| respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in treponema pallidum. | exogenous and endogenously generated reduced pyridine nucleotides caused marked stimulation of o(2) uptake when added to treponemal cell-free extracts, which indicated that terminal electron transport was coupled to the consumption of o(2). oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh) was shown to correlate stoichiometrically with o(2) reduction, suggesting that nadh was being oxidized through a mainstream respiratory chain dehydrogenase. oxygen evolution in treponemal extracts ... | 1978 | 29009 |
| fetal syphilis in the first trimester. | evidenc of first-trimester fetal syphilis was sought in the products of conception in a therapeutic abortion clinic. during two collection periods of one week, five patients with serologic and clinical data consistent with recent syphilitic infection were identified. their conceptuses were carefully examined by silver and immunofluorescent stains for the presence of treponema pallidum. two of these five conceptuses (9 and 10 weeks' gestation) were found to contain t. pallidum by these methods. t ... | 1976 | 56895 |
| immunofluorescent staining of treponema pallidum and treponema pertenue in tissues fixed by formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. | the main problems in identifying treponema pallidum in tissues are optical definition contrast, and specificity. in general, fluorochrome staining provides optical definition and contrast superior to that obtained by ordinary tinctorial staining, and in theory improved resolution. specificity is lacking however, as with other stains. in contrast, immunofluorescence should combine the optical advantages of fluorochrome staining with the immunological advantages of specificity. since the validity ... | 1977 | 66082 |
| immunoperoxidase localization of treponema pallidum: its use in formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. | the spirochete, treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, has been successfully localized in formaldehydefixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections using rabbit anti-t pallidum antiserum with two immunoperoxidase techniques. these techniques, the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) method are compared for sensitivity and degree of nonspecific staining. both offer substantial advantages over conventional silver-impregnation techniques, b ... | 1979 | 85440 |
| [antigenic properties of a new strain (central skin and venereological research institute-74) of pathogenic treponema pallidum in specific reactions for syphilis]. | | 1979 | 90436 |
| surface-associated host proteins on virulent treponema pallidum. | a surface coat of host serum proteins was detected on virulent treponema pallidum by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. the loosely associated serum proteins could be removed by repeated washings in a protein-free medium. washed t. pallidum retained the ability to readsorb numerous host proteins from rabbit serum as well as iodinated rabbit or human albumin. in addition, various avidly associated host serum proteins including albumin, alpha(2)-macroglobulin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, ... | 1979 | 93574 |
| drugs five years later. spectinomycin. | a single intramuscular injection of 0.2 g of spectinomycin hydrochloride is highly effective for the treatment of uncomplicated anogenital infections with neisseria gonorrhoeae. spectinomycin hydrochloride is indicated for uncomplicated anogenital gonococcal infections in men and women who cannot receive penicillin or probenecid, and is the drug of choice for the retreatment of patients with uncomplicated anogenital gonococcal infection who have not responded to other antibiotics. a single dose ... | 1976 | 132888 |
| [application of the immunofluorescente (fluorescent antibody technique) in clinical immunology.--ii. application and significance (author's transl)]. | the fluorescent antibody technique is nowadays mainly a technique, which is routinely carried out in all clinical-immunological laboratories. the main fields of application in clinical immunology are the determination of autoantibodies (e.g. ana, ama, smooth muscle antibodies, parietal cell antibodies), detection of b-lymphocytes as well as bacterial antigens (e.g. treponema pallidum). furthermore the demonstration of deposits of immune complexes in tissues (e.g. glomerulonephritis, periarteriit ... | 1976 | 134971 |
| mucopolysaccharide material resulting from the interaction of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) with cultured mammalian cells. | during incubation of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) with cultured mammlian cells derived from normal rabbit testes (nrt), an amorphous material accumulated at the surface of the cultured cells. this material was randomly distributed on all tissue cells within the culture chambers. the amount of amorphous material was dependent on the treponemal inocula. with 3 x 10(8) organisms per ml, this material was readily apparent within 2 days; with 4 x 10(7) organisms per ml, this material was detec ... | 1978 | 153334 |
| surface mucopolysaccharides of treponema pallidum. | the viscous mucoid fluid that accumulates within syphilitic lesions may be due to breakdown of host tissue during infection, or may be synthesized by treponema pallidum. experiments were performed to investigate the acidic mucopolysaccharides that occur at the surface of t. pallidum (nichols strain). these mucopolysaccharides were demonstrated by reaction with acidified bovine serum albumin and by agglutination with wheat germ agglutinin and soybean agglutinin. the polycations ruthenium red and ... | 1979 | 156696 |
| relationship of treponema pallidum to acidic mucopolysaccharides. | attempts were made to relate treponema pallidum to the acidic mucopolysaccharides that occur in vivo within host ground substance and in vitro on the surface of cultured testicular cells. infected testicular tissue was fixed and processed for transmission electron microscopy in the presence of ruthenium red. the use of this inorganic dye demonstrated the large quantity of mucopolysaccharide within testicular tissue and the intimate association of treponemes with this material. wheat germ aggluti ... | 1979 | 156697 |
| mucopolysaccharidase of treponema pallidum. | treponema pallidum (nichols strain) exhibited mucopolysaccharidase activity. acidic mucopolysaccharides were broken down more rapidly by viable treponemes than by heat-inactivated treponemes or membrane filtrates of treponemal suspensions. ouchterlony immunodiffusion demonstrated the occurrence of antibodies to the hyaluronidase-like enzyme within syphilitic sera. after intratesticular inoculation of 2 x 10(7) to 6 x 10(7) treponemes, these anti-mucopolysaccharidase antibodies were detected betw ... | 1979 | 156698 |
