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protection of cattle against natural challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo using a hardjo-pomona vaccine. 1979292918
effect of chilling and freezing on survival of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in naturally infected pig kidneys. 1979292921
protection of sheep by vaccination against artificial challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. 1979292933
experimental infection of sheep with leptospira interrogans: serovars hardjo and balcanica. 1979292934
the effect of leptospira interrogans serotype pomona infection on some characteristics of pig urine. 1977275705
relationship between cell coiling and motility of spirochetes in viscous environments.the lowest viscosity that stops translational motility of cells (minimum immobilizing viscosity [miv] was determined for various spirochetes. the viscous agent used was polyvinylpyrrolidone, the miv for either spirochaeta halophila p1 or spirochaeta aurantia j4t was approximately 1,000 centipoise (cp), and for leptospira interrogans (biflexa) b16 the miv was greater than 500 cp. in comparison, the miv for the flagellated bacteria escherichia coli and spirillum serpens was 60 cp. miv values for t ...1977330506
clinical and biochemical changes in sheep inoculated with leptospira interrogans serotype pomona. 1977275721
leptospira interrogans serotype pomona infection in pigs: prevention of leptospiruria by immunisation before exposure to a natural infection. 1977275680
the serology of calves vaccinated and challenged with leptospira interrogans serotype pomona. i. agglutination and complement fixation reactions. 1977275672
radioimmunoassay system using a serovar-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen of leptospira.the serovar-specific main (tm) antigen of leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos strain kyoto was labeled with sodium boro[3h]hydride after 1 h of oxidation with periodate. when 50 ng of the labeled compound was employed, 50% of the compound was bound to the antibodies contained in 7.5 x 10(-2) nl of anti-kremastos kyoto serum. under this condition, only 9 ng of the homologous tm antigen was required for 50% inhibition of serovar kremastos kyoto 3h-tm antigen-anti-kremastos kyoto serum binding ...197990682
experimentally induced leptospirosis in coyotes (canis latrans).infection of coyotes (canis latrans) with leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, canicola, and copenhageni was accomplished by percutaneous inoculation. bacteriologic, serologic, histopathologic, and fluorescent antibody techniques were used to investigate the infections. leptospiremia was established with pomona. leptospiruria was demonstrated with the three serovars. serovar canicola was recovered from one coyote 134 days after it was inoculated.1979525917
immunity to leptospirosis: bacterins in dogs and hamsters.resistance to clinical and renal leptospirosis in dogs vaccinated with a bacterin containing leptospira interrogans serotype canicola and leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was demonstrated. the relationship between resistance induced in vaccinated dogs and that induced in vaccinated hamsters was also demonstrated, using criteria of leptospiremia, renal infection, leptospiruria, and clinical signs of disease in dogs and death in hamsters.1975234704
immunity to leptospirosis: antiserums in dogs and hamsters.resistance to clinical and renal leptospirosis in dogs injected with antiserum to leptospira interrogans serotype canicola and leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was demonstrated. the relationship between resistance induced in serum-injected hamsters was also demonstrated, using criteria of leptospiremia, renal infection, leptospiruria, and clinical signs of disease in dogs and death in hamsters.1975234703
broadly reacting precipitating and agglutinating antigen of leptospirae.a saprophytic leptospira biflexa strain of equine origin was found which cross-reacts with immune rabbit antisera to 14 pathogenic leptospira interrogans serotypes. sera from goats experimentally inoculated with the saprophyte showed multiple low-level cross-agglutination reactions against a battery of live l. interrogans serotypes. sonically treated and saline-extracted suspensions of the l. biflexa strain and serotypes canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona yielded a common precipitating pr ...197883327
nature of antigenic determinant of serovar-specific antigen of leptospira interrogans serovar hebdomadis.the nondialyzable delipidized serovar-specific main antigen (ndtm antigen) of leptospira interrogans serovar hebdomadis strain hebdomadis (a variant which can grow in a synthetic medium) showed a strong inhibition of the complement fixation between the serovar-specific main (tm) antigen of this strain and the homologous antiserum. the inhibitory effect of the ndtm antigen was completely lost by treating the antigen with proteolytic enzymes, and the fractions of tm antigen containing amino sugar, ...197883525
[in vitro and in vivo activity of tiamulin against leptospires (author's transl)].the minimal growth inhibiting concentration of tiamulin, a derivative of the diterpen antibiotic pleuromutilin, was evaluated in vitro against 11 different serogroups of leptospira interrogans by twofold serial dilution technique, in comparison to tetracyclin, dihydrostreptomycin and tylosin. the range of the mic values of tiamulin is between 0.07 and 2.5 microgram/ml and thus comparable to the activities of the standard antibiotics tested (see table 1). the chemotherapeutic efficacy (ed50) of t ...197774926
serological studies and isolations of serotype hardjo and leptospira biflexa strains from horses of argentina.three pathogenic leptosipras and 12 saprophytic leptospira biflexa strains were isolated from 72 apparently normal horse kidneys collected at an abattoir in argentina. cross-agglutination reaction patterns of the pathogens showed that they were antigenically homologous with members of the hebdomadis group. when one of the strains was compared to hebdomadis serotypes in reciprocal agglutination-absorption tests, it was found to be serologically homologous to serotype hardjo. this is the first kno ...197659735
