| repetitive sequences cloned from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo genotype hardjoprajitno and their application to serovar identification. | we selected, from a genomic library of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo genotype hardjoprajitno, two probes containing repetitive sequences (pl1 and pl590). the hybridization patterns of these probes to dna isolated from a variety of leptospira serovars were examined and their ability to detect subtle differences at the genomic organization level was established. we identified the dna fragments within pl1 and pl590 which are sufficient to yield polymorphic hybridization patterns; these resu ... | 1992 | 1583126 |
| sample preparation method for polymerase chain reaction-based semiquantitative detection of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis in bovine urine. | an improved method of preparing bovine urine samples was developed for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (subtype hardjobovis) dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 100 leptospire-free cows, 4 experimentally infected cows, and 2 negative control cows were used. pcr results were improved by (i) using 10-ml urine samples instead of 1-ml samples, (ii) adding 10(7) to 10(8) leptospira biflexa serovar patoc cells as a carrier to eac ... | 1991 | 1757552 |
| characterization of borrelia coriaceae antigens with monoclonal antibodies. | three monoclonal antibodies (f6f3, f6b11, and f6b3) were developed against borrelia coriaceae antigens. all three antibodies appeared to be specific for this species and did not cross-react with borrelia burgdorferi (strains b31 and irs), borrelia hermsii, borrelia anserina, leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, or treponema hyodysenteriae, as determined by indirect fluorescent antibody staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western immunoblot analysis. only one of these antibodies, f ... | 1991 | 1855995 |
| molecular analysis of a sphingomyelinase c gene from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | a thermolabile hemolysin from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, strain sponselee, was shown to specifically degrade sphingomyelin. nucleotide sequence determination revealed that sphingomyelinase activity was encoded by an open reading frame of 1,668 nucleotides. although a putative signal sequence could be identified, no evidence for protein export in either l. interrogans or escherichia coli was obtained. the apparent molecular mass of the expression product in e. coli minicells was 41.2 ... | 1990 | 2163985 |
| detection of leptospires in urine by polymerase chain reaction. | primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were synthesized from clones derived from a leptospira hardjo (type hardjobovis) library. one pair of synthetic oligonucleotide primers was selected for further analysis. under experimental conditions an amplification was obtained with dna of leptospira interrogans of some serovars belonging to serogroup sejroe. however, very little or no amplification was observed with dna from other serovars of this group. no amplification was observed with dna from ... | 1989 | 2584377 |
| cloning of a hemolysin gene from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | a dna fragment encoding both hemolysin and sphingomyelinase c activity was cloned from the pathogenic bacterium leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. initial clones were obtained by screening a genomic library in embl3 for hemolytic activity. both hemolytic and sphingomyelinase c activities were coded for by a 3.9-kilobase bamhi fragment. the hemolysin was expressed from its own promoter in escherichia coli k-12. similar dna sequences were also present in the serovars tarassovi and ballum. | 1989 | 2744864 |
| dna probe for detection of the leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo genotype hardjo-bovis. | a dna probe is described for the diagnostic and taxonomic identification of the north american cattle pathogen leptospira interrogans genotype hardjo-bovis. the probe is specific for this genotype and does not hybridize to genomic dna of any other leptospire pathogen commonly found in north america. | 1987 | 2826538 |
| repetitive sequence element cloned from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis provides a sensitive diagnostic probe for bovine leptospirosis. | a repetitive sequence element was cloned from the primary etiological agent causing bovine leptospirosis in north america, leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. this element was used to design a sensitive diagnostic probe which distinguishes hardjo-bovis from other pathogenic leptospires which commonly infect domestic animals in north america and discriminates between hardjo-bovis and the reference strain for serovar hardjo, hardjoprajitno. by using this probe, it was possible ... | 1988 | 3230128 |
| isolation of leptospira hardjo from kidneys of ontario cattle at slaughter. | kidneys from 117 cattle from 110 ontario farms were examined at slaughter for leptospires. leptospira hardjo (hardjo-bovis a) was isolated from 11 kidneys and l. kennewicki from one. the isolations were all made (12/89, 13.5%) from beef cattle from feedlots, no isolates being obtained from dairy or beef cattle from extensive farms (0/28). isolations were only made from cattle with antibody titers (greater than or equal to 20) against the serovars recovered. isolation was more sensitive than immu ... | 1987 | 3300922 |