| aberrant secondary antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes in rabbits with experimental syphilis. | rabbits infected with treponema pallidum have strikingly depressed in vivo immunoglobulin g responses to sheep erythrocytes. to gain further insight into the nature of this suppression, the immune responses of splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes from infected rabbits to sheep erythrocytes were studied in vitro. spleen cells from rabbits that had been sensitized with sheep erythrocytes during active syphilis had greatly decreased immunoglobulin m and g responses after in vitro incubation wit ... | 1979 | 157977 |
| suppression of lymphocyte response to concanavalin a by mucopolysaccharide material from treponema pallidum-infected rabbits. | the testicular fluid and serum from rabbits infected intratesticularly with treponema pallidum inhibited the mitogenic response of normal rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes to concanavalin a. mucopolysaccharide material present in the testicular fluid and serum was associated with the lymphocyte-inhibitory activity. degradation of the mucopolysaccharide material with hyaluronidase resulted in the loss of the inhibitory activity of testicular fluid and serum of t. pallidu-infected rabbits. | 1979 | 159264 |
| intracellular treponema pallidum in cells of a syphilitic lesion of the uterine cervix. | in an electron microscopic study of biopsy tissue from an ulcer of the human cervix uteri, organisms morphologically identical to t. pallidum were observed. large numbers of the organisms were seen lying among collagen fibrils and between cells. t. pallidum was seen within vacuoles of some fibroblasts and epithelial cells. within the nucleoplasm of several cells, treponemes were observed, surrounded by a clear zone which might represent a mucopolysaccharide outer layer. the siameter of the organ ... | 1975 | 165724 |
| effect of pretreatment with mycobacterium bovis (strain bcg) and immune syphilitic serum on rabbit resistance to treponema pallidum. | stimulation of the rabbit reticuloendothelial system with viable mycobacterium bovis (strain bcg), and other agents, had no effect on the development of syphilitic lesions after intradermal or intravenous inoculation with graded doses of treponema pallidum (virulent nichol's strain; mean infective doses less than 10). the simultaneous administration of immune syphilitic rabbit serum retarded the development of lesions, but this appeared to be due solely to the immune serum, suggesting no synergi ... | 1975 | 172450 |
| terminal electron transport in treponema pallidum. | reduced-minus-oxidized difference spectra of sonically treated virulent treponema pallidum disclosed cytochromes of the b anc c types as well as large amounts of flavoprotein. difference spectra of the carbon monoxide-binding pigment identified cytochrome o as the terminal oxidase. physiological reduction of the cytochromes indicated that the cytochrome system was functional and established the capability of t. pallidum for aerobic respiration. the potential significance of these findings is dis ... | 1977 | 197010 |
| the microbiological flora of penile ulcerations. | the penile ulcerations of 100 consecutive men were tested for microorganisms. a polymicrobial flora was identified in the ulcers of 97 men. the microorganisms recovered from these ulcers included combinations of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria (including mycoplasma), herpes simplex virus, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. fifty-three study entrants had microorganisms, identified by culture or serologic tests, that were considered primary in ulcer pathogenesis. herpes simplex virus was the most preva ... | 1978 | 203634 |
| serum of rabbits infected with treponema pallidum (nichols) inhibits in vitro transformation of normal rabbit lymphocytes. | | 1979 | 218739 |
| simultaneous infection with treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus. | two cases are presented of simultaneous infection with treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus. the occasional concurrence of these diseases suggests that all cases of herpes genitalis, including those with negative darkfield examinations and initial nonreactive serologic tests for syphilis, should be followed in two to four weeks by a repeat serologic test for syphilis. | 1979 | 225130 |
| effect of kcn on the motility of treponema pallidium. | virulent treponema pallidum has been shown to survive in kcn-containing artificial medium. oxygen uptake being sensitive to cyanide, the observation indicates that treponemes do not have a cytochrome oxidase system. kcn had a killing effect only at a 15--30 mm final concentration. the data show that the budapest strain of t. pallidum is an anaerobic organism. | 1979 | 232617 |
| selective response of lymphocytes from treponema pallidum-infected rabbits to mitogens and treponema reiteri. | the in vitro response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from rabbit infected with treponema pallidum was examined using various mitogens and avirulent treponema reiteri. for the first 4 weeks after treponemal infection, the response of lymphocytes from syphilitic rabbits to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen was markedly reduced in comparison to uninfected controls. lymphocytes from both groups of rabbits responded normally to class-specific immunoglobulin anti-sera (anti-immunoglobulin m and ... | 1977 | 300359 |
| in vitro cell response of treponema pallidum-infected rabbits. iii. impairment in production of lymphocyte mitogenic factor. | production of mitogenic factor was examined in rabbits infected intratesticularly with t. pallidum and in control animals injected with saline or saline extract of normal rabbits' testes. lymph nodes and spleen from animals killed 2, 6 and 12 weeks after injection were used as the source of lymphocytes, cultured in serum-free medium in the presence of reiter antigen. the active supernatants of lymph node cells (lnas) and spleen cells (spas) were examined for the presence of mitogenic factor usin ... | 1977 | 303968 |
| interaction of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) with cultured mammalian cells: effects of oxygen, reducing agents, serum supplements, and different cell types. | cultured mammalian cells extend the time of survival of treponema pallidum (nichols strain). various parameters that have been previously shown to enhance treponemal survival in vitro were examined for influences on the interaction of t. pallidum with cultured cells. with cells derived from normal rabbit testes, the time of retention of treponemal virulence was extended in an atmosphere containing reduced concentrations of oxygen. glutathione and cysteine, when added to the basal tissue culture ... | 1977 | 321350 |