plate assay for detection of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona hemolysin.a plate assay which utilizes the addition of a blood agar overlay for detection of hemolysin by colonies of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona is described.1979528687
isolation of antigenic variants from leptospiras grown in vitro and from heart blood of guinea pigs inoculated with a clonized strain of leptospira.a clonized culture of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni strain shibaura (cl-shibaura) was inoculated into guinea pigs. the heart blood of the guinea pigs, obtained at the febrile stage and inoculated onto the solid serum medium containing the homologous immune serum, produced large and small colonies. the serological examinations revealed that the large colonies were found mainly to be the antigenic variants, while the small colonies were mostly the parent. the antigenic variants accoun ...197944789
survival of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in an acidic soil under simulated new zealand field conditions.leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was found to survive for at least 42 days in a typical new zealand soil under simulated winter field conditions. the soil was markedly acidic with a ph of 5.5 and survival times were not reduced even when its water content was only 23%. the values of both these parameters are considerably less than previously recorded for the survival of leptospires in soil. two methods were used to recover leptospires from the soil microflora. one was the culture of a membr ...197830123
the effects of alkalinity and hypertonicity on the morphology and motility of leptospira interrogans (biflexa) strain b16.effects of alkalinity and hypertonicity on the motile behaviour of leptospira interrogans (biflexa) b16 were observed, quantified, and compared with effects previously shown by similar factors on the motility of eubacteria. leptospira interrogans tolerated relatively high concentrations of hydroxide ions. motility similar to that in controls was observed at ph values up to 9-8; but at ph 10-0 motility declined sharply with time of exposure, and there was structural alteration, visible as a blebb ...197610348
experimentally induced leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis infections in young swine.leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis strain 621 was proven to be infective for swine by intranasal and ocular inoculation and by contact exposure. the course of the disease was that of a chronic asymptomatic infection. throughout the experiment, leptospires were observed in all tissues examined by darkfield microscopy of 10% tissue suspensions and examination by indirect fluorescent antibody technique of frozen tissue sections. infected pigs had increasing antibody titers, as determined by ...1979525853
serologic survey for leptospirosis in coyotes in northcentral kansas.during 1975 to 1977, serum samples were collected from 101 adult coyotes (canis latrans) captured in northcentral kansas. ten samples were seropositive by microagglutination testing and six of those samples were seropositive for multiple serovars. titers for leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa, pyrogenes, djasiman, butembo, and pomona were demonstrated.1979521368
immunity induced in hamsters vaccinated with a ribosome extract of leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae. 1979489623
leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection of cattle.a survey of normal cattle in the southern victorian statistical divisions revealed that microscopic agglutination titres to l. hardjo occur at high frequency and are distributed throughout the cattle population. these titres are difficult to interpret as they may represent recent or old exposure, with or without disease. l. hardjo infection of dairy cattle was studied in 4 herds using the microscopic agglutination and complement-fixation tests. statistical comparisons of individual titres obtain ...1979435201
axial filament involvement in the motility of leptospira interrogans.motility mutants of leptospira interrogans serovar illini were isolated and analyzed by dark-field and electron microscopy. mutants were obtained by screening for small colonies after nitrosoguanidine treatment. one class of mutants did not have hook- or spiral-shaped ends. in addition, the axial filaments from these mutants were not coiled. an analysis of revertants of two of the mutants in this class indicated that the mutations were pleiotropic with respect to motility, hook- and spiral-shape ...1979438121
leptospira interrogans serovar pomona vaccines with different adjuvants in cattle. 1979388262
a sero-epidemiological study of leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica in four brush-tailed possum populations in victoria, australia.the microscopic agglutination (ma) test was utilised to study the prevalence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in 4 populations of brush-tailed possums (trichosurus vulpecula). the overall antibody prevalence varied from 14% to 66%; however, the age distribution of ma test titres was remarkably similar in all 4 populations. antibody prevalence was similar in both males and females and demonstrable antibodies were limited to sexually mature animals. the greater prevalence of ...1979485985
helix handedness of leptospira interrogans as determined by scanning electron microscopy.representative serovars and strains of the seven genetic groups of leptospira interrogans, and two previously studied serovars, were all found to form exclusively right-handed helices as determined by scanning electron microscopy. no change in handedness occurred in cells grown in a minimal medium (tween-80 albumin) compared to cells grown in a rich medium (rabbit serum). the right-handedness of the organisms was related to the evolution, cell wall structure, and the mechanism of motility of l. ...1979438122
experimental infection of calves and sheep with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica.two of four calves inoculated with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica developed low microscopic agglutinating (ma) titres to serovar hardjo. a third calf had an ma titre of 1:1024 by day 19 post-inoculation (pi). transient leptospiruria was recorded in one calf on days 12 and 13 pi. an in-contact calf did not seroconvert. none of the calves had fever or other clinical signs of disease. four ewes inoculated with balcanica developed ma titres to hardjo by day 13 pi, and a transient leptospir ...1979548016
