and is1479, in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | thirty-two plasmid insertion mutants were independently isolated from two strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in taiwan. of the 32 mutants, 14 (44%), 8 (25%), and 4 (12%) mutants resulted from separate insertions of an is3 family member, is476, and two new insertion sequences (is), is1478 and is1479. while is1478 does not have significant sequence homology with any is elements in the embl/genbank/ddbj database, is1479 demonstrated 73% sequence homology with is1051 in x. campestris p ... | 1999 | 9973349 |
| the xanthomonas hrp type iii system secretes proteins from plant and mammalian bacterial pathogens. | studies of essential pathogenicity determinants in gram-negative bacteria have revealed the conservation of type iii protein secretion systems that allow delivery of virulence factors into host cells from plant and animal pathogens. ten of 21 hrp proteins of the plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria have been suggested to be part of a type iii machinery. here, we report the hrp-dependent secretion of two avirulence proteins, avrbs3 and avrrxv, by x. campestris pv. vesicatoria str ... | 1999 | 10430949 |
| dnak and the heat stress response of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | the dnak gene from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 was cloned and sequenced. the dnak coding region was 1,917 bp and contained a putative sigma 32 heat shock promoter 86 bp upstream of the translational start site. grpe, another heat shock gene, was found immediately upstream of the putative dnak promoter. the predicted amino acid sequence of dnak showed relatedness to the atpase and substrate binding domains commonly found in heat shock proteins, as well as the highly conserved signatu ... | 1999 | 10478477 |
| the transcriptional activator corr is involved in biosynthesis of the phytotoxin coronatine and binds to the cmaabt promoter region in a temperature-dependent manner. | a modified two-component regulatory system consisting of the histidine protein kinase cors and two highly homologous response regulators, corr and corp, controls biosynthesis of the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine (cor) by pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 in a temperature-dependent manner. cor synthesis is maximal at 18 degrees c but does not occur at 28 degrees c. fusions of corr and corp to the maltose-binding protein (mbp) were overproduced in escherichia coli and p. syringae pg4180, ... | 1999 | 10517320 |
| molecular cloning of a defense-response-related cytochrome p450 gene from tobacco. | plant defenses against pathogen attack involve a series of inducible responses that contribute to resistance. tobacco leaves injected with hwc (hyphal wall components prepared from phytophthora infestans) elicitor showed typical defense responses, including the induction of localized necrosis and the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which plant defense systems are activated, we screened tobacco plants for genes differentially expres ... | 1999 | 10682345 |
| phosphorylation of cors and corr, regulatory proteins that modulate production of the phytotoxin coronatine in pseudomonas syringae. | production of the phytotoxin coronatine (cor) in pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 is controlled by a modified two-component regulatory system consisting of three genes, corr, corp, and cors. corr and corp show similarity to response regulators, and cors is related to histidine protein kinases that function as environmental sensors. in this study, corr, corp and the cytoplasmic portion of cors, designated corsdelta, were overproduced in p. syringae as translational fusions to the maltose- ... | 2000 | 11094272 |
| the involvement of cysteine proteases and protease inhibitor genes in the regulation of programmed cell death in plants. | programmed cell death (pcd) is a process by which cells in many organisms die. the basic morphological and biochemical features of pcd are conserved between the animal and plant kingdoms. cysteine proteases have emerged as key enzymes in the regulation of animal pcd. here, we show that in soybean cells, pcd-activating oxidative stress induced a set of cysteine proteases. the activation of one or more of the cysteine proteases was instrumental in the pcd of soybean cells. inhibition of the cystei ... | 1999 | 10072402 |
| isolation of ethylene-insensitive soybean mutants that are altered in pathogen susceptibility and gene-for-gene disease resistance | plants commonly respond to pathogen infection by increasing ethylene production, but it is not clear if this ethylene does more to promote disease susceptibility or disease resistance. ethylene production and/or responsiveness can be altered by genetic manipulation. the present study used mutagenesis to identify soybean (glycine max l. merr.) lines with reduced sensitivity to ethylene. two new genetic loci were identified, etr1 and etr2. mutants were compared with isogenic wild-type parents for ... | 1999 | 10069832 |
| chlorosis-inducing products from pseudomonas syringae pathovars: new n-coronafacoyl compounds. | liquid cultures of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strains that also produced the phytotoxin coronatine, were found to have a new chlorosis-inducing activity, not previously described. bioassay-guided fractionation and hplc analysis revealed two new peaks that were chlorosis-inducing on leaves of bean plants. mass spectrometry and nmr analyses of the compounds led to the derivation of their structures as coronafacoyl-l-serine and coronafacoyl-l-threonine, respectively. the amino acid c-2 configu ... | 1998 | 11711068 |
| the matrix metalloproteinase gene gmmmp2 is activated in response to pathogenic infections in soybean. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) play an important role in host defense responses against pathogens in mammals where their activities lead to the production of antimicrobial peptides. we have identified a novel soybean (glycine max) metalloproteinase gene, gmmmp2, that is transcriptionally up-regulated in infected tissues. the deduced amino acid sequence indicates that this gene belongs to the mmp family. it is a preproprotein containing an n-terminal signal peptide, a cysteine switch, a zinc-bi ... | 2001 | 11743122 |