| immune lysis of spin label loaded liposomes incorporating cardiolipin; a new sensitive method for detecting anticardiolipin antibodies in syphilis serology. | liposomes prepared from a mixture of the pure lipids cholesterol, lecithin and cardiolipin (molar ratio 50/45/5), are able to bind antibodies directed against treponema pallidum. when the liposomes are loaded with the water soluble spin label tempocholine chloride, the release of spin label from the liposomes can be monitored directly by observing changes in the paramagnetic resonance (esr) spectrum from the spin label. the method offers a convenient technique for monitoring the complement-media ... | 1977 | 321698 |
| the effect of treponema pallidum on mouse survival. | intraperitoneal infection with treponema pallidum did not shorten the lives of inbred cba mice. one hundred and fifty infected mice survived to a mean age of 41-24 months and 60 uninfected mice to a mean age of 41-38 months. | 1977 | 323491 |
| scanning electron microscopy of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) attached to cultured mammalian cells. | this paper describes the attachment of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) to cultured mammalian cells as a visualized by scanning electron microscopy. treponemes were incubated for 3 hr with cultured cells derived from normal rabbit testes or human skin epithelium, then fixed, processed with critical-point drying, and examined with a cambridge mark 2a scanning electron microscope. large numbers of treponemes became attached to the cultured cells without altering the morphological integrity of t ... | 1977 | 324985 |
| serologic study of specimens with borderline fta-abs test reactivity. | the treponemal group-specific absorbed fluorescent antibody test (fta-abs) does not yield clearly positive or negative results in all instances. this study was designed to analyze those sera showing borderline reactivity, in order to determine whether additional tests may help to resolve serodiagnostic problem cases. fta-abs tests on 23,807 sera submitted to the wisconsin state laboratory of hygiene yielded borderline results with 479 specimens (2%). patients showing inconclusive fta-abs test re ... | 1977 | 326729 |
| parasitism by virulent treponema pallidum of host cell surfaces. | the interaction between virulent treponema pallidum extracted from infected rabbit testes and animal cells in culture was examined. the extent of treponemal attachment to monolayers of normal rabbit testicular and hep-2 cells was dependent upon the incubation temperature and retained motility of the spirochetes. the specific orientation of treponemes to host cell surfaces was demonstrated by dark-field microscopic examination of wet-mount preparations and scanning and transmission electron micro ... | 1977 | 328394 |
| rapid detection of specific treponemal antibodies by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using an extract of treponema pallidum. | specific treponemal antibodies were detected in small amounts by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) in agar gel, using an extract of treponema pallidum. the t. pallidum-cie test was compared with the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (fta-abs) test and with the reiter protein complement fixation (rpcf) test. the results of the t. pallidum-cie and fta-abs tests agreed in 96% of cases. there was no agreement between the t. pallidum-cie and rpcf tests in 14% of cases. the three tests were ... | 1977 | 328449 |
| [comparative ultrastructure study of treponema pallidum from rabbit and human syphilids]. | | 1977 | 331739 |
| development of of macrophage migration inhibition in rabbits infected with virulent treponema pallidum. | peritoneal exudate cells from rabbits infected with treponema pallidum nichols were used as indicators of macrophage migration inhibitory factor activity. between 3 and 15 weeks after infection, the migration of peritoneal exudate cells was inhibited in the presence of 3 to 25 microgram of t. phagedenis biovar reiter protein per ml. before this period, the migration patterns of peritoneal exudate cells from infected animals were uninhibited and similar to those from noninfected control rabbits. ... | 1977 | 332632 |
| characterization of the attachment of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) to cultured mammalian cells and the potential relationship of attachment to pathogenicity. | the interaction of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) with 19 different cultured mammalian cell types was examined. these types included cells derived from testis, kidney, spleen, lung, epidermis, cervix, urethra, and nerve tissue of human, rabbit, or rat origins. they represented normal and malignant cells, epithelial and fibroblastic morphology, cell lines, and cell strains, large numbers of organisms attached to the cultured cells; this attachment prolonged the time of retention of active tr ... | 1977 | 336548 |
| in vitro cell response of treponema pallidum-infected rabbits. i. lymphocyte transformation. | lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin (pha), treponema pallidum, cultivable reiter strain and cardiolipin reagent were examined using peripheral lymphocytes of t. pallidum-infected rabbits and control animals injected intratesticularly with saline extract of normal rabbit testes mixed with t. pallidum-free saline extract of infected testes. the response to pha was significantly suppressed only in the infected animals, reaching the lowest level at 30 days after infection. a substantial incre ... | 1977 | 338221 |
| host response to treponema pallidum infection. ii. rabbit leukocyte migration inhibition in the presence of homologous organ extracts. | peripheral leukocytes of 67 rabbits infected intratesticularly with treponema pallidum, nichols' strain for various lengths of time were examined by the migration inhibition test for their response to extracts of normal rabbit heart, skin, brain and t. pallidum antigen. a control group of 14 animals injected intratesticularly with extract of normal rabbit tests was similarly examined for the leukocyte response to the same antigens except the brain extract. the percentage of infected animals resp ... | 1977 | 338508 |