chronic active hepatitis in dogs associated with leptospires.chronic active hepatitis was diagnosed in five american foxhounds from one kennel. spirochetes were demonstrated in the liver in four of the dogs. a rising titer to leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa was found in the fifth dog, although spirochetes were not demonstrated in tissues. a serologic survey at the kennel revealed evidence of exposure of 6 of 13 dogs to grippotyphosa. this is the first report of an association between chronic active hepatitis leptospiral infection in any speci ...1979475136
viability of leptospira interrogans serotype grippotyphosa in swine urine and blood.normal swine urine, devoid of its microbial flora, diminished the viability and virulence of leptospira interrogans serotype grippotyphosa. bovine serum albumin diluent effectively offset the urine's deleterious effects. membrane filtration (0.45 micrometer) rendered urine free of bacteria, but permitted passage of limited numbers of leptospires. most of the commonly used anticoagulants did not alter viability of grippotyphosa in whole blood. however, edta significantly reduced the number of via ...1978412643
lethal infections caused by leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in immunosuppressed hamsters. 1979539944
use of hamster antisera in the preliminary differentiation of leptospira interrogans servars hardjo and balcanica.preliminary differentiation of leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and balcanica can be made with antisera that are collected from hamsters after experimental infection with serovar hardjo and selected for high homologous and low or nil heterologous titres, as measured by the microscopic agglutination test. rabbit antisera against serovars hardjo and balcanica, cattle antisera against hardjo and sheep antisera against the serogroup hebdomadis each agglutinated hardjo and balcanica to a simila ...1978567250
leptospira interrogans serovar tarassovi in new zealand. 19761069932
leptospirosis in new england.although rarely reported in humans in new england, leptospirosis is enzootic in western and central massachusetts. recently there were three cases of leptospira interrogans, serotype var pomona, in easthampton, mass. our study and others indicate a potential for waterborne epidemics in humans.1977578899
isolation of leptospira interrogans, serotype balcanica from a brush-tailed opossum (trichosurus vulpecula) 1977612328
leptospirosis in zoo workers associated with bears.leptospirosis due to leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae was diagnosed in two zoo animal keepers. the implicated source of infection was bear cubs that had microscopic agglutination antibody titers to leptospires of the icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup.1978626276
leptospira interrogans serotype pomona in saskatchewan: isolation from a naturally infected striped skunk.leptospira interrogans serotype pomona was isolated from the kidneys of a normal striped skunk (mephitis mephitis hudsonicus) collected near kindersley, saskatchewan. although there were no gross lesions, small foci of chronic interstitial nephritis were observed microscopically. this is the first reported isolation of serotype pomona for the prairie provinces.1977597790
enzymatic degradation of h2o2 by leptospira.the enzymes responsible for reducing h2o2 were surveyed in 49 strains of leptospira by using semiquantitative assays for catalase and peroxidase. the survey revealed a differential distribution of catalase and peroxidase activities between the two leptospiral complexes. the pathogenic leptospira interrogans strains gave strong catalase and weak or negative peroxidase reactions. conversely, the nonpathogenic leptospira biflexa strains gave strong peroxidase and negative or weak catalase reactions ...1978730380
survey of leptospiral agglutinins in the sera of swine of southeastern alabama.the occurrence of leptospirosis in swine of southeastern alabama was determined. a total of 627 sera were tested, using the microscopic agglutination method, with live antigens of 12 serovars. of the sera tested, 121 (19.3%) had a titer of 1:100 or greater to the serovars employed. the percentage distribution of sera with titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 among serovars most commonly reported was as follows: leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, 3.8%; icterohaemorrhagiae, 3.3%; canicola ...1979507487
a serological survey of leptospira interrogans serotype pomona in saskatchewan horses.leptospira interrogans serotype pomona antibody titres of 1:100 or greater were detected in 12.8% of 408 adult horses from seven of eight sampled herds in saskatchewan. the geographical distribution of the seropositive horses was widespread throughout the agricultural area of the province. the geographical distribution and the cumulative increase in prevalence with age suggested that serotype pomona is enzootic in the equine population of saskatchewan.1979487358
experimental infections of brush-tailed possums, common wombats and water rats with leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and hardjo.of 12 brush-tailed possums (trichosurus vulpecula) inoculated with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica 11 developed migroagglutination (ma) antibody to jardjo antigen by 14 days postincubation (pi). leptospiruria was observed in 2 possums 117 to 145 days pi. of 6 possums inoculated with serovar hardjo 4 developed low short-lived titres by day 18 pi. two of 3 wombats (vombatus ursinus) inoculated with balcanica had high ma titres (greater than or equal to 1:128) by day 16 pi and leptospiruri ...1979533478
pathogenesis of experimental leptospira interrogans, serovar bataviae, infection in the dog: microbiological, clinical, hematologic, and biochemical studies. 1978637394