| antimicrobial drug susceptibility of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo isolated from cattle. | the susceptibility to commonly used drugs of 18 isolates of leptospira hardjo from the kidneys of feedlot cattle from different sources was determined quantitatively. all isolates were susceptible to penicillin g, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin. susceptibility to sulphamethazine was ambiguous. no drug resistance was detected and the results were similar to those described for other serovars. | 1988 | 3370565 |
| experimental infection of monkeys with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | grivet monkeys experimentally infected with two different strains of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo showed no signs of severe clinical disease. there were no significant macroscopic lesions in any of the tissues examined, but the organisms were demonstrated in various tissues by immunofluorescent technique and were isolated from the blood and urine of two monkeys and the kidney of one. abraded skin was shown to be a viable route of infection in non-human primates. | 1987 | 3549342 |
| serological studies on british isolates of the sejroe serogroup of leptospira. ii. an evaluation of the factor analysis method of identifying leptospires using strains belonging to the sejroe serogroup. | twelve british isolates of leptospira belonging to the sejroe serogroup were examined using a series of six factor sera prepared by a number of different absorption methods. ten of the isolates were identified as leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo and two as l. interrogans serovar saxkoebing. these isolates had previously been identified using the cross agglutination absorption method. | 1987 | 3609168 |
| serological studies of british leptospiral isolates of the sejroe serogroup. iii. the distribution of leptospires of the sejroe serogroup in the british isles. | some 94 strains of leptospires belonging to the sejroe serogroup isolated in the british isles were identified to the serovar level using specific factor sera. seventy strains were identified as leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, 66 from cattle, 2 from pigs and 1 each from a sheep foetus and a human. twenty-four strains were identified as l. interrogans serovar saxkoebing, most strains were isolated from either wood mice, bank or field voles but strains were also isolated from badgers, a fox ... | 1987 | 3609169 |
| serological studies on british leptospiral isolates of the sejroe serogroup. i. the identification of british isolates of the sejroe serogroup by the cross agglutinin absorption test. | using the cross agglutinin absorption test 12 british leptospiral isolates of the sejroe serogroup were identified to serovar level. six strains isolated from cattle, two from pigs and one from a human were identified as leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. two isolates from wildlife were identified as leptospira interrogans serovar saxkoebing. one further strain isolated from wildlife closely resembled serovar saxkoebing, but specific identification was not possible. these are the first repor ... | 1986 | 3734440 |
| identification and characterization of the protein antigens of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | we radiolabeled leptospira proteins with [35s]methionine. solubilized extracts of radiolabeled l. interrogans serovar hardjo strain hardjoprajitno were analyzed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. we compared the protein profile obtained in this manner to the protein profiles of various [35s]methionine-labeled leptospira spp. the profiles of the pathogenic l. interrogans strains were very similar but not identical and exhibited no obviou ... | 1985 | 3988343 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining specific immunoglobulin m in infections caused by leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | an automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting specific immunoglobulin m in infections with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was evaluated on 69 patients. the test was sensitive and simple to perform, requiring a single dilution of test serum, with data expressed as units of antibody activity interpolated from a reference serum pool. | 1985 | 4077964 |
| enhancement of leptospira hardjo agglutination titers in sheep and goat serum by heat inactivation. | heat inactivation of sheep serum samples resulted in the detection of an additional 9% reactors to leptospira hardjo that were negative on the initial test of fresh samples. treatment with edta gave results generally similar to heat inactivation suggesting that complement was responsible for the inhibition of agglutination. tests on heat inactivated serum from experimentally infected sheep and goats revealed enhanced titers or reactions which were not detected in fresh serum. | 1984 | 6426764 |
| leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona: causes of infections in dairy cows and humans in florida. | leptospirosis was diagnosed in 11 milkers on 3 dairy farms in a florida county. serologic test results identified leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo as the infecting organism in milkers and cows on one farm, and hardjo was isolated from two cows. on the second farm, serovars hardjo and pomona were implicated serologically in the cows and milkers, and pomona was isolated from two milkers. on the third farm, hardjo infection was identified by serologic tests in one milker, and hardjo was isolat ... | 1981 | 7232685 |
| isolation of a hamster-lethal strain of leptospira hardjo. | | 1980 | 7438010 |
| detection and identification of leptospira interrogans serovars by pcr coupled with restriction endonuclease analysis of amplified dna. | primers for pcr were selected from a sequenced fragment of clone pl590, which contains a repetitive element present in the genome of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno (m. l. pacciarini, m. l. savio, s. tagliabue, and c. rossi, j. clin. microbiol. 30:1243-1249, 1992). a specific dna fragment was amplified from the genomic dnas of serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno and nine serovars also belonging to l. interrogans as a consequence of the spread of the same or a closely rel ... | 1994 | 8027346 |
| development and initial evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo antibodies in bovine sera. | outer sheath antigen from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno and acetic acid extracted antigens from serovar hardjo types hardjoprajitno and hardjobovis were evaluated in an immunoassay for ability to detect hyperimmune rabbit serum to serovar hardjo. the degree of cross-reactivity with hyperimmune rabbit sera to l. interrogans serovars pomona, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, canicola and sejroe, and leptospira biflexa serovar patoc was also measured for each antigen. all of t ... | 1997 | 9342449 |
| development of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis antibodies in bovine sera. | a murine monoclonal antibody (designated m553) that binds to an epitope on whole cell antigens prepared from leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno, was produced and incorporated into a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine antibodies to serovar hardjo. the epitope recognized by m553 was susceptible to periodate oxidation. the m553 antibody was characterized by western blot with h ... | 1997 | 9342450 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno. | murine monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a killed whole-cell antigen prepared from leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis. six of these antibodies recognized epitopes on the homologous antigen and on whole-cell antigen prepared from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno. these antibodies did not cross-react with whole-cell antigens prepared from l. borgpetersenii serovar sejroe, 10 other pathogenic leptospira serovars, or th ... | 1999 | 9918336 |
| competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona antibodies in bovine sera. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a specific monoclonal antibody (m898) was developed for detection of bovine antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. this assay was evaluated using field sera (n = 190) with serovar pomona microscopic agglutination test (mat) titers of > or =100 as the positive population (group a); field sera (n = 1,445) which were negative in the mat (1:100 dilution) for serovar pomona (group b); and sera (from a specific-pathogen-free c ... | 2001 | 11139193 |
| leptospirosis. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic infection with a much greater incidence in tropical regions and has now been identified as one of the emerging infectious diseases. the epidemiology of leptospirosis has been modified by changes in animal husbandry, climate, and human behavior. resurgent interest in leptospirosis has resulted from large outbreaks that have received significant publicity. the development of simpler, rapid assays for diagnosis has been based largely on the recognition that ear ... | 2001 | 11292640 |
| evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detecting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin antibodies in bulk milk. | two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the detecting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin antibodies in bulk milk were developed and evaluated for potential use in control programs. the elisas were based on either lipopolysacharide (lps elisa) or flagellar antigen (gp elisa). sensitivity was determined with 79 case herds with a wide range of clinical signs. specificity was determined with 125 dutch and 200 swedish control herds. the relation between antibodies in bulk ... | 2001 | 11687438 |
| protective killed leptospira borgpetersenii vaccine induces potent th1 immunity comprising responses by cd4 and gammadelta t lymphocytes. | leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo is the most common cause of bovine leptospirosis and also causes zoonotic infections of humans. a protective killed vaccine against serovar hardjo was shown to induce strong antigen-specific proliferative responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from vaccinated cattle by 2 months after the first dose of vaccine. this response was absent from nonvaccinated control cattle. the mean response peaked by 2 months after completion of the two-dose v ... | 2001 | 11705932 |