| genetics of treponema: relationship between treponema pallidum and five cultivable treponemes. | three genetically distinct groups of treponemes have been identified by saturation reassociation assays using 125i-labeled treponemal dnas. the three groups are (i) virulent treponema pallidum (nichols strain), (ii) t. phagedenis and its biotypes reiter and kazan 5, and (iii) t. refringens biotypes nichols and noguchi. there is no detectable dna sequence homology (less than 5%) among the three groups. the groups have distinct guanine + cytosine contents: 52.4 to 53.7% for t. pallidum, 41.5% for ... | 1978 | 338577 |
| host response to treponema pallidum infection. iii. demonstration of autoantibodies to heart in sera from infected rabbits. | sera from rabbits infected intratesticularly with treponema pallidum but not from animals injected intratesticularly with other bacteria or with extract of normal rabbit testes demonstrated autoantibody to heart tissue. the antibody was organ-specific with cross-reactivity to skeletal muscle but was not species-specific. it could not be absorbed by t. pallidum, t. reiteri, veneral disease research laboratory reagent or rabbit mitochondrial preparation. the antibody had a transitional pattern of ... | 1978 | 340389 |
| [protozoa of trichomonadidae family in suspension of treponema pallidum passaged in rabbit testis]. | | 1977 | 343396 |
| tests for treponemal antibody in csf. | we studied the potential usefulness of csf treponemal tests in the diagnosis of neurosyphillis. the csf was tested with the microhemagglutination test for treponema pallidum (csf-mha-tp test) and with the csf-fta test by using undiluted csf and csf diluted in saline and in sorbent. in a prospective evaluation, of 177 nonsyphilitics, none had reactive csf-mha-tp tests and only one had a reactive csf-fta test. however, five of 15 syphilitics with no other evidence of neurosyphilis had reactive csf ... | 1978 | 343742 |
| the treponema pallidum haemagglutination test as a screening procedure in the diagnosis of syphilis. | | 1977 | 344269 |
| effects of fatty acids on motility retention by treponema pallidum in vitro. | treponema pallidum (nichols virulent strain) was incubated under 75% n2 + 20% h2 + 5% co2 in prereduced serum-free modified eagle-richter medium supplemented with different concentrations of various long-chain fatty acids complexed with fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. motility retention was greater in medium with oleic acid containing 15 rather than 2 mg of albumin per ml. palmitic, stearic, oleic, or linoleic acid alone caused rapid loss of motility at concentrations as low as 5 microgram ... | 1978 | 346485 |
| ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis by virulent treponema pallidum. | ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) synthesis by virulent treponema pallidum was monitored by incorporation of [(3)h]uridine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable counts and examination of radiolabeled rrna on polyacrylamide gels. verification that rrna synthesis originated with t. pallidum was based upon co-electrophoresis with escherichia coli rrna, proportionate reductions in the amount of rrna synthesized when numbers of treponemes were decreased, and inclusion of appropriate animal cell cont ... | 1978 | 346486 |
| [immunity in syphilis]. | following a brief review of the characteristics of the causative organism of syphilis, its maintenance in laboratory animals and its relationship to the treponemes of the tropical treponematoses, consideration is given to the immune reactions and the development of antibodies to the treponeme of syphilis. the individual tests used in the diagnosis of syphilis, especially the complement fixation reactions and the flocculation tests, as well as the reactions employing specific antigens, such as th ... | 1978 | 346531 |
| in vitro activity of cefuroxime against treponema pallidum. | | 1978 | 348667 |
| congenital syphilis of the eye with lens involvement. | pathological examination of a girl with congenital syphilis revealed a focal granulomatous reaction involving the anterior uvea and lens. krajian's (silver) stain exhibited spiral forms that were morphologically compatible with treponema pallidum within the lens cortex. these findings have been rarely reported in early congenital lues. | 1978 | 350202 |
| cell-mediated immunity during syphilis. | | 1978 | 350348 |
| tpha test. experience at the clinic of dermatology, university of milan. | the results of serological investigations with the treponemal haemagglutination (tpha) test are reported in a large number of luetic and non-luetic patients. from these the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the sensitivity of the tpha test is decreased if the test is carried out with micromethods; however, in our opinion, the same degree of sensitivity can be obtained either with the macromethod at dilution 1/80-1/60 or with micromethods at 1/20-1/40. (2) the sensitivity of this test is hi ... | 1978 | 350349 |
| altered immune responsiveness associated with experimental syphilis in the rabbit: elevated igm and depressed igg responses to sheep erythrocytes. | generalized suppression of immunoglobulin g (igg) synthesis detectable by depressed responses to heterologous antigens may be a mechanism by which certain parasites evade host defenses and establish chronic infections. to determine if such a mechanism occurs in syphilis, rabbits were infected with treponema pallidum, and at weekly intervals thereafter these rabbits and uninfected controls were sensitized with srbc. seven days later the number of antibody-forming cells present in the spleen was d ... | 1978 | 351056 |
| attachment of virulent treponema pallidum to human mononuclear phagocytes. | the predominant phagocyte in established human syphilitic lesions is the mononuclear phagocyte. as these leucocytes may be important in immunity to treponema pallidum, the initial interaction between human phagocytes and pathogenic t. pallidum (nichols strain) was studied in vitro. motile, virulent t. pallidum attach to the surface membrane of phagocytes but are not ingested by these cells. heated, non-motile treponemes are not cell-associated but are observed free in the extracellular medium. a ... | 1978 | 354749 |
| early malignant syphilis observed during infection and reinfection in the same patient. | malignant syphilitic infections occurring in the same woman at an interval of 38 months is reported. the first infection was diagnosed as secondary papulopustular and ecthymatous syphilis. the reinfection was more severe, taking the form of secondary ulcerative syphilis with fever, general deterioration, and loss of weight. numerous treponema pallidum were present in the serum expressed from the papulopustular lesions during the first infection, but they were absent from the secretion expressed ... | 1978 | 354751 |