'viscotaxis', a new behavioural response of leptospira interrogans (biflexa) strain b16.when in a non-viscous environment and confronted with a viscous one, leptospira interrogans (biflexa) strain b16 preferentially selected the latter. we have designated this positive response to a viscosity gradient as 'viscotaxis'. using an originally designed experimental chamber, a pool of leptospires were faced with capillary tubes containing either polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) or n-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-n'-2-ethanesulphonic acid (hepes). leptospires suspended in hepes responded positively t ...1978731206
hazards of disease transfer from marine mammals to land mammals: review and recent findings.in a 5-year study (1972-1977) of microbial agents isolated from both clinically normal and diseased marine mammals, it was shown that certain disease agents are widespread in a diversity of ocean populations and that some are also transmissible to a number of terrestrial mammal species. leptospira interrogans serovar pomona has been isolated repeatedly from 2 species of pinnipeds (zalophus californianus califonianus and callorhinus ursinus). some of the more important bacterial pathogens for lan ...1978738931
immunochemistry of extracts from leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo.antigens from leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo grown in modified korthof's medium were obtained by ethanol and alkaline extraction procedures and their chemical and serological properties were compared. the protein to polysaccharide ratio in the ethanol extract was 1:1-8 and in the alkali extract was 1-7:1. the lipid content of the latter was twice that of the former (8-5%, w/w). there was an inverse relationship of the protein and carbohydrate contents of the two preparations, the total r ...1977894262
experimental infection of calves with leptospira interrogans serotype szwajizak.this is a report on the experimental infection of cattle with leptospira interrogans serotype szwajizak. the principal clinical features in three 4-week-old holstein-friesian heifers intravenously inoculated were fever, listlessness, anorexia, weakness, and diarrhea. szwajizak was isolated from the blood for the first 5 to 8 days after inoculation. leptospires were recovered from kidneys, but not from liver, spleen, brain, or urine. two of the 3 calves produced homologous agglutinins, with maxim ...1978637400
growth, virulence, and immunogenicity of leptospira interrogans serotype szwajizak.leptospira interrogans serotype szwajizak was characterized by (1) its growth in polysorbate 80-bovine albumin medium, (2) its virulence and course of infection in laboratory animals, and (3) its immunogenicity. growth of this organism was continuous and vigorous at 29 c and 37 c in liquid medium for 10 serial subcultures. some specific lots of agar were superior to other agars if tested for the ability to support the growth of small inoculums. individual colonies resulted from growth of small i ...1977921038
immunising potency of leptospira interrogans serotype canicola after heat inactivation at different temperatures.the immunogenicity of leptospira interrogans serotype canicola suspensions inactivated by various degrees of heat exposure was examined in hamsters. no differences between leptospires killed at 50 degrees c and at 98 degrees c were shown. after exposure to 121 degrees c, suspensions retained their ability to protect against lethal infections but lost their ability to prevent leptospiruria. tests with vaccines inactivated at or below 98 degrees c showed that the doses required for complete protec ...19761003455
the route of entry of leptospires into the kidney tubule.to study the migration of leptospira interrogans serotype pomona through the kidney, conventionally-reared mice aged 2 or 3 weeks were infected intraperitoneally with this organism. within the first 4 days, the organisms migrated from the capillary lumina to the interstitial tissue and provoked an interstitial oedema. by the 10th day they were seen between the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules and by the 14th day many were located within tubular lumina. there was no evidence of ...1976933147
susceptibility of mice treated with cyclophosphamide to lethal infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona.mice not normally susceptible to infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona were rendered susceptible to lethal infections by treatment with a single dose of 300 mg of cyclophosphamide (cy) per kg administered optimally from 4 days before to 1 day after infection. cy-treated mice with either passively or actively acquired antibody were protected from death. blood levels of leptospires in infected untreated and in cy-treated mice remained similar until 2 days after infection, when untre ...1976965093
leptospira interrogans serotype pomona infection and leptospiruria in vaccinated pigs. 19761063950
immunological and morphological analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate extract of leptospira.sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) extract of leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae strain shibaura was fractionated by rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradient, and the fractions were analysed immunologically and morphologically. two main peaks of antigenic activities were obtained. the first peak showed activities of strong indirect hemagglutination (iha), weak complement fixation (cf), and low production of agglutinin in mice, and produced 5 precipitin lines in immunodiff ...19761015021
leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo outbreak in a victorian dairy herd and associated infection in man.leptospirosis associated with probable l. hardjo infection was investigated in a dairy herd in a coastal district of western victoria. thirty-six of 110 cows suffered leptospiruria and mastitis characterised by flaccid udders and abnormal milk. one of two media used enabled the isolation of the organism from infected guinea pigs inoculated with fresh urine. microscopic agglutination titres to l. hardjo were elevated during the outbreak. there was an associated human infection.1977901323
letter: serological evidence for infection of sheep with leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo. 19751058382