| an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine antibodies to multiple leptospira serovars. | an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of bovine antibodies to multiple pathogenic leptospira serovars, including canicola, copenhageni (represents icterohaemorrhagiae), grippotyphosa, hardjobovis, pomona, and sejroe. the antigen utilized in this assay was a sonicated mixture of equal parts of killed whole cells of each of the 6 serovars named above. a mouse monoclonal antibody against bovine immunoglobulin (ig)g1 that was conjugated with horseradish peroxi ... | 2004 | 14979428 |
| a review of neospora caninum in dairy and beef cattle--a canadian perspective. | neospora caninum is one of the most important causes of abortion in cows. the occurrence of n. caninum infection in beef and dairy cattle has been reported worldwide, and in most provinces in canada. the objective of this review is to summarize our current understanding of n. caninum in dairy and beef cattle for canadian bovine practitioners. the review covers the life cycle of the agent, its mechanisms of transmission, clinical signs, and tests for diagnosing the infection. data on the prevalen ... | 2005 | 15884645 |
| immunization of cattle with live tachyzoites of neospora caninum confers protection against fetal death. | neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes abortion in cattle. it is normally found as a latent infection controlled by a t-helper-cell type 1 response involving cd4(+) cytotoxic t cells and gamma interferon. cattle may be infected by two different routes: transplacentally as a result of activation of the latent infection in the mother causing congenital infection or abortion and by ingestion of oocysts, which, if it occurs during gestation, can also result in a ... | 2007 | 17145943 |
| immunization of cattle with live tachyzoites of neospora caninum confers protection against fetal death. | neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes abortion in cattle. it is normally found as a latent infection controlled by a t-helper-cell type 1 response involving cd4(+) cytotoxic t cells and gamma interferon. cattle may be infected by two different routes: transplacentally as a result of activation of the latent infection in the mother causing congenital infection or abortion and by ingestion of oocysts, which, if it occurs during gestation, can also result in a ... | 2007 | 17145943 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in cattle in the south okanagan district of british columbia. | an outbreak of leptospirosis due to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in the south okanagan district of british columbia was investigated. the infection was associated primarily with bulls, but serovar hardjo was isolated from both bulls and cows at slaughter. kidney and cerebrospinal fluid were found to contain leptospires, independently of the presence and level of serum agglutinins. treatment of a bull twice in six months with dihydrostreptomycin failed to diminish an agglutinin titer (1/ ... | 1985 | 17422584 |
| the successful management of leptospirosa hardjo infection in a beef herd in northern ontario. | abortion, premature calving, hemolytic anemia and fatal hematuria were associated with high levels (titer > 10(-4)) of antibody to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo and with isolation of hardjo in a herd of 265 beef cattle in the great clay belt of northern ontario. this herd was bred by artificial insemination, after heat detection by vasectomized bulls. the antibody prevalence rate in the herd was 54 to 60% over a five year period. the rate tended to reach 100% by age three years and to be ... | 1986 | 17422716 |
| failure of a seropositive bull to transmit leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection to heifers. | | 1989 | 17423215 |
| leptospirosis vaccines. | abstract: leptospirosis is a serious infection disease caused by pathogenic strains of the leptospira spirochetes, which affects not only humans but also animals. it has long been expected to find an effective vaccine to prevent leptospirosis through immunization of high risk humans or animals. although some leptospirosis vaccines have been obtained, the vaccination is relatively unsuccessful in clinical application despite decades of research and millions of dollars spent. in this review, the r ... | 2007 | 18072968 |
| upregulation of cytokines is detected in the placentas of cattle infected with neospora caninum and is more marked early in gestation when fetal death is observed. | the protozoan parasite neospora caninum causes fetal death after experimental infection of pregnant cattle in early gestation, but the fetus survives a similar infection in late gestation. an increase in th1-type cytokines in the placenta in response to the presence of the parasite has been implicated as a contributory factor to fetal death due to immune-mediated pathological alterations. we measured, using real-time reverse transcription-pcr and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of ... | 2008 | 18362132 |