| [passive haemagglutination test in serodiagnosis of syphilis. survey of a one-year trial in a venereal diseases prophylactic center (author's transl)]. | we report here a one-year study of the reliability of the treponema pallidum haemagglutination test (tpha) in the serological diagnosis of syphilis. by comparing tpha data with the diagnosis based on a set of grouped criteria, we were able to determine tpha accuracy. all studies were conducted at the antivenereal prophylactic center, in nice, france, on 1,775 sera. the grouped data consisted of:--serological test for syphilis (sts) using cardiolipin antigen,--medical and epidemiological records; ... | 1978 | 356704 |
| [influence of different components of stored blood on the infectivity of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) (author's transl)]. | a factor with killing effect at 35 degrees c on treponema pallidum is shown to be in normal human serum. the activity of this factor is increased by the stabiliser of stored blood.--in the presence of the stabiliser t. pallidum loses its infectivity in human serum at 4 degrees c within 10 hours. the mechanism of the reaction is explained.--finally it is discussed whether these observations may be helpful in the prevention of transfusion syphilis. | 1978 | 359455 |
| [attempts at obtaining a culture of the pathogenic treponema pallidum]. | | 1978 | 360668 |
| [practical significance of syphilis serodiagnosis]. | recent developments in syphilis serology are set down. the new specific tests for treponema pallidum are described. reactivity in different stages of the disease including congenital and neurosyphilis is discussed. an outline is given of the possibilities of the igm-fta-abs and 19 s igm-fta-abs tests. syphilis serology today requires only 3 tests: a screening procedure, where the specific amha-tp is the method of choice, fta-abs test should be used for confirmation, and the quantitative vdrl in ... | 1978 | 361526 |
| microassay for immunoglobulin g antibodies to treponema pallidum with radioiodinated protein a from staphylococcus aureus: immunoglobulin g response in experimental syphilis in rabbits. | radioiodinated staphylococcal protein a (spa) was used to detect the immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody response to treponema pallidum in experimental syphilis. this solid-phase assay is based on the principle that spa binds avidly to the fc portion of mammalian igg. the optimal number of organisms for detection of antibody was 10(5) per microwell. of eight fixatives, 10% ethanol gave an optimum immune binding ratio of infected to normal rabbit serus at a 1:100 serum dilution. kinetic studies demon ... | 1978 | 361561 |
| demonstration of the in vitro phagocytosis of treponema pallidum by rabbit peritoneal macrophages. | evidence has been provided for the in vitro phagocytosis of virulent treponema pallidum by stimulant-induced peritoneal macrophages. after the 4-hr incubation of macrophages with t. pallidum, treponemal antigens associated with the macrophages are specifically stained using indirect immunofluorescent techniques. phagocytized treponemes appear within the cytoplasm of macrophages as round, brightly fluorescent "bodies" observable in increasing numbers as the duration of the treponeme-phagocyte int ... | 1978 | 361893 |
| heated versus unheated sera in a microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to treponema pallidum. | the effect of prior heating of sera on the results of the microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to treponema pallidum was evaluated. findings indicate that heating of sera had no significant effect on the results. | 1978 | 363746 |
| rapid test for diagnosis of syphilis by means of the surface fixation method using as antigens vdrl and treponema pallidum (strain nichols). | an attempt to use the "surface fixation" method for the detection of antigen-antibody reactions with vdrl and treponema pallidum has given results which corroborate conventional serological findings in patients suspected of being infected with this organism. the test is performed over strips of filter paper in which mixtures of the serum with the antigen are deposited and submitted to a special procedure of staining in order to detect antigen-antibody reactions. | 1978 | 365114 |
| radiolabeling of treponema pallidum (nichols virulent strain) in vitro with precursors for protein and rna biosynthesis. | we observed uptake of [u-14c]serine, u-14c-labeled amino acid hydrolysates, and [2-14c]uracil by virulent treponema pallidum in vitro for at least 96 h. no uptake of [2-14c]thymine, [1-14c]pyruvate, [u-14c]pyruvate, and [2-14c]uridine was detected. treponemal protein and rna biosynthetic activity was identified by erythromycin inhibition of amino acid and uracil uptake. radioactivity due to uptake of radiolabeled amino acids by residual testicular cells in the cultures remained at background lev ... | 1978 | 365745 |
| influence of oxygen tension, sulfhydryl compounds, and serum on the motility and virulence of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) in a cell-free system. | the motility and virulence of treponema pallidum (nichols strain) were monitored during incubation in a modified tissue culture medium to study the effects of oxygen tension and medium composition on survival of the organism. a basal medium of eagle minimal essential medium with 50% fresh, heat-inactivated normal rabbit serum was used inasmuch as better survival occurred with 50% normal rabbit serum than with lower concentrations. addition of 0.5 to 2.0 mm dithiothreitol or 2.0 mm dithioerythrit ... | 1978 | 365765 |
| treponema pallidum immune adherence test for serodiagnosis of syphilis. 1: an improved method of the tpia test. | clinical investigations using the treponema pallidum immune adherence (tpia) test as reported by nelson (1953) were performed only by olansky et al in 1954. in this paper an improved method of the tpia test is described. the test was simple to perform and was highly specific for antitreponemal antibody. furthermore, as it was possible to use heated t. pallidum as antigen the antigen suspension could be preserved for long periods. the tpia test for syphilis was evaluated by examining the sera fro ... | 1978 | 367523 |
| treponema pallidum immune adherence test for serodiagnosis of syphilis. 2: comparison with glass plate, tpha, and fta-abs tests. | using sera from 340 patients with syphilis the treponema pallidum immune adherence (tpia) test was compared with the glass plate, t. pallidum haemagglutination (tpha), and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (fta-abs) tests. the results of the tpia test agreed with those of the glass plate, tpha, and fta-abs tests in 65%, 82%, and 73% of cases respectively. in the quantitative tpia test no significant correlation with the other tests was observed, and it is, therefore, concluded that the tp ... | 1978 | 367524 |