| biological control of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea by epiphytic bacteria under field conditions. | the efficacy of a bacterial strain as a biocontrol agent in the field may be related to the ecological similarity between the biocontrol agent and the target pathogen. therefore, a number of different pseudomonas syringae strains were evaluated for their antagonistic activities in vitro (agar-diffusion assay) and in planta (greenhouse assay) against the target pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. six strains of five different pathovars were found to be antagonistic in vitro as well as in ... | 2001 | 12032618 |
| cloning of genes by mrna differential display induced during the hypersensitive reaction of soybean after inoculation with pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) cell suspension cultures (cv. williams 82) inoculated with the pathogenic bacteria pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea respond with a hypersensitive reaction (hr) when the bacteria express the avirulence gene avra. a mrna differential display was established for this system to allow the identification of genes induced during the hr. six pcr-fragments (dd1-dd6) from the differential display analysis were identified, which are induced during the hr. database searches ... | 1998 | 9869427 |
| potentiation of the oxidative burst and isoflavonoid phytoalexin accumulation by serine protease inhibitors | treatment of soybean (glycine max l. cv williams 82) cell-suspension cultures with pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea (psg) harboring an avirulence gene (avra) or with yeast elicitor resulted in an oxidative burst characterized by the accumulation of h2o2. this burst, and the resultant induction of glutathione s-transferase transcripts, occurred more rapidly and was more prolonged if cells were simultaneously treated with serine protease inhibitors such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (pmsf) or d ... | 1998 | 9847125 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression in escherichia coli of levansucrase genes from the plant pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and p. syringae pv. phaseolicola. | plant-pathogenic bacteria produce various extracellular polysaccharides (epss) which may function as virulence factors in diseases caused by these bacteria. the eps levan is synthesized by the extracellular enzyme levansucrase in pseudomonas syringae, erwinia amylovora, and other bacterial species. the lsc genes encoding levansucrase from p. syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 and p. syringae pv. phaseolicola ncppb 1321 were cloned, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. heterologous expressio ... | 1998 | 9726857 |
| growth phase and temperature influence promoter activity, transcript abundance, and protein stability during biosynthesis of the pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin coronatine. | the plant-pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180.n9 synthesizes high levels of the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine (cor) at 18 degrees c, whereas no detectable toxin is produced at 28 degrees c. previously, we reported that the temperature-sensitive activation of three promoters within the cor biosynthetic gene cluster might explain thermoregulation of cor biosynthesis. the present study was aimed at furthering our understanding of the transcriptional as well as the postt ... | 1998 | 9515901 |
| rpon (sigma(54)) is required for plasmid-encoded coronatine biosynthesis in pseudomonas syringae. | the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 produces coronatine (cor), a phytotoxin which functions as a virulence factor in bacterial blight of soybeans. the cor biosynthetic gene cluster in pg4180 is borne on a 90-kb plasmid named p4180a. although pathway-specific regulatory genes for cor have been identified, global regulatory genes for cor production in pg4180 remain undefined. in the present study, we evaluated the role of rpon, which encodes sigma(54), in the virulence of s ... | 2003 | 12726764 |
| use of tn5-gusa5 to investigate environmental and nutritional effects on gene expression in the coronatine biosynthetic gene cluster of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 produces coronatine (cor), a chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin that consists of the polyketide coronafacic acid (cfa) coupled via an amide bond to the ethylcyclopropyl amino acid coronamic acid (cma). both cfa and cma function as intermediates in the pathway to coronatine, and genes encoding their synthesis have been localized: however, the precise factors that regulate the production of cor and its precursors remain unclear. in the present study, a lambda de ... | 1997 | 9226871 |
| comparison of avrd alleles from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | avirulence gene d alleles resided on indigenous plasmids in races 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (psg), but the allele in race 1 appeared to be chromosomal. these were all nonfunctional avirulence genes because they neither induced the avirulence phenotype on rpg4 soybean cultivars nor directed the production of syringolide elicitors when expressed in escherichia coli cells. the predicted proteins encoded by the seven psg avrd genes were very similar to that of a funct ... | 1997 | 9100386 |
| flagellin glycosylation island in pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and its role in host specificity. | the deduced amino acid sequences of the flagellins of pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and p. syringae pv. glycinea are identical; however, their abilities to induce a hypersensitive reaction are clearly different. the reason for the difference seems to depend on the posttranslational modification of the flagellins. to investigate the role of this posttranslational modification in the interactions between plants and bacterial pathogens, we isolated genes that are potentially involved in the postt ... | 2003 | 14594840 |
| bacterial avirulence genes. | although more than 30 bacterial avirulence genes have been cloned and characterized, the function of the gene products in the elictitation of resistance is unknown in all cases but one. the product of avrd from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea likely functions indirectly to elicit resistance in soybean, that is, evidence suggests the gene product is an enzyme involved in elicitor production. in most if not all cases, bacterial avirulence gene function is dependent on interactions with the hyper ... | 1996 | 15012539 |