the serologic and cultural prevalence of leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica in possums (trichosurus vulpecula) in new zealand.in a serologic and cultural survey of 127 brush-tailed possums (trichosurus vulpecula) occupying pasture land in new zealand, leptospires of the hebdomadis serogroup were obtained from 48 (38%) of the animals sampled. eight isolates were identified by cross-absorption agglutin ation studies as being leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. there was a marked age difference in prevalence with 41 positive cultures from 64 mature adults (64%) and no recoveries being made from juveniles. isolation ...1978691129
leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica from a possum. 19761068389
isolation and chemical characterization of outer envelope of leptospira pomona.cells of leptospira interrogans serotype pomona harvested from a chemically defined medium were resuspended in 0.01 m phosphate buffer of ph 7.3. electron microscopy showed that 90 min of exposure effectively ruptured the outer envelope, freeing it from the cells as small flakes. both zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients and centrifugation in isopycnic kbr and cscl gradients could be used to separate the outer envelope from the axial filaments and protoplasmic cylinders. the latter metho ...19751148944
immunoglobulins in cattle vaccinated with leptospiral bacterins.the growth-inhibition test was used to detect specific antibodies against leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo in isolated immunoglobulin (igg and igm) fractions of serums from cattle vaccinated with leptospiral bacterins. the growth-inhibiting antibodies were detected mainly in the igg class. agglutinated clumps also occurred with the igm fraction. the serums collected from cattle 4 months after vaccination were negative in the microscopic agglutination test.19751200444
[detection of leptospiral dna in the serum of 175 patients with early leptospirosis by polymerase chain reaction].we have developed a sensitive assay for leptospira, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). on the basis of the published nucleotides sequence of 23s rrna gene from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton, primers were chosen to produce an amplified fragment of 123 bp. primer a: 5'gat cta att cgc tgt agc agg3' and primer b: 5'act ttc acc ctc tat ggt cgg3' eight different svs. of leptospira interrogans could all be detected by pcr, but the dnas from l. biflexa. leptonema bacteri ...19921298712
leptospirosis in selected wild mammals of the florida panhandle and southwestern georgia.a group of 144 wild mammals, including white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbits, fox squirrels, gray squirrels, raccoons, opossums, a bobcat, and various small rodents was examined for cultural or serologic evidence of leptospiral infection. leptospires were isolated from 1 of 25 rabbits, 1 of 27 fox squirrels, 1 of 26 gray squirrels, 4 of 18 mice and rats, 8 of 21 raccoons, 7 of 17 opossums, and a bobcat. isolations were not made from 6 deer examined. serotypes isolated were leptospira interrogans ...19751176352
immunity to leptospirosis: leptospira interrogans serotype pomona bacterins in cattle.immunity to renal leptospirosis was demonstrated in cattle vaccinated with leptospira interrogans serotype pomona. vaccinated cattle, challenge inoculated with virulent l interrogans serotype pomona organisms 12 months after vaccination, were resistant to renal infection; similarly inoculated, but nonvaccinated, cattle were susceptible to renal infection. relationship was demonstrated between immunity induced in vaccinated cattle and that induced in hamsters vaccinated with a dilution of the sam ...19751115419
studies of antigenic variants of leptospira isolated from experimentally infected mice.antigenic variants were isolated from mice inoculated with a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serotype copenhageni by cultivating the kidney cortex in the liquid or the solidified serum media containing the immune serum against the parent strain. the variants, which were isolated from the mice from 7 to 113 days after infection, were found to be antigenically different from the parent by the agglutinin-absorption test, precipitin-absorption test in gel and guinea pig protection test. th ...1978664984
[the immunochemical and biological properties of leptospira membranes].the immunochemical and biological properties of purified membrane fractions obtained from leptospira interrogans, serovar copenhageni, strain rat 2, and leptospira biflexa, strain patoc 1, were studied. the presence of genus-specific and group-specific antigens in leptospiral membranes was established by the methods of immunodiffusion analysis, the microagglutination (ma) and lysis tests. in animal experiments cell membrane preparations produced no toxic and allergic effects. leptospiral membran ...19921301663
diseases, parasites and survival of coyotes in south-central georgia.serologic testing, radio-telemetry and post-mortem diagnostic evaluations were used to investigate survival and causes of mortality among 17 coyotes (canis latrans) in south-central georgia (usa). prevalence of canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) microfilariae was lower (p = 0.057) among fall-captured (22%) than among winter-captured (75%) coyotes. prevalence of heartworm was higher among adults than juveniles in the fall, but no significant difference was detected between animals captured in ...19921474655
muskrats as carriers of pathogenic leptospires in the netherlands.leptospires were isolated from 24 of 327 (7%) muskrats (ondatra zibethicus) caught in the netherlands. all isolates were identified as leptospira interrogans. one isolate was typed as serovar copenhageni in the icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, one as serovar lora in the australis serogroup. twenty-one isolates showed a close relationship with serovars grippotyphosa, valbuzzi, muelleri and ratnapura from the grippotyphosa serogroup. one isolate was lost. sera from 196 muskrats were examined by the ...19921315497
prevalence of antibody titers to leptospira spp. in minnesota white-tailed deer.serum samples (n = 204) from 124 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern minnesota (usa) were collected from 1984 through 1989 and tested for antibodies to six serovars of leptospira interrogans (bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohemorrhagiae, and pomona) using a microtiter agglutination test. eighty-eight (43%) sera were positive at greater than or equal to 1:100 for antibodies against serovars pomona and/or bratislava; none was positive for any of the other ...19921512878
