| multiple alleles of treponema pallidum repeat gene d in treponema pallidum isolates. | two new tprd alleles have been identified in treponema pallidum: tprd2 is found in 7 of 12 t. pallidum subsp. pallidum isolates and 7 of 8 non-pallidum isolates, and tprd3 is found in one t. pallidum subsp. pertenue isolate. antibodies against tprd2 are found in persons with syphilis, demonstrating that tprd2 is expressed during infection. | 2000 | 10735882 |
| tpr homologs in treponema paraluiscuniculi cuniculi a strain. | treponema paraluiscuniculi, the etiologic agent of rabbit venereal syphilis, is morphologically indistinguishable from treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (t. pallidum), the human syphilis treponeme, and induces similar immune responses and histopathologic changes in the infected host. because of their high degree of relatedness, comparative studies are likely to identify genetic determinants that contribute to pathogenesis or virulence in human syphilis. the tpr (treponema pallidum repeat) genes ... | 2004 | 15501788 |
| ocular syphilis among hiv-infected patients: a systematic analysis of the literature. | ocular syphilis among hiv-infected patients continues to be a problem in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) era. however, outside of case reports or small case series, little is known about the clinical, laboratory, and treatment outcomes of these patients. objective to examine the literature on hiv-infected patients and determine the results of treatment. | 2011 | 20798396 |
| ocular syphilis among hiv-infected patients: a systematic analysis of the literature. | ocular syphilis among hiv-infected patients continues to be a problem in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) era. however, outside of case reports or small case series, little is known about the clinical, laboratory, and treatment outcomes of these patients. objective to examine the literature on hiv-infected patients and determine the results of treatment. | 2011 | 20798396 |
| Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: Implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws. | Pathogenic uncultivable treponemes, similar to syphilis-causing Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, include T. pallidum ssp. pertenue, T. pallidum ssp. endemicum and Treponema carateum, which cause yaws, bejel and pinta, respectively. Genetic analyses of these pathogens revealed striking similarity among these bacteria and also a high degree of similarity to the rabbit pathogen, Treponema paraluiscuniculi, a treponeme not infectious to humans. Genome comparisons between pallidum and non-pall ... | 2011 | 22198325 |
| Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: Implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws. | Pathogenic uncultivable treponemes, similar to syphilis-causing Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, include T. pallidum ssp. pertenue, T. pallidum ssp. endemicum and Treponema carateum, which cause yaws, bejel and pinta, respectively. Genetic analyses of these pathogens revealed striking similarity among these bacteria and also a high degree of similarity to the rabbit pathogen, Treponema paraluiscuniculi, a treponeme not infectious to humans. Genome comparisons between pallidum and non-pall ... | 2011 | 22198325 |
| yaws: a second (and maybe last?) chance for eradication. | | 2008 | 18846236 |
| resequencing of treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum strains nichols and ss14: correction of sequencing errors resulted in increased separation of syphilis treponeme subclusters. | treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (tpa), the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly clonal bacterium showing minimal genetic variability in the genome sequence of individual strains. nevertheless, genetically characterized syphilis strains can be clearly divided into two groups, nichols-like strains and ss14-like strains. tpa nichols and ss14 strains were completely sequenced in 1998 and 2008, respectively. since publication of their complete genome sequences, a number of sequencing errors in e ... | 2013 | 24058545 |
| whole genome sequence of the treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum strain bosnia a: the genome is related to yaws treponemes but contains few loci similar to syphilis treponemes. | t. pallidum subsp. endemicum (ten) is the causative agent of bejel (also known as endemic syphilis). clinical symptoms of syphilis and bejel are overlapping and the epidemiological context is important for correct diagnosis of both diseases. in contrast to syphilis, caused by t. pallidum subsp. pallidum (tpa), ten infections are usually spread by direct contact or contaminated utensils rather than by sexual contact. bejel is most often seen in western africa and in the middle east. the strain bo ... | 2014 | 25375929 |
| evolving concepts of specificity in immune reactions. | our goal is to provide a perspective on current understanding of the origins of specificity in immune reactions, a topic that has intrigued scientists for over a century. a fundamental property of adaptive immune responses is the ability to discriminate among an immense variety of substances by means of antibodies (abs) and ab-like receptors on t lymphocytes [t-cell receptors (tcrs)], each able to bind a particular chemical structure [the antigen (ag)] and not, or only weakly, similar alternativ ... | 2010 | 21173256 |