| inhibition of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c results in the induction of pathogenesis-related genes in soybean. | the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip3) content is decreased in soybean cells following infection with pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (psg). in this investigation, a differential display approach was applied to isolate soybean genes that are transcriptionally up-regulated by the inhibition of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) activity and to study if the transcription of those genes is altered following psg infection. four genes, transcriptionally activated following treatment ... | 2004 | 15570470 |
| identification of a large cluster of coiled coil-nucleotide binding site--leucine rich repeat-type genes from the rps1 region containing phytophthora resistance genes in soybean. | fifteen rps genes confer resistance against the oomycete pathogen phytophthora sojae, which causes root and stem rot disease in soybean. we have isolated a disease resistance gene-like sequence from the genomic region containing rps1-k. four classes of cdna of the sequence were isolated from etiolated hypocotyl tissues that express the rps1-k-encoded phytophthora resistance. sequence analyses of a cdna clone showed that the sequence is a member of the coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine ... | 2005 | 15841357 |
| the azotobacter vinelandii gene algj encodes an outer-membrane protein presumably involved in export of alginate. | the algj gene from azotobacter vinelandii was cloned using a labelled rna probe representing the coding region of the alge gene from pseudomonas aeruginosa. dna sequencing revealed an orf of 1452 bp encoding a protein of 484 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 54611 da. an rna probe corresponding to alge was also used for southern hybridization of chromosomal dna, which showed that alge-related dna sequences are also present in the alginate-producing phytopathogen species pse ... | 1996 | 8936313 |
| cloning and expression of genes required for coronamic acid (2-ethyl-1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the phytotoxin coronatine. | coronamic acid (cma; 2-ethyl-1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of coronatine (cor), a chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180. tn5 mutagenesis and substrate feeding studies were previously used to characterize regions of the cor biosynthetic gene cluster required for synthesis of coronafacic acid and cma, which are the only two characterized intermediates in the cor biosynthetic pathway. in the present study, ... | 1994 | 16349356 |
| calcium-mediated apoptosis in a plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. | avirulent pathogens elicit a battery of plant defenses, often accompanied by collapse of the challenged cells. in soybean cells, sustained accumulation of h2o2 from an oxidative burst cues localized host cell death. such hypersensitive cell death appears to be an active process, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying cellular collapse. | 1996 | 8723347 |
| ethylene production by pseudomonas syringae pathovars in vitro and in planta. | significant amounts of ethylene were produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, pv. phaseolicola (which had been isolated from viny weed pueraria lobata [willd.] ohwi [common name, kudzu]), and pv. pisi in synthetic medium. on the other hand, the bean strains of p. syringae pv. phaseolicola and strains of 17 other pathovars did not produce ethylene. p. syringae pv. glycinea and p. syringae pv. phaseolicola produced nearly identical levels of ethylene (about 5 x 10(sup-7) nl h(sup-1) cell(sup ... | 1997 | 16535480 |
| identification of a disease resistance locus in arabidopsis that is functionally homologous to the rpg1 locus of soybean. | a new disease resistance locus in arabidopsis, rps3, was identified using a previously cloned avirulence gene from a non-arabidopsis pathogen. the avrb avirulence gene from the soybean pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea was transferred into a p. syringae pv. tomato strain that is virulent on arabidopsis, and conversion to avirulence was assayed on arabidopsis plants. the avrb gene had avirulence activity on most, but not all, arabidopsis ecotypes. of 53 ecotypes examined, 45 were resista ... | 1993 | 8275100 |
| stimulation of ethylene production in bean leaf discs by the pseudomonad phytotoxin coronatine. | coronatine is a toxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea which induces the same chlorotic response in bean leaves as does infection by the bacterial pathogen. although the structure of coronatine is known, the biological mode of action is not. one possible clue to its activity is the ethyl-substituted cyclopropane side chain of the molecule. this part structure (1-amino-2-ethycyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid or aec) is an analog of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic ... | 1985 | 16664173 |
| recognition of the avirulence gene avrb from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea by arabidopsis thaliana. | the response of arabidopsis thaliana land race columbia to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola 4326 harboring cloned avirulence genes avrb and avrc from p. syringae pv. glycinea and avra and avrd from p. syringae pv. tomato was examined. only avrb was recognized by columbia, as evidenced by attenuation of disease symptoms, slower bacterial multiplication in planta, and differentially greater induction of mrna for several defense-related genes. this contrasts with two a. th ... | 1993 | 8274772 |
| avrb mutants lose both virulence and avirulence activities on soybean and arabidopsis. | the pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea effector protein avrb induces resistance responses in soybean varieties that contain the resistance gene rpg1-b and arabidopsis varieties that carry rpm1. in addition to this avirulence activity, avrb also enhances bacterial virulence on soybean plants that lack rpg1-b and induces a chlorotic phenotype on arabidopsis plants that lack rpm1. we screened a library of avrb mutants for loss of avirulence on soybean and arabidopsis, and assayed selected avirulence ... | 2006 | 16677306 |
| isolation of a novel abc-transporter gene from soybean induced by salicylic acid. | this paper reports on the identification and characterization of a new atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter which was identified as a salicylic acid-induced gene from soybean (glycine max cv. williams 82) in a subtractive suppression hybridization approach. a fragment of an abc-transporter gene was used to isolate a full-length cdna clone for this gene with a length of 4750 bp. the encoded protein has a length of 1447 amino acids and is composed of two similar repeat units typical of full-size ... | 2006 | 16720608 |