chemical and biological properties of endotoxin from leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae.1. endotoxin-like activity was extracted with phenol-chloroform-petroleum either (pcp) from leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola. chemical analysis of leptospiral cells obtained from the pcp extract indicated the following distribution of lipopolysaccharide (lps), protein and polysaccharide in mg/ml: 3.0, 4.5 and 1.0 for icterohaemorrhagiae and 3.3, 5.6 and 1.5 for canicola. 2. the preparations presented several biological activities: positive limulus test (1.0 pg/ml) ...19921342222
[the serovars of leptospira interrogans isolated from cases of human leptospirosis in são paulo, brazil].eighteen strains of l. interrogans isolated from human cases were serotyped by the agglutinin-absorption test at instituto adolfo lutz in são paulo, brazil. fourteen were identified as serovar copenhageni (icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup), 2 as canicola (canicola serogroup), 1 as castellonis (ballum serogroup) and 1 as pomona serogroup (serovar not yet defined). the frequency of serovar copenhageni in 100% of the isolates in icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup is emphasized and more studies to verify th ...19921342073
[marking and detection of dna of leptospires in the dot-blot and situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled probes].dna of leptospira interrogans sv. lai strain 017 was labelled with digoxigenin or alpha 32p or biotin and used as probes to detect dna of leptospires. probes labelled with digoxigenin were able to detect 0.1-1 pg of homologous dna and 10(2) of l. interrogans sv. lai strain 017. probes alpha 32p and biotin detected 1 pg and 10 pg of homologous dna and 10(3), 5 x 10(3) of l. interrogans sv. lai strain 017 respectively. these three probes couldn't detect l. biflexa sv. patoc strain patoc i, l. illi ...19921304535
assay for measuring relative potency of leptospiral bacterins containing serovar pomona.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the quantitation of leptospiral antigen in bacterins containing leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki. a monoclonal antibody (mab), 2d7, which is directed against a surface antigen on whole cells of l. interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki, was used in the assay. the capture of antigen in bacterins by a polyclonal antiserum was followed by the addition of the 2d7 ascites fluid, an anti-mouse conjugate and substra ...19921305402
[the identification of leptospira strains of different origins].leptospirosis is at present an ever-increasing problem in human and animal health. by means of the korthof medium, 43 leptospira strains were isolated from samples of human blood, water and soil. for their identification the microagglutination technique was used. the strains corresponded to the species leptospira biflexa and leptospira interrogans.19921344685
detection of leptospiraceae by amplification of 16s ribosomal dna.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed to detect leptospiraceae. primers were used to amplify 1 631 base-pair (bp) 5'-region of 16s rdna. representative strains from the species, leptospira interrogans sensu stricto, l. borgpetersenii, l. noguchii, l. santarosai, l. weilii, l. inadai, l. meyeri and the single member strain of leptonema were amplified. in contrast, strains representing the saprophytic species. l. biflexa, l. wolbachii and l. parva were not amplified. there was no pcr p ...19921372872
specific immunofluorescent staining of pathogenic treponemes with a monoclonal antibody.two hybrid cell lines which produced mouse monoclonal antibody to the dal-1 street strain of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum were established. these monoclonal antibodies strongly reacted with t. pallidum subsp. pallidum (nichols strain, dal-1, and two other street strains, strains mn-1 and mn-3) and t. pallidum subsp. pertenue by indirect microimmunofluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, but they did not react with normal rabbit testicular tissue. these monocl ...19921374079
cloning of dapd, arod and asd of leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, and nucleotide sequence of the asd gene.metabolites such as diaminopimelate and some aromatic derivatives, not synthesized in mammalian cells, are essential for growth of bacteria. as a first step towards the design of a new human live vaccine that uses attenuated strains of leptospira interrogans, the asd, arod and dapd genes, encoding aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 3-dehydroquinase and tetrahydrodipicolinate n-succinyltransferase, respectively, were cloned by complementation of escherichia coli mutants. the complete nucl ...19921348268
[review of the incidence of antibodies to various serological groups of the species leptospira interrogans in a number of farm animals in the netherlands (author's transl)].report on the results of serological studies on the species leptospira interrogans in cattle (19,607), swine (6,348), dogs (182) and horses (88) from the netherlands during the period from 1969 to 1974. living cultures of the serotypes of pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, guidae (tarassovi serological group), grippotyphosa and sejroe were used as antigen in the micro-agglutination test. the numerical findings showed that antibodies to serotypes of the species leptospira interrogans were pre ...1976986091
biotinylated probes to detect leptospira interrogans on dot blot hybridization or by in situ hybridization.total genomic biotinylated probes which can identify leptospires by hybridization on filters or by in situ hybridization are described in this study. according to the weak g + c content of the strains studied (35-39%) and owing to the decreasing melting temperature (tm) due to overbiotinylation, hybridization and wash temperatures were optimized at 33 degrees c and at 42 degrees c respectively. fourteen serovars of leptospira interrogans belonging to 11 different serogroups and three serovars of ...19911367181