| treponema pallidum immune adherence test for serodiagnosis of syphilis. 3: clinical significance and evaluation of treatment. | antibody titres were measured in patients with clinical syphilis, and the effect of treatment on the results of the treponema pallidum immune adherence (tpia) test is reported. in the treponema pallidum haemagglutination (tpha) test little change in antibody titre occurred after treatment while in the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (fta-abs) test only a slight decrease occurred. the decrease in the antibody titre in the tpia test was similar to that in the glass plate test, but the fin ... | 1978 | 367525 |
| [filterability of treponema pallidum through sterilizing filters of varying pore size]. | | 1979 | 369223 |
| synovitis in secondary syphilis. clinical, light, and electron microscopic studies. | polyarthritis and tenosynovitis were seen as the presenting complaints in 7 patients with secondary syphilis. synovial needle biopsy was obtained in 3 cases and showed mild synovitis with infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes; vascular congestion; and slightly increased synovial lining cells. in addition, electron microscopy in these synovial membranes showed many necrotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, much interstitial debris and fibrin, and in 2 patients, ... | 1979 | 369568 |
| capacity of virulent treponema pallidum (nichols) for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. | treponema pallidum (nichols) was extracted from infected rabbit tissue, and cell lysates were prepared for monitoring thymidine kinase and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activities. no thymidine kinase could be demonstrated in preparations of t. pallidum or the cultivable t. phagedenis biotype reiter. significant levels of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase were detected in both treponemal samples. interestingly, comparisons of polymerase activity among a spectrum of bacterial genera revealed a ... | 1979 | 370016 |
| effect of freezing conditions in liquid nitrogen on biological properties of treponema pallidum. | the influence of various conditions of freezing in liquid nitrogen on the motility, virulence, antigens, and immunogenicity of treponema pallidum was studied. the suspending medium, rate of freezing, kind and concentration of cryprotector, and duration of preincubation with cryoprotector were found to be critical. on the basis of the results obtained the optimal conditions of freezing of t. pallidum in liquid nitrogen were established. these are: the nelson-diesendruck medium with the addition o ... | 1979 | 375869 |
| isolation and characterization of low molecular weight antibodies for treponema pallidum. | a low molecular weight antibody which coated treponema pallidum without producing any apparent reaction was isolated from human syphilitic serum. its electrophoretic mobility was that of igg immunoglobulins, and molecular weight was between 115,000 and 120,000. | 1979 | 375871 |
| comparison of cardiolipin and treponemal tests in the serodiagnosis of yaws. | results of the veneral disease research laboratory (vdrl), rapid plasma reagin (rpr), treponema pallidum haemagglutination (tpha), t. pallidum immobilisation (tpi), and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (fta-abs) tests on sera of 661 children from a region where yaws is hypoendemic are compared. for 107 (16.2%) out of 661 sera the fta-abs test was the only one showing reactivity; in these instances the test was weakly reactive (intensity of fluorescence scored as +) and the children had ... | 1979 | 376061 |
| glucose incorporation by treponema pallidum. | treponema pallidum incorporated glucose into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material. the amount of incorporation was proportional to the number of treponemes and was estimated to equal 3% of the glucose oxidized. | 1979 | 378845 |
| comparative behavior of virulent strains of treponema pallidum and treponema pertenue in gradient cultures of various mammalian cells. | two strains of virulent treponema pallidum and two of virulent t. pertenue were investigated for their ability to attach to and survive in gradient cultures of five different mammalian cells under aerobic conditions. the strains of t. pallidum studied were the high-rabbit-passage nichols and the low-rabbit-passage kkj. the former was known to readily attach to cottontail rabbit epithelial cells (sf1ep) and to survive in the virulent state for up to 21 days. we therefore compared attachment of th ... | 1979 | 378851 |
| [serological demonstration of a treponema pallidum reinfection]. | an improved method for precise separation of 19-s-igm from other immunoglobulines reveals the reappearance of antitreponemal 19-s-igm-antibodies after reinfection in five patients. the igm-fta-abs-test with non-separated full-serum was non-reactive in all cases due to competitive inhibition. the new assay apparently permits a clear differentiation between reinfection and non-specific increase of titers in lipoidal antigen tests. treatment failures can be distinguished from reinfections in cases ... | 1979 | 378901 |
| [lymphocyte migration inhibition in rabbit experimental syphilis (author's transl)]. | during rabbit experimental syphilis a suspension of treponema pallidum (tp) was used as antigen. the evolution of anti tp antibodies was followed up to the fifteenth month, the antibody titer was maximum at month seven. a stimulation of leukocytes migration test was observed up to the sixth month then a significant inhibition appeared (chi square test) which persists after the ninth month. hence the possibility was discussed that some form of cellular immunity appears secondary while immune resp ... | 1979 | 379811 |
| unique lipid composition of treponema pallidum (nichols virulent strain). | the lipid composition of treponema pallidum (nichols virulent strain) was determined after purification of the organisms from the infected testes of corticosteroid-treated rabbits by differential centrifugation, filtration through nuclepore membranes, and sedimentation in hypaque density gradients. the total lipids were comprised of 32.2% neutral lipids, mainly cholesterol, and 67.8% phospholipids consisting of phosphatidylcholine (32.1%), sphingomyelin (14.8%), cardiolipin (13.0%), phosphatidyl ... | 1979 | 381199 |
| genetics of treponema: characterization of treponema hyodysenteriae and its relationship to treponema pallidum. | saturation reassociation assays with 125i-labeled treponemal dnas show that treponema hyodysenteriae is genetically unrelated to t. pallidum (nichols), t. phagedenis biotype reiter, and t. refringens biotype noguchi. pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of t. hyodysenteriae exhibited 28% sequence homology and had an extremely low guanine-plus-cytosine content (25.8%). | 1978 | 365767 |