| molecular characterization of field isolates of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea differing in coronatine production. | coronatine-producing and non-producing strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea have been examined. we found a connection between copper resistance and synthesis of coronatine. published data implied that these properties may be encoded on different plasmids. production of coronatine and copper resistance were also found to be correlated for pv. glycinea in 19 field-isolates from leaf spots of plants in a soybean field and in 28 strains of a bacterial culture collection. genomic diversity wi ... | 1993 | 8105024 |
| transcriptome changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway of glycine max in response to pseudomonas syringae infection. | reports of plant molecular responses to pathogenic infections have pinpointed increases in activity of several genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to the synthesis of lignin and flavonoids. the majority of those findings were derived from single gene studies and more recently from several global gene expression analyses. we undertook a global transcriptional analysis focused on the response of genes of the multiple branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway to infection by the pseudomonas ... | 2006 | 17083738 |
| the biosynthetic gene cluster for coronamic acid, an ethylcyclopropyl amino acid, contains genes homologous to amino acid-activating enzymes and thioesterases. | coronamic acid (cma), an ethylcyclopropyl amino acid derived from isoleucine, functions as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of coronatine, a chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180. the dna required for cma biosynthesis (6.9 kb) was sequenced, revealing three distinct open reading frames (orfs) which share a common orientation for transcription. the deduced amino acid sequence of a 2.7-kb orf designated cmaa contained six core sequences and two conse ... | 1994 | 8002582 |
| a modified two-component regulatory system is involved in temperature-dependent biosynthesis of the pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin coronatine. | biosynthesis of the phytotoxin coronatine (cor) in pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 is regulated by temperature at the transcriptional level. a 3.4-kb dna fragment from the cor biosynthetic gene cluster restored temperature-regulated phytotoxin production to tn5 mutants defective in cor production. nucleotide sequence analysis of this fragment revealed three genes, cors, corp, and corr, which encode a modified two-component regulatory system consisting of one sensor protein, cors, and tw ... | 1995 | 7592381 |
| [phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of the pathogen in lupine bacterial brown spottiness]. | it has been determined with the help of analyzing the complex of phenotypical and genotypical properties, that pseudomonas lupini is not a separate species. it has been shown that lupin's bacterial spot is induced by phytopathogenic bacteria of two species p. syringae and p. savastanoi. on the basis of their high phenotypical and genotypical similarity with a typical strain pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b1027 the majority of investigated strains are related to p. syringae. the only exception ... | 2006 | 17243363 |
| a gene from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea with homology to avirulence gene d from p. s. pv. tomato but devoid of the avirulence phenotype. | a gene was cloned from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea that hybridized to avirulence gene d (avrd), previously cloned from p. s. pv. tomato. unlike avrd, the hypersensitive response (hr) was not elicited when the p. s. pv. glycinea gene was reintroduced into p. s. pv. glycinea race 4 on a broad host range plasmid and the bacteria were inoculated into soybean leaves. dna sequence data disclosed that the p. s. pv. glycinea homologue of avrd encoded a protein containing 86% identical amino acids ... | 1990 | 2132025 |
| flagellin glycans from two pathovars of pseudomonas syringae contain rhamnose in d and l configurations in different ratios and modified 4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose. | flagellins from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea race 4 and pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 have been found to be glycosylated. glycosylation of flagellin is essential for bacterial virulence and is also involved in the determination of host specificity. flagellin glycans from both pathovars were characterized, and common sites of glycosylation were identified on six serine residues (positions 143, 164, 176, 183, 193, and 201). the structure of the glycan at serine 201 (s201) of flagellin ... | 2007 | 17644592 |
| physical and functional characterization of the gene cluster encoding the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine in pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 produces the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine. the coronatine synthesis genes in pg4180 were previously shown to reside on a 90-kb plasmid designated p4180a. in the present study, clones containing a 34-kb region of p4180a were saturated with tn5, and 71 unique mutations were recombined into p4180a by marker exchange. the effect of each mutation on coronatine synthesis was determined by analyzing the organic acids produced by the mutants by reverse-phase ... | 1992 | 1548231 |
| suppression of the ribosomal l2 gene reveals a novel mechanism for stress adaptation in soybean. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea bacteria or zoospores of the fungus phytophthora sojae were used to trigger a hypersensitive reaction (hr) in cell cultures of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv. williams 82). during a screen for genes that show an altered expression as a response to dying neighbour cells we have identified a gene fragment that is specifically but transiently down-regulated in an hr. the corresponding cdna codes for the ribosomal protein l2 (rpl2) of 80s ribosomes, which is ess ... | 2001 | 11346953 |
| characterization and mutational analysis of three allelic lsc genes encoding levansucrase in pseudomonas syringae. | in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 and other bacterial species, synthesis of the exopolysaccharide levan is catalyzed by the extracellular enzyme levansucrase. the results of southern blotting and pcr analysis indicated the presence of three levansucrase-encoding genes in strain pg4180: lsca, lscb, and lscc. in this study, lscb and lscc were cloned from a genomic library of strain pg4180. sequence analysis of the two lsc genes showed that they were virtually identical ... | 2001 | 11344135 |