polymerase chain reaction for detection of leptospira spp. in clinical samples.a sensitive assay for leptospira spp., the causative agent of leptospirosis, was developed on the basis of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a 331-bp sequence from the leptospira interrogans serovar canicola rrs (16s) gene was amplified, and the pcr products were analyzed by dna-dna hybridization by using a 289-bp fragment internal to the amplified dna. specific pcr products also were obtained with dna from the closely related nonpathogenic leptospira biflexa but not with dna from other spiro ...19921400983
renal dysfunction associated with infection of leptospira interrogans in a horse.renal failure associated with infection of leptospira interrogans was detected in a horse. fever, leukocytosis, pyuria, isosthenuria, and azotemia were suggestive of an inflammatory urinary tract disease. despite persistent pyuria, no bacteria were found during routine microscopic examinations or bacteriologic culturing of urine. a fluorescent antibody examination of the urine was positive for l interrogans. serologic testing during a 6-month period, supported an acute infection with l interroga ...19921429185
comparison of flanking regions of the 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes in leptospira biflexa and leptospira interrogans.one of the genes encoding the 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) for the leptospira biflexa strain patoc i was isolated and sequenced. the physical maps of the 5s rrna genes in leptospira were constructed. the strains of leptospira biflexa had two genes on their chromosome; these two 5s rrna genes were located several kb apart and sequences flanking these genes were divergent. in contrast to saprophytic leptospires, maps in parasitic leptospires that had only one gene for 5s rrna on their geno ...19921376643
scattering of the rrna genes on the physical map of the circular chromosome of leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae.leptospira interrogans is a pathogenic bacterium with a low g+c content (34 to 39%). the restriction enzymes noti, asci, and srfi cut the chromosome of l. interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae into 13, 3, and 5 fragments separable by one- and two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the genome is composed of a circular 4.6-mbp chromosome and a 0.35-mbp extrachromosomal element. a physical map of the chromosome was constructed for noti, asci, and srfi by using single and double ...19921447129
[homology study of leptospires by molecular hybridization].nick translation and random primer labelling method were applied to prepare three genomic dna probes from leptospira interrogans strain 017, leptospira biflexa strain patoc i and leptonema illini strain 3055, and then hybridized with dna of 17 strains leptospires from different genus, species, serogroup and serovar. the results showed no homology between leptospira and leptonema, and only a low degree of homology between l. interrogans and l. biflexa but it showed a high degree of homology among ...19921398616
growth, survival, antigenic stability, and virulence of leptospira interrogans serotype canicola.leptospira interrogans serotype canicola (strain nadl a-13) grew from inocula as small as two cells in liquid polysorbate 80 medium (p-80 medium, in p-60, p-40 and p-20 media, and in p-80 medium from which polysorbate, nh4c1 or thiamine had been omitted. it grew well initially in vitamin b12-deleted p-80 medium, but only with inocula as large as 26 x 10(4) cells per ml. p-80 medium lacking both polysorbate and nh4cl supported light growth from small inocula, but the omission of thiamine and vita ...19761263246
[the detection and analysis of leptospiral dna in patients' serum of early leptospirosis by polymerase chain reaction and dna hybridization with digoxigenin-amppd].we have detected and analysed the leptospiral dna in serum of patients with early leptospirosis from the epidemic area of china by pcr and dna hybridization with digoxigenin (dig)-3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3"-phosphoryloxy)- phenyl-1,2-dioxetane (amppd) to develop a sensitive, specific and reliable technique for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis, and full satisfactory results have obtained. fourteen serum specimens from patients with leptospirosis proven by blood culture and serolog ...19921298711
some leptospira agglutinins detected in domestic animals in british columbia.during a period of six years 7,555 bovine sera, 421 canine sera, 251 porcine sera and 135 equine sera were tested for agglutinins to leptospira interrogans serotypes canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohemorrhagiae, pomona and sejroe. the bovine sera reacted predominantly with hardjo and/or sejroe at a rate of 15% compared to 3.5% with pomona. breeding or abortion problems were associated with pomona but not with sejroe/hardjo agglutinins. the canine sera reacted to canicola (9.9%y and ictero ...19761000389
genome structure of spirochetes.the genome structures of several pathogenic spirochetes have recently been determined. the genomes of borrelia species consist of a linear chromosome of approximately one million base pairs (mb) and various linear and circular plasmids. analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and 16s ribosomal rna sequence data indicate the division of borrelia burgdorferi into at least three distinct genetic groups. leptospira interrogans has a circular chromosome 5 mb in size and a 0.35 mb extrac ...19921362002
antigens involved in the human antibody response to natural infections with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni.serum samples from patients with leptospirosis were screened by the microscopic agglutination test (mat), elisa and by immunoblotting. the latter two tests were performed with l. interrogans serovar copenhageni isolated from human blood culture. immunoblotting with patients' sera revealed antibodies recognizing several leptospiral components in the molecular weight range 14.5-105 kda of both igm and igg response. all patients' serum samples presented igm antibodies reacting with a diffuse band o ...19921495119