| identification of a low moleculr weight igm antibody with treponema pallidum specificity in sera of patients with chronic syphilis. | a low-molecular (8s) treponema-specific igm antibody was isolated by means of sephadex 200 g gel filtration and/or sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation in 78 of 4,120 sera of patients who had been identified to have had syphilis. the igm specificity can be shown by indirect immunofluorescence using a mu-chain specific antiserum. the low molecular igm (lmw-igm) antibodies are not identical with the 19s-igm as demonstrated in studies with gel filtration and sucrose gradient methods. they are not i ... | 1979 | 384079 |
| [experience gained with the treponema-pallidum haemagglutination test (tpha) in comparison to other serological methods (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 359381 |
| evaluation of microhaemagglutination assay to determine treponemal antibodies in csf. | the microhaemagglutination assay for treponema pallidum antibodies (mha:tp-csf), the veneral disease research laboratory (vdrl-csf), and the fluorescent treponemal antibody (fta-csf) tests were used to detect treponemal antibodies in 3157 samples of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with syphilis, with neurological, metabolic, or immunological disorders, and with undetermined diagnoses. an agreement of 99.5% between the results of the mha:tp-csf and fta-csf tests was obtained for all the csf sam ... | 1979 | 385012 |
| false-positive test results for syphilis in relatives of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | in a family of nine members, two had systemic lupus erythematosus and seven positive serological test results for syphilis. none of the affected subjects had a history or physical signs of syphilis, but two had positive results to the treponema pallidum immobilisation test. the explanation for these findings is not known, but possibily they were all false-positive reactions. | 1979 | 385013 |
| detection by direct immunofluorescence of antibodies to treponema pallidum in the cutaneous infiltrates of rabbit syphilomas. | by direct immunofluorescence, with use of fluorescein-labeled sonified treponema pallidum, specific antibodies were detected in the tissue infiltrates of cutaneous syphilomas in rabbits. specimens from cutaneous and mucosal inflammatory lesions induced by intradermal injection of a keratinous substance from an epidermal cyst served as controls. granular fluorescence was detected in the dermis of 11 of the 12 syphiloma specimens and corresponded to areas of heavy plasma cell infiltrates, and some ... | 1978 | 355581 |
| unsustained multiplication of treponema pallidum (nichols virulent strain) in vitro in the presence of oxygen. | treponema pallidum (nichols virulent strain) was incubated with or without oxygen using a modified medium supplemented with reduced glutathione and a variety of nutrients (prnf10-b). two- to fourfold increases in treponemal numbers were observed in cultures without mammalian cells within 96 h of incubation under 5 to 6% oxygen. treponemal motility and multiplication were maintained more satisfactorily in cultures that were diluted and transferred daily, using an equal volume of fresh medium. tre ... | 1978 | 344209 |
| endemic syphilis: passive transfer of resistance with serum and cells in hamsters. | serum or spleen cells from hamsters immune to infection with treponema pallidum strain bosnia a conferred partial protection against syphilitic infection by the same strain on recipient hamsters. cutaneous lesions did not develop, and in the lymph nodes the average weight and number of treponemes detected were significantly lower than in normal and control hamsters. treatment of the immune spleen cells with antithymocyte serum and complement abolished their ability to transfer resistance. this i ... | 1979 | 387887 |
| cell-mediated immunological reactivity in neonates and infants with congenital syphilis. | thirty-eight mothers and babies were assessed by the lymphocyte transformation test for their cell-mediated immune responses to treponema pallidum and to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (ppd). all babies, including controls, appeared to be reactive when results of [3h]-thymidine incorporation were expressed as net counts per minute. this was because of high background activity, which was most marked in cells from neonates. when results were expressed as stimulation ratios, it was revea ... | 1977 | 342155 |
| ["old new" problem of the lues risk in transfusion medicine: the effect of the serum and acd stabilizer at different temperatures on the infectiosity of treponema pallidium (nichols strain)]. | the portion of warm and fresh blood transfusions had increased obviously. this is accompanied by a decrease of the restrictive period of the former 72 and the presently 48 hours for blood units to be transfused. therefore, the danger of a symphilis transmitted by transfusion is impending again. this is realized insufficiently and the syphilis may occur, if blood is drawn in the seronegative phase of the primary stage of syphilis and transfused within the restrictive period. model trials on the i ... | 1979 | 391712 |
| testicular cultivation of treponema pallidum (nichols strains) facilitated by sustained-release steroid administration. | treponema pallidum cultivation is facilitated by substitution of methylprednisolone acetate suspension for hydrocortisone administration during rabbit testicular infection. methylprednisolone suspension reduces testicular mononuclear cell infiltration and should benefit future studies of virulent t. pallidum. | 1979 | 391819 |
| cultivation requirements for treponema pallidum, mycobacterium leprae and other microbial and mammalian microaerophilic cells. | atmospheric and biological evolution progressed simultaneously and today certain cell types flourish only at oxygen tensions which were ambient 600 million years ago, i.e., at 5 to 10 mm hg. in man, a continuous oxygen flow at these pressures is supplied in the skin where treponema pallidum, mycobacterium leprae and members of the genus rickettsia grow best. in vitro studies support the microaerophilic status of these organisms and of certain other microbial and mammalian cells. vigorous growth ... | 1979 | 392268 |
| the in vitro cultivation of treponema pallidum. corroborative studies. | | 1977 | 342068 |
| cultivation of treponema pallidum. | | 1977 | 342067 |