| elicitor-induced defence reactions in cell suspension cultures of soybean cultivars. | suspension cultured soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) cells of four cultivars (wilis, lumut, kalmit, doko rc) were compared for their response to different fungal and bacterial elicitors. cells were treated either with crude cell wall extracts of the fungal pathogens phytophthora sojae (pmg-elicitor) and rhizoctonia solani (riso-elicitor) or with two isolates of the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (psg01/02) and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial defence reactions was measured ... | 2000 | 11098822 |
| temperature-responsive genetic loci in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | plant-pathogenic bacteria may sense variations in environmental factors, such as temperature, to adapt to plant-associated habitats during pathogenesis or epiphytic growth. the bacterial blight pathogen of soybean, pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180, preferentially produces the phytotoxin coronatine at 18 degrees c and infects the host plant under conditions of low temperature and high humidity. a minitn5-based promoterless glucuronidase (uida) reporter gene was used to identify genetic lo ... | 2000 | 11021922 |
| 3-methylarginine from pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 suppresses the bacterial blight caused by its close relative pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | the epiphyte pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 (pss22d) produces a toxin that strongly inhibits the growth of its relative, the plant pathogen p. syringae pv. glycinea. the inhibition can be overcome by supplementing the growth medium with the essential amino acid, l-arginine; this suggests that the toxin acts as an inhibitor of the arginine biosynthesis. the highly polar toxin was purified by bioassay-guided fractionation using ion-exchange chromatography and subsequent rp-hplc fractiona ... | 2008 | 18655083 |
| component and protein domain exchange analysis of a thermoresponsive, two-component regulatory system of pseudomonas syringae. | two closely related phytopathogenic bacterial strains, pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 and p. syringae pv. tomato dc3000, produce the chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin coronatine (cor) in a remarkably divergent manner. pg4180 produces cor at the virulence-promoting temperature of 18 degrees c, but not at 28 degrees c. in contrast, temperature has no effect on cor synthesis in dc3000. a modified two-component system consisting of the histidine protein kinase (hpk), cors, the response regulat ... | 2008 | 18757803 |
| interactions of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea with host and nonhost plants in relation to temperature and phytotoxin synthesis. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 causes bacterial blight of soybean and produces the phytotoxin coronatine (cor) in a temperature-dependent manner. cor consists of a polyketide, coronafacic acid (cfa), and an amino acid derivative, coronamic acid, and is produced optimally at 18 degrees c whereas no detectable synthesis occurs at 28 degrees c. we investigated the impact of temperature on pg4180 during compatible and incompatible interactions with soybean and tobacco plants, respectively. ... | 2000 | 10975652 |
| isolation of the gene for eilp, an elicitor-inducible lrr receptor-like protein, from tobacco by differential display. | we screened tobacco genes, which are differentially expressed in response to a fungal elicitor, and have isolated a gene which codes for a leucine-rich repeat (lrr) protein closely related to cf genes in tomato. the eilp (elicitor inducible lrr protein) gene encodes 95 kda protein, which consists of a putative membrane spanning region, 28 leucine-rich repeats and some n-linked glycosylation sites, and shows high homology to cf-2/cf-5 family genes. southern blot analysis revealed the presence of ... | 2000 | 10845459 |
| systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, orthologous to arabidopsis npr1. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is induced in non-inoculated leaves following infection with certain pathogenic strains. sar is effective against many pathogens. salicylic acid (sa) is a signaling molecule of the sar pathway. the development of sar is associated with the induction of pathogenesis related (pr) genes. arabidopsis non-expressor of pr1 (npr1) is a regulatory gene of the sa signal pathway 123. sar in soybean was first reported following infection with colletotrichum trancatum that ... | 2009 | 19656407 |
| decreased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate content in pathogen-challenged soybean cells. | phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) has been shown to be transiently activated when plant cells were treated with elicitors. we thus investigated the activity of pi-plc when soybean cells were infected with the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, by measuring cellular cytosolic inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip3) levels. we observed that ip3 content decreased in both compatible and incompatible interactions. in vitro phosphatase activities were similar in both wat ... | 2000 | 10796022 |
| early events in the signal pathway for the oxidative burst in soybean cells exposed to avirulent pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea | soybean (glycine max) cv williams 82 suspension cultures exhibit an oxidative burst approximately 3 h after challenge with pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea (psg) harboring the avra (avirulence) gene. pretreatment with the tyrosine (tyr) kinase inhibitor herbimycin a or the serine/threonine kinase inhibitor k252a abolished the burst and subsequent induction of glutathione s-transferase. however, imposition of a 45-min rest period between pathogen challenge and subsequent addition of the kinase in ... | 1999 | 10444097 |
| overexpression of bacterial ethylene-forming enzyme gene in trichoderma reesei enhanced the production of ethylene. | in order to efficiently utilize natural cellulose materials to produce ethylene, three expression vectors containing the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) gene from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea were constructed. the target gene was respectively controlled by different promoters: cbh i promoter from trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolases i gene, gpd promoter from aspergillus nidulans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene and pgk i promoter from t. reesei 3-phosphoglycerate kinase i gene. ... | 2010 | 20150979 |