| bayesian inference for within-herd prevalence of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo using bulk milk antibody testing. | leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world and human mortality from severe disease forms is high even when optimal treatment is provided. leptospirosis is also one of the most common causes of reproductive losses in cattle worldwide and is associated with significant economic costs to the dairy farming industry. herds are tested for exposure to the causal organism either through serum testing of individual animals or through testing bulk milk samples. using serum results ... | 2009 | 19628639 |
| invited review: the role of contagious disease in udder health. | contagious diseases are a threat to animal health and productivity, both nationally and at the farm level. this makes implementation of biosecurity measures to prevent their introduction and spread within countries and farms a necessity. mastitis is the most common and costly contagious disease affecting dairy farms in the western world. the major mastitis pathogens are endemic in most countries, and biosecurity measures to prevent introduction and transmission must therefore be implemented at f ... | 2009 | 19762787 |
| serological patterns of brucellosis, leptospirosis and q fever in bos indicus cattle in cameroon. | brucellosis, leptospirosis and q fever are important infections of livestock causing a range of clinical conditions including abortions and reduced fertility. in addition, they are all important zoonotic infections infecting those who work with livestock and those who consume livestock related products such as milk, producing non-specific symptoms including fever, that are often misdiagnosed and that can lead to severe chronic disease. this study used banked sera from the adamawa region of camer ... | 2010 | 20098670 |
| up regulation of the maternal immune response in the placenta of cattle naturally infected with neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite which is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. it forms persistent infections which recrudesce during pregnancy leading to foetal infection and in a proportion of cases, abortion. the mechanisms underlying abortion are not understood. in this study, recrudescence of a persistent infection in eight naturally infected cows occurred between 20 and 33 weeks of gestation. animals were killed at the time of recrudescence and parasites we ... | 2011 | 21283810 |
| electrocardiographic changes in hospitalized patients with leptospirosis over a 10-year period. | the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of ecg changes in patients with leptospirosis regardless of clinical evidence of cardiac involvement. | 2011 | 21709630 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in bulk tank milk from unvaccinated irish dairy herds. | : bulk tank milk samples, collected from 347 herds throughout the republic of ireland using a sampling frame based on seven milk-recording organisations, were tested by elisa for antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. these herds, which had not been vaccinated against leptospirosis within the previous five years, were categorised according to their province, milk-recording organisation and size. two-hundred-and-seventy-three herds (79%) had a positive elisa titre. both the probabil ... | 2004 | 21851657 |
| detection of leptospiral antibodies by microscopic agglutination test in north-east of iran. | to detect leptospiral antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (mat) in north-east of iran. | 2011 | 23569764 |
| design and descriptive epidemiology of the infectious diseases of east african livestock (ideal) project, a longitudinal calf cohort study in western kenya. | there is a widely recognised lack of baseline epidemiological data on the dynamics and impacts of infectious cattle diseases in east africa. the infectious diseases of east african livestock (ideal) project is an epidemiological study of cattle health in western kenya with the aim of providing baseline epidemiological data, investigating the impact of different infections on key responses such as growth, mortality and morbidity, the additive and/or multiplicative effects of co-infections, and th ... | 2013 | 24000820 |
| a survey of zoonotic diseases in trade cattle slaughtered at tanga city abattoir: a cause of public health concern. | to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis, brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in slaughtered bovine stock (aged ±3 years) at tanga city abattoir, tanzania. | 2012 | 23569835 |
| seroprevalence of bovine leptospiral antibodies by microscopic agglutination test in southeast of iran. | to evaluate serological findings of bovine leptospirosis which is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by leptospira interrogans. | 2014 | 25182718 |
| seroprevalence of brucella abortus and leptospira hardjo in cattle. | the aim was to assess the seroprevalence of b. abortus and leptospira hardjo in the cattle population of bihar, this work was carried out. | 2015 | 27047076 |
| serological diagnosis of leptospirosis in bovine serum samples using a microsphere immunoassay. | leptospirosis causes significant economic loss within the cattle industry worldwide. current diagnostic methods are generally inadequate for dealing with large numbers of samples, are outdated, and provide little useful diagnostic and epidemiological information. this aim of this study was to apply a microsphere immunoassay (mia), utilising luminex xmap technology, to 200 bovine serum samples to determine this method's usefulness in leptospirosis diagnosis in comparison with the current gold sta ... | 2016 | 26835139 |