comparative analysis of lipopolysaccharide and lipid antigens of leptospira interrogans serovars.lipopolysaccharide (lps) or glycolipid antigens of leptospira interrogans have been candidates as serogroup or serotype specific antigen. in this study, therefore, we prepared the lps and lipid antigens from l. interrogans serovars lai, icterohaemorrhagiae, copenhageni, canicola, pomona, grippotyphosa, and a korean isolate 30r. the lps antigens were analyzed by a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lipid antigens by thin-layer chromatography, respectively. the seroreactivity of the antigens w ...19921502827
immunoblotting study of the antigenic relationships among eight serogroups of leptospira.seven strains of leptospira interrogans belonging to seven different serogroups, and one strain of leptospira biflexa were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) with gradient gels and immunoblotting with hyperimmune rabbit sera raised against each strain. the molecular masses of the proteins were calculated with a polynomial regression model. the sds-page patterns of the l. interrogans strains were similar and characterized by 24 common bands. this prof ...19921455625
immunodominant antigens recognized by the human immune response to infection by organisms of the species leptospira interrogans serogroup australis.serum samples from patients infected by organisms of leptospira interrogans serogroup australis were tested by western blot to determine the nature of major antigens that are involved in the immune response. although there was some patient-to-patient variability, immunodominant genus-specific antigens were found to be proteins of apparent molecular ratio 68, 46 and 35-kda, and lipopolysaccharide (lps) sub-units in the 35-14-kda region. serogroup epitopes specific for australis were exclusively s ...19921515158
experimental infection of pregnant gilts with leptospira interrogans serovar mozdok.three pregnant gilts were experimentally infected with leptospires of the serovar mozdok, isolated from an aborted pig fetus from a portuguese pig farm with abortion problems. all the gilts aborted dead or dying piglets on days 105 or 106 of pregnancy. serovar mozdok was isolated from 12 of the 22 piglets in the three litters. histological examination of the livers and kidneys of the gilts at the end of the experiment revealed evidence of disease, and leptospires were isolated from their kidneys ...19921441176
[infection with leptospira interrogans, serovar mozdok, in cattle].in east germany the same serovar, leptospira mozdok, of the pomona serogroup is found in cattle as well as in swine populations (zieris 1989). nowadays cases of bovine leptospirosis caused by infection with l. pomona have no significance. there are marked epizoological differences between infection with l. mozdok and l. pomona. the main source of infection with l. mozdok for cattle is the black striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius). secondary homonomous transmission occurs among the cattle. th ...19921509476
cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi.the specificity of serological tests for lyme borreliosis is impaired by cross-reacting antibodies. in order to select antigens for more specific tests, specific and cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi must be identified. therefore, to analyze cross reactions of borrelia burgdorferi with other bacteria, rabbit immune sera against heterologous bacteria (borrelia hermsii, treponema pallidum, treponema phagedenis, leptospira interrogans (serogroup grippotyphosa), neisseria meningitidis, ...19921597198
prevalence and serovars of leptospira involved in equine abortions in central kentucky during the 1990 foaling season.a study to determine the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions in the central kentucky equine population during the 1990 foaling season and to determine the leptospira serovars responsible was conducted. from july 1, 1989 through june 30, 1990, 32 (4.4%) of 726 submissions (fetuses, stillborn foals, and/or placentas) were diagnosed as leptospirosis by the fluorescent antibody test and/or microscopic agglutination test. attempts were made to isolate leptospires from the fetal tissues and/or ...19921515489
prevalence of antibodies to five selected zoonosis agents in monkeys.the prevalence of antibodies against 5 zoonosis agents was determined in serum samples of 443 breeding monkeys. of the monkeys, 296 were bred or kept for a long time at r institute, and the remaining 147 were newly imported from the philippines and kept at s institute for quarantine. antibodies to simian virus 40 were highly prevalent at 89.1% among monkeys of r institute, whereas no antibody could be detected in those of s institute. antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and yersinia pseudotuberculo ...19911657210
the isolation and identification of leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava from a pig in germany.during a study on the improvement of selective media for the isolation of leptospires from clinical material, leptospires were isolated from the kidneys of a pig. test material was cultured in emjh-medium containing 0.4% rabbit serum and 3 inhibitory substances (rifampicin 10 micrograms/ml, amphotericin b 2 micrograms/ml, 5-fluorouracil 100 micrograms/ml). the cultured leptospira-strain (berlin 406) was identified to serogroup level using the cross agglutination method and it was further typed t ...19921519413
isolation of leptospira interrogans serovars bratislava and hardjo from swine at slaughter. 19921554777
identification of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete borrelia hermsii by using a species-specific monoclonal antibody.borrelia hermsii causes a relapsing fever in humans and is one of several species of tick-borne spirochetes known to occur in the western united states. spirochetes observed in the peripheral blood of patients acutely ill have been presumptively identified in the past by the geographic location of exposure and the probable species of tick vector. we describe a monoclonal antibody (h9826) that bound to the flagellar protein of b. hermsii but not to those of any of the other species tested, which ...19921572965
leptospirosis in the seychelles.to ascertain the incidence of leptospirosis in the seychelles, identify its sources, review diagnostic features and assess complications.19921545718
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