| analysis of the rpon locus in the plant pathogenic bacterium, pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | sigma 54, which is encoded by rpon, is required for a variety of metabolic functions in bacteria including the utilization of alternative carbon and nitrogen sources, nitrogen fixation, and the expression of virulence determinants. sequence analysis of a 3,020-bp dna fragment from the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 revealed four orfs designated rpon, orfa, orfb, and orfc delta, which were related to rpon and rpon-associated genes from other microorganisms. the rpon upstr ... | 2001 | 11697147 |
| impact of siderophore production by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 on epiphytic fitness and biocontrol activity against pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea 1a/96. | the use of naturally occurring microbial antagonists to suppress plant diseases offers a favorable alternative to classical methods of plant protection. the soybean epiphyte pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 shows great potential for controlling p. syringae pv. glycinea, the causal agent of bacterial blight of soybean. its activity against p. syringae pv. glycinea is highly reproducible even in field trials, and the suppression mechanisms involved are of special interest. in this w ... | 2010 | 20208028 |
| complete characterisation of tn5530 from burkholderia cepacia strain 2a (pijb1) and studies of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate uptake by the organism. | the complete genetic characterisation of tn5530 in burkholderia cepacia strain 2a (pijb1) has been accomplished, indicating that it is a tn3-like transposon with a complex structure bearing operons for the catabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d) and malonate. tn5530 is terminated at both ends by the is1071::is1471 element and the 2,4-d- and malonate-dissimilatory operons are separated by a region encoding a puta and lrp gene and a gene encoding a chloride channel protein. the chloride c ... | 2002 | 12206751 |
| salicylic acid is needed in hypersensitive cell death in soybean but does not act as a catalase inhibitor. | the function of salicylic acid (sa) in hypersensitive cell death was studied in a soybean (glycine max)-pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea system. the infection of cell cultures with bacteria leads to a hypersensitive reaction (hr), which is dependent on an appropriate avirulence gene and on low concentrations of sa. the requirement for sa is essential for a process shortly before the onset of the hr-caused cell death 5 to 6 h after infection with bacteria. sa given 10 to 12 h after infection or p ... | 1997 | 12223807 |
| function of oxidative cross-linking of cell wall structural proteins in plant disease resistance. | elicitation of soybean cells causes a rapid insolubilization of two cell wall structural proteins, p33 and p100. likewise, a short elicitation of 30 min rendered cell walls more refractory to enzyme digestion as assayed by the yield of protoplasts released. this effect could be ascribed to protein cross-linking because of its insensitivity to inhibitors of transcription (actinomycin d) and translation (cycloheximide) and its induction by exogenous h2o2. moreover, the induced loss of protoplasts ... | 1994 | 12244231 |
| pathogens drop the hint: don't forget phytoalexin pathways. | many effectors secreted by pathogenic bacteria suppress host signal transduction pathways that activate host defense responses. in this issue of cell host & microbe, zhou et al. (2011) now broaden that theme by demonstrating that hopz1b from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea causes degradation of a host enzyme directly involved in the synthesis of antimicrobial phytoalexin compounds. | 2011 | 21402353 |
| the physiological development of the chlorotic lesion induced by coronatine. | toxins are secondary metabolites produced by several plant pathogenic microorganisms. these toxins play a major role in the development of disease symptoms. coronatine, the non specific toxin, was extracted and purified from the culture medium of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. in this study, the effect of coronatine on the development of the chlorotic lesion on the phaseolus vulgaris l. leaves, indicates that coronatine induced chlorosis on treated leaves as well as or untreated leaves on th ... | 2001 | 12425045 |
| genetic and physical localization of the soybean rpg1-b disease resistance gene reveals a complex locus containing several tightly linked families of nbs-lrr genes. | alleles or tightly linked genes at the soybean (glycine max l. merr.) rpg1 locus confer resistance to strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea that express the avirulence genes avrb or avrrpm1. we have previously mapped rpg1-b (the gene specific for avrb) to a cluster of resistance genes (r genes) with diverse specificities in molecular linkage group f. here, we describe the high-resolution physical and genetic mapping of rpg1-b to a 0.16-cm interval encompassed by two overlapping bac clones ... | 2003 | 12971605 |
| cloning of soybean genes induced during hypersensitive cell death caused by syringolide elicitor. | syringolide elicitors produced by bacteria expressing pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea avirulence gene d (avrd) induce hypersensitive cell death (hcd) only in soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) plants carrying the rpg4 disease resistance gene. employing a differential display method, we isolated 13 gene fragments induced in cultured cells of a soybean cultivar harosoy (rpg4) treated with syringolides. several genes for isolated fragments were induced by syringolides in an rpg4 cultivar acme as we ... | 2004 | 14586656 |
| effects of environmental and nutritional factors on production of the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine by pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 produces the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine. the effects of environmental, nutritional, and host factors on growth and coronatine production by pg4180 were examined by varying the components of a defined basal medium which contained the following nutrients per liter: glucose (10 g), nh(4)cl (1 g), mgso(4) . 7h(2)o (0.2 g), kh(2)po(4) (4.1 g), k(2)hpo(4) . 3h(2)o (3.6 g), and fecl(3) (2 mum). bacterial growth was recorded as dry weight, and coronatine pr ... | 1993 | 16348941 |