| anabolic potential of virulent treponema pallidum. | acrylamide gel autoradiography of 3h-labeled proteins from treponema pallidum demonstrates that virulent treponemes incubated in vitro synthesize a spectrum of high-molecular-weight proteins. a comparison of the protein profiles of t. pallidum with the reiter treponeme shows that t. pallidum possesses significant anabolic competence. | 1977 | 338492 |
| the effect of reducing and other agents on the motility of treponema pallidum in an acellular culture medium. | the maintenance of treponema pallidum motility was investigated in an acellular medium based on t. pallidum immobilization test medium. the acellular medium contained cysteine, glutathione, thioglycollate and dithiothreitol as reducing agents and had a redox potential of -275 +/- 25 mv at ph 7.3. in an atomosphere containing 3% o2, motile treponemes survived four times longer when calf serum and bovine serum albumin were added to the medium. the selective omission of glutathione and, particularl ... | 1979 | 396354 |
| macrophages in immunity to syphilis: suppressive effect of concurrent infection with mycobacterium bovis bcg on the development of syphilitic lesions and growth of treponema pallidum in tuberculin-positive rabbits. | paired groups of male rabbits were challenged with treponema pallidum and mycobacterium bovis bcg. one group had been sensitized to bcg by inoculation 3 weeks before challenge. all animals were challenged intradermally at multiple sites with t. pallidum alone, bcg alone, and both organisms into the same sites. the resulting lesions were followed clinically and histologically. bcg lesions enlarged more rapidly in sensitized rabbits, but they were otherwise no different from those in the controls. ... | 1979 | 397934 |
| selective in vitro response of thymus-derived lymphocytes from treponema pallidum-infected rabbits. | the blastogenic response of nylon wool-separated peripheral-blood lymphocytes from treponema pallidum-infected rabbits was tested in vitro with mitogens and t. pallidum antigens. the mitogenic response of the enriched t-cell population to concanavalin a and phytohemagglutinin was depressed during the first 3 to 4 weeks of infection, similar to the pattern observed with unfractionated cells. shortly thereafter, levels of blastogenesis returned to values of uninfected cultures. enhanced blast tran ... | 1977 | 338485 |
| the effect of treatment on the treponema pallidum haemagglutination test in early syphilis. | the response of the treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (tpha) to treatment was studied in 61 cases of early infectious syphilis. in none of the 55 cases of early syphilis in which the pre-treatment tpha was positive did the tpha test become consistently negative after treatment. in primary and early latent syphilis it was not possible to demonstrate any significant changes, but in some cases of secondary syphilis a significant and rapid fall in tpha titre occurred with treatment. it is s ... | 1979 | 400311 |
| effect of sensitization with propionibacterium acnes on the growth of listeria monocytogenes and treponema pallidum in rabbits. | sensitization of rabbits with propionibacterium acnes, a nonspecific stimulant of the reticuloendothelial system, was investigated as a means of enhancing resistance to treponema pallidum. a single i.v. dose of p. acnes given 3 or 7 days before challenge with listeria monocytogenes was capable of suppressing the growth of the heterologous organism, whereas a single i.v. dose 24 hr or 14 days before challenge was not. reactivation via i.v. elicitation with p. acnes 14 days after sensitization (1 ... | 1977 | 401511 |
| demonstration by labeled treponemal antigen of specific antibodies in the tissue infiltrates of secondary syphilis. | specific antitreponemal antibodies have been demonstrated by immunofluorescence techniques in the lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates which characterize early symphilitic lesions. a purified suspension of nichols strain treponema pallidum was sonified and labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and applied to cryostat sections of 12 biopsy specimens from the cutaneous lesions of 11 patients with proven secondary syphilis, using a modified direct immunofluorescence procedure. specimens from various inf ... | 1977 | 333032 |
| prolonged survival of virulent treponema pallidum (nichols strain) in cell-free and tissue culture systems. | survival of treponema pallidum was found to be prolonged in the presence of tissue culture. of the 12 cultures studied, cottontail rabbit epithelium (sf1ep) supported t. pallidum for the longest time. in horizontal leighton tubes with reduced medium and an atmosphere of 5% co2 in n2, the 50% survival time (st50) was 5 to 6 days for treponemes associated with monolayers of sf1ep cells. comparable cell-free tubes had st50 values of less than 4 days. in vertical leighton tubes containing 6 ml of pr ... | 1977 | 332639 |
| ultrastructural study of satellite lymph nodes in syphilitic rabbits. | in an electron microscopy study of lymph nodes from syphilitic rabbits plasmablasts and plasma cells were unequivocally identified in germinal centres. up to 20% of the plasma cells possessed unusual cytological features. paracortical hypoplasia was shown to be associated with actively phagocytic histiocytes. these findings may reflect morphological correlates of the aberrant immune regulation which has been observed in infection with treponema pallidum. | 1979 | 466381 |
| clinical evaluation of amoxycillin in the treatment of syphilis. | following demonstration of in vitro activity of amoxycillin against treponema pallidum, a clinical research group was set up to study the effects of amoxycillin against various stages of syphilitic infection in men. a total of eighty-nine cases, fifteen primary, twenty-nine secondary, thirty late and fifteen adult congenital patients have been investigated. one hundred per cent effectiveness was recorded for primary and secondary syphilis; 66.7% for late syphilis and 60% success for adult congen ... | 1979 | 520657 |
| [dynamics of mast and plasma cell distribution in the lymph nodes of a mouse infected with a pathogenic strain of treponema pallidum]. | | 1979 | 525018 |
| observations on syphilis in addis ababa. 2. prevalence and natural history. | sera from various groups were tested for syphilis by cardiolipin, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (fta-abs), and treponemal haemagglutination (tpha) tests. the proportion of positive results, 12.7%, obtained from an unselected urban population suggested that the prevalence of the disease had declined since 1953. the probable explanation is the widespread use of penicillin. late manifestations of syphilis are much rarer in ethiopia than would be predicted from the high incidence at the i ... | 1977 | 589422 |