| maternal and foetal immune responses of cattle following an experimental challenge with neospora caninum at day 70 of gestation. | the immune responses of pregnant cattle and their foetuses were examined following inoculation on day 70 of gestation either intravenously (iv) (group 1) or subcutaneously (sc) (group 2) with live nc1 strain tachyzoites or with vero cells (control) (group 3). peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) responses to neospora antigen and foetal viability were assessed throughout the experiment. two animals from each group were sacrificed at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post inoculation (pi). at post mortem ... | 2012 | 22536795 |
| phenotypic characterisation of the cellular immune infiltrate in placentas of cattle following experimental inoculation with neospora caninum in late gestation. | despite neospora caninum being a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide, its pathogenesis is not completely understood. neospora infection stimulates host cell-mediated immune responses, which may be responsible for the placental damage leading to abortion. the aim of the current study was to characterize the placental immune response following an experimental inoculation of pregnant cattle with n. caninum tachyzoites at day 210 of gestation. cows were culled at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post ino ... | 2013 | 23876124 |
| infrared thermography detects febrile and behavioural responses to vaccination of weaned piglets. | an automated, non-invasive system for monitoring of thermoregulation has the potential to mitigate swine diseases through earlier detection. measurement of radiated temperature of groups of animals by infrared thermography (irt) is an essential component of such a system. this study reports on the feasibility of monitoring the radiated temperature of groups of animals as a biomarker of immune response using vaccination as a model for febrile disease. in study a, weaned pigs were either treated w ... | 2014 | 25274013 |
| infrared thermography detects febrile and behavioural responses to vaccination of weaned piglets. | an automated, non-invasive system for monitoring of thermoregulation has the potential to mitigate swine diseases through earlier detection. measurement of radiated temperature of groups of animals by infrared thermography (irt) is an essential component of such a system. this study reports on the feasibility of monitoring the radiated temperature of groups of animals as a biomarker of immune response using vaccination as a model for febrile disease. in study a, weaned pigs were either treated w ... | 2014 | 25274013 |
| oriental theileriosis in dairy cows causes a significant milk production loss. | oriental theileriosis is a tick-borne, protozoan disease of cattle caused by members of the theileria orientalis-complex. recent outbreaks of this disease in eastern australia have caused major concerns to the dairy and beef farming communities, but there are no published studies of the economic impact of this disease. on a farm in victoria, australia, we assessed whether oriental theileriosis has an impact on milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cows. | 2014 | 24552213 |
| diagnosis and management of venereal campylobacteriosis in beef cattle. | bovine venereal campylobacteriosis is caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and its glycerine-tolerant variant campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovars intermedius. the disease can be economically important when present in cattle herds, causing poor reproductive performance, embryo mortality and abortion. sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are required in the diagnosis of infection and to inform and monitor disease control. current tests include bacterial culture and fluoresc ... | 2014 | 25428802 |
| high rate of transplacental infection and transmission of neospora caninum following experimental challenge of cattle at day 210 of gestation. | in order to investigate the pathogenesis of neosporosis following a primary infection in late pregnancy, cattle were subcutaneously challenged with 5 × 108neospora caninum (nc1 isolate) tachyzoites at day 210 of gestation and serial necropsies were then carried out at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post-infection (dpi). no abortions occurred and all the foetuses were viable at the time of euthanasia. there was a high rate of vertical transmission, as parasites were detected by immunohistochemical labell ... | 2012 | 23228067 |
| why do so many calves die on modern dairy farms and what can we do about calf welfare in the future? | poor bovine neonatal survival rates are an international animal welfare issue. the key modifiable risk factors associated with such loss are age at first calving in primiparae, calf breed, gender and gestation length and calving management. the primary causes of mortality in the perinatal period are calving problems, in particular dystocia, defined as both difficult and abnormal calvings. calf loss rates are rising on modern dairy farms in many countries internationally. high calf loss rates are ... | 2013 | 26479751 |