| expression profiling soybean response to pseudomonas syringae reveals new defense-related genes and rapid hr-specific downregulation of photosynthesis. | transcript profiling during susceptible (s) and hypersensitive response-associated resistance (r) interactions was determined in soybean (glycine max). pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea carrying or lacking the avirulence gene avrb, was infiltrated into cultivar williams 82. leaf rna was sampled at 2, 8, and 24 h postinoculation (hpi). significant changes in transcript abundance were observed for 3,897 genes during the experiment at p < or = 0.000005. many of the genes showed a similar direction ... | 2005 | 16353551 |
| cloned avirulence gene of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea determines race-specific incompatibility on glycine max (l.) merr. | a genomic library of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea race 6 dna was constructed in the mobilizable cosmid vector plafr1 and maintained in escherichia coli hb101. completeness of the library was estimated by assaying clones for the expression of ice-nucleating activity in e. coli. ice-nucleation activity was represented approximately once in every 600 clones. six hundred eighty random race 6 cosmid clones were mobilized from e. coli by plasmid prk2013 in individual conjugations to a race 5 stra ... | 1984 | 16593517 |
| increase of chalcone synthase mrna in pathogen-inoculated soybeans with race-specific resistance is different in leaves and roots. | soybeans (glycine max [l.] merr.) respond to pathogens by producing isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins. chalcone synthase (chs) is the first enzyme of the flavonoid/isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway. we investigated changes in the steady state levels of chs mrna and other specific mrnas at increasing times after inoculation in two different race-specific interactions, one between leaves and the bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea (psg), and one between roots and the fungus, phytophthora me ... | 1989 | 16667156 |
| characterization of antimicrobial compounds produced by pseudomonas aurantiaca s-1. | pseudomonas aurantiaca s-1 can serve as a natural source of pesticides towards phytopathogens like fusarium oxysporum p1 and pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea bim b-280. the largest pool of produced antimicrobial compounds was found in four days-old spent culture supernatant. at least two groups of bioactive substances were identified, one responsible for the antibacterial activity and the other for the antifungal activity. the fraction with strong antibacterial activity had the molecular mass 2 ... | 2007 | 18254494 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of the temperature-sensing histidine protein kinase cors from pseudomonas syringae. | several plant pathogenic bacteria belonging to the species pseudomonas syringae produce the phytotoxin coronatine to enhance their virulence. pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 synthesizes coronatine at the virulence-promoting temperature of 18 degrees c, but not at 28 degrees c, its optimal growth temperature. in contrast, temperature has virtually no effect on coronatine synthesis in p. syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000. a modified two-component system controlling coronatine synthesis an ... | 2008 | 18429999 |
| expression of ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea in trichoderma viride. | the efe gene encoding an ethylene-forming enzyme from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea has been expressed for the first time under the control of trichoderma reesei cbh1 promoter in trichoderma viride. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that transformant y2 produced mrna of the efe gene. southern blot analysis showed that there was one copy of efe gene which was integrated into the chromosomal dna of t. viride. ethylene production by transformant y2 was efficiently ... | 2008 | 18575855 |
| the role of ethylene production in virulence of pseudomonas syringae pvs. glycinea and phaseolicola. | abstract the importance of ethylene production for virulence of pseudomonas syringae pvs. glycinea and phaseolicola was assayed by comparing bacterial multiplication and symptom development in bean and soybean plants inoculated with ethylene-negative (efe) mutants and wild-type strains. the efe mutants of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea were significantly reduced in their ability to grow in planta. however, the degree of reduction was strain-dependent. population sizes of efe mutant 16/83-e1 t ... | 2001 | 18943596 |
| a conjugative plasmid carrying the efe gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme isolated from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | abstract previous work suggested that the efe gene encoding the ethylene-forming enzyme was present in the plasmids of three pathovars of pseudomonas syringae including glycinea, phaseolicola (kudzu strains), and cannabina. however, no direct evidence to support this assumption had been presented. in the current study, we isolated the conjugative plasmid harboring the efe gene (ethylene plasmid) designated peth2 from p. syringae pv. glycinea maff301683. peth2 was detected by southern blot hybrid ... | 1998 | 18944855 |
| first insights into the genes that control plant-bacterial interactions. | the events leading up to the cloning of the first bacterial avirulence gene, avra, from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea are described. the cloning of this gene marked the beginning of the molecular analyses of bacterial effectors and has paved the way for determining of the role of bacterial effectors in pathogen virulence and the triggering of plant innate immunity. | 2009 | 19849779 |
| [cloning and expressing of a harpin-encoding gene from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea]. | methods, objective: we amplified the 1026 bp hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) gene from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea isolate psg12 genomic dna by pcr technique, and then constructed expression vector pgex-hrpz(psg12) with regular molecular cloning operation. the recombinant plasmid was transformed into bl21(de3). recombinant protein was induced by isopropylthio-beta-d-galacgoside (iptg). results: the molecular mass of the fusion protein is 61kda analyzed by sds-page. the prot ... | 2009 | 20069890 |
| identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster for 3-methylarginine, a toxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93. | the epiphyte pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 (pss22d) produces the rare amino acid 3-methylarginine (mearg), which is highly active against the closely related soybean pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. since these pathogens compete for the same habitat, pss22d is a promising candidate for biocontrol of p. syringae pv. glycinea. the mearg biosynthesis gene cluster codes for the s-adenosylmethionine (sam)-dependent methyltransferase mrsa, the putative aminotransferase mrsb, and ... | 2010 | 20190091 |
| the algt gene of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and new insights into the transcriptional organization of the algt-muc gene cluster. | the phytopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea infects soybean plants and causes bacterial blight. in addition to p. syringae, the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa and the soil bacterium azotobacter vinelandii produce the exopolysaccharide alginate, a copolymer of d-mannuronic and l-guluronic acids. alginate production in p. syringae has been associated with increased fitness and virulence in planta. alginate biosynthesis is tightly controlled by proteins encoded by the alg ... | 2006 | 17012388 |
| thermo-responsive expression and differential secretion of the extracellular enzyme levansucrase in the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae, production of the exopolysaccharide levan is mediated by extracellular levansucrase (lsc), which is encoded by two functional genes, lscb and lscc. comparison of extracellular protein profiles of p. syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 grown at 18 and 28 degrees c and western blots revealed that lsc was predominantly found in the supernatant at 18 degrees c, a temperature fostering virulence of this pathogen. northern blot analysis indicated that transcription ... | 2006 | 17147762 |
| detection and sequence analysis of an altered pectate lyase gene in pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and related bacteria. | pectate lyase (pl) is a potent cell wall-degrading enzyme known to play a role in the microbial infection of plants. we re-examined the pectolytic property of seven representative pathovars of pseudomonas syringae. none of the 10 p. syringae pv. glycinea strains examined exhibited pectolytic activity. however, the pl gene (pel) was detected by southern hybridization in four out of four p. syringae pv. glycinea strains examined. a p. syringae pv. glycinea pel gene was cloned, sequenced, and predi ... | 2006 | 17215896 |
| a temperature-sensing histidine kinase: function, genetics, and membrane topology. | two-component systems provide a means for bacteria to sense and adapt to environmental signals in order to survive in a continuously changing environment. understanding of the mechanism by which these systems function is important in combating bacterial infections because many bacterial two-component systems are associated with virulence. the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 synthesizes high levels of the phytotoxin coronatine at the virulence-promoting tempera ... | 2007 | 17609134 |
| expression of two old yellow enzyme homologues from gluconobacter oxydans and identification of their citral hydrogenation abilities. | two genes that encode proteins which share 30-35% sequence identity with yeast oye (old yellow enzyme, an nad(p)h fmn-oxidoreductase), the well-studied archetype of the oye protein family, have been identified in gluconobacter oxydans m5. the two genes are localized in the chromosome and plasmid, respectively. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the enzymes with database entries revealed 75.1% similarity and 64.9% identity to that of the pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea nad(p)h-de ... | 2008 | 18064575 |
| the alternative sigma factor algt, but not alginate synthesis, promotes in planta multiplication of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea produces the exopolysaccharide (eps) alginate, which is thought to function in epiphytic fitness and virulence. a key regulator for alginate biosynthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa and p. syringae is the alternative sigma factor algt (sigma(22)). in this study, the contribution of alginate synthesis and algt to in planta epiphytic fitness and virulence of p. syringae was examined. alginate biosynthesis mutants were generated for the p. syringae ... | 2008 | 18227245 |
| metabolic engineering for ethylene production by inserting the ethylene-forming enzyme gene (efe) at the 16s rdna sites of pseudomonas putida kt2440. | the ethylene-forming enzyme gene (efe) from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea was transferred into pseudomonas putida kt2440 by recombination at five of the seven 16s rdna sites. pcr analysis demonstrated that strains dc1, dc2 and dc3 contained three, four and five copies of efe, respectively. in contrast to the parent strain which produced ethylene at 14.7 mg h(-1) g(-1) dry weight, strains dc1, dc2 and dc3 produced ethylene at 36.2, 47.2 and 53.8 mg h(-1) g(-1) dry weight, respectively. quanti ... | 2010 | 20399645 |
| rpg1-b-derived resistance to avrb-expressing pseudomonas syringae requires rin4-like proteins in soybean. | soybean (glycine max) rpg1-b (for resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea) mediates species-specific resistance to p. syringae expressing the avirulence protein avrb, similar to the nonorthologous rpm1 in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). rpm1-derived signaling is presumably induced upon avrb-derived modification of the rpm1-interacting protein, rin4 (for rpm1-interacting 4). we show that, similar to rpm1, rpg1-b does not directly interact with avrb but associates with rin4-like protein ... | 2010 | 20484023 |
| genome sequence analyses of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea and subtractive hybridization-based comparative genomics with nine pseudomonads. | bacterial blight, caused by pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea (psg), is a common disease of soybean. in an effort to compare a current field isolate with one isolated in the early 1960s, the genomes of two psg strains, race 4 and b076, were sequenced using 454 pyrosequencing. the genomes of both psg strains share more than 4,900 highly conserved genes, indicating very low genetic diversity between psg genomes. though conserved, genome rearrangements and recombination events occur commonly with ... | 2011 | 21304594 |