| [in vivo kinetics of individual development of gallionella ferruginea in batch microculture (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4600253 |
| isolation of gallionella ferruginea by use of formalin. | | 1968 | 4869284 |
| [first stages of iron(3)-hydroxide deposition on gallionella stalks]. | | 1971 | 4947988 |
| [the ultrastructure of gallionella filamenta]. | | 1970 | 5493682 |
| [state of iron on filaments of gallionella]. | | 1971 | 5580107 |
| [isolation of gallionella ferruginea ehrenberg]. | | 1967 | 5584645 |
| [enrichment culture of gallionella filamenta n. sp]. | | 1967 | 5618188 |
| [structure of "stem" fibers of laboratory gallionella filamenta culture]. | | 1967 | 5618853 |
| [on taxonomy of gallionella genus]. | | 1968 | 5734422 |
| scanning electron microscope evidence for bacterial colonization of a drinking-water distribution system. | the surfaces of water distribution mains and suspended particulate matter from drinking water were examined by using scanning electron microscopy to investigate the nature and extent of association of microorganisms with these surfaces. in addition, x-ray energy-dispersive microanalysis was used to determine the elemental constitution of the pipe surface. though distributed sparsely and randomly along the pipe surface, a variety of morphologically distinguishable bacteria-like structures and mic ... | 1981 | 7013697 |
| phylogeny and phenotypic characterization of the stalk-forming and iron-oxidizing bacterium gallionella ferruginea. | the 16s rrna gene of gallionella ferruginea was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced by direct double-stranded sequencing. the phylogenetic analysis placed g. ferruginea in the beta-group of the proteobacteria, with 90.0% similarity to nitrosolobus multiformis and 88.6% to rhodocyclus purpureus. the published phenotypic characteristics of g. ferruginea were compiled and supplemented with growth experiments using ferrous iron, thiosulphate and sulphide as electron donor, and nitra ... | 1993 | 8371116 |
| variation in sessile microflora during biofilm formation on aisi-304 stainless steel coupons. | coupons of stainless steel type aisi-304 were exposed to the industrial cooling system of a petrochemical plant fed by seawater from the guanabara bay, rio de janeiro, brazil, in order to study the in situ formation of biofilms. bacteria, microalgae and fungi were detected on the coupons as soon as 48 h after exposure. their respective numbers were determined at times 48, 96 and 192 h and over the following 8 weeks. aerobic, anaerobic and sulfate-reducing bacteria were quantified according to th ... | 1996 | 8987686 |
| relationships between microbial community structure and hydrochemistry in a landfill leachate-polluted aquifer. | knowledge about the relationship between microbial community structure and hydrogeochemistry (e.g., pollution, redox and degradation processes) in landfill leachate-polluted aquifers is required to develop tools for predicting and monitoring natural attenuation. in this study analyses of pollutant and redox chemistry were conducted in parallel with culture-independent profiling of microbial communities present in a well-defined aquifer (banisveld, the netherlands). degradation of organic contami ... | 2001 | 11571165 |
| diversity of 16s rdna and naphthalene dioxygenase genes from coal-tar-waste-contaminated aquifer waters. | microbial diversity in four wells along a groundwater flowpath in a coal-tar-waste-contaminated aquifer was examined using rflp analysis of both 16s rdna and naphthalene dioxygenase (ndo) genes. amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra) relied upon eubacteria-specific primers to generate four clone libraries. from each library, 100 clones were randomly picked for analysis. sixty percent of 400 clones contained unique ardra patterns. diversity indices calculated for each community were ... | 2002 | 12087425 |
| environmental, mineralogical, and genetic characterization of ochreous and white precipitates from acid mine drainages in taebaeg, korea. | x-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, and ion chromatography were used for the environmental, mineralogical, and genetic characterization of brownish yellow, reddish brown, and white precipitates from acid mine drainage in taebaeg, korea. ferrihydrite+goethite, schwertmannite, and al-sulfate were precipitated under different chemical environments on the stream bottom of acid mine ... | 2003 | 12785516 |
| diversity and seasonal variability of beta-proteobacteria in biofilms of polluted rivers: analysis by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning. | the beta-subgroup of the proteobacteria has been shown to be important in aquatic habitats and was investigated in depth here by molecular 16s rrna techniques in biofilms of the elbe river and its polluted tributary, the spittelwasser river. the bacterial 16s rrna genes were cloned from each site, screened for beta-proteobacterial clones and sequenced. river biofilm clones from both rivers grouped into 9 clusters (rbfs). rbfs 1, 2, and 3 fell into the recently described betai cluster of cosmopol ... | 2003 | 12902230 |
| electron microscopy of gallionella ferruginea. | | 1956 | 13366907 |
| a selective enrichment method for gallionella ferruginea. | | 1957 | 13475247 |
| [iron bacteria in mineral water in staraia russia]. | | 1958 | 13540952 |
| impact of localised dissolved iron concentrations on the biofouling of environmental wells. | iron biofouling of wells can significantly impact the performance of a groundwater extraction system. a subsurface drainage scheme (wakool, australia) designed to reduce waterlogging was used to identify some of the relationships between aquifer properties and well biofouling. piezometers drilled radially one metre from two biofouled wells showed that during normal well operation the concentration of dissolved iron (fe2+) entering the groundwater well was highly localised around the site and wit ... | 2004 | 14982170 |
| biological treatment of mn(ii) and fe(ii) containing groundwater: kinetic considerations and product characterization. | in the present article, the treatment of groundwater containing mn(ii) and fe(ii) has been investigated. the biological oxidation of mn(ii) and fe(ii) in upflow filtration units comprised the applied experimental technique. the oxidation processes were mediated by specific bacteria, namely the leptothrix ochracea and gallionella ferruginea, which belong to the general category of manganese and iron oxidizing bacteria. this work was focused on the characterization of the products of biological ox ... | 2004 | 15026247 |
| iron bacteria in drinking-water distribution systems: elemental analysis of gallionella stalks, using x-ray energy-dispersive microanalysis. | "iron" bacteria belonging to the genus gallionella were observed by scanning electron microscopy in water samples and attached to pipe surfaces in a southern california drinking-water distribution system. the cells were recognized by their characteristic elongated helical stalks composed of numerous intertwined microfibrils. many of the stalks were partially coated with insoluble ferric salt deposits. stalks recovered directly from water samples were analyzed for their elemental composition by u ... | 1981 | 16345695 |
| investigation of an iron-oxidizing microbial mat community located near aarhus, denmark: field studies. | we investigated the microbial community that developed at an iron seep where anoxic groundwater containing up to 250 mum fe flowed out of a rock wall and dense, mat-like aggregations of ferric hydroxides formed at the oxic-anoxic interface. in situ analysis with oxygen microelectrodes revealed that the oxygen concentrations in the mat were rarely more than 50% of air saturation and that the oxygen penetration depth was quite variable, ranging from <0.05 cm to several centimeters. the bulk ph of ... | 1994 | 16349433 |
| investigation of an iron-oxidizing microbial mat community located near aarhus, denmark: laboratory studies. | we constructed a small flow chamber in which suboxic medium containing 60 to 120 mum fecl(2) flowed up through a sample well into an aerated reservoir, thereby creating an suboxic-oxic interface similar to the physicochemical conditions that exist in natural iron seeps. when microbial mat material from the marselisborg iron seep that contained up to 10 bacterial cells per cm (d. emerson and n. p. revsbech, appl. environ. microbiol. 60:4022-4031, 1994) was placed in the sample well of the chamber ... | 1994 | 16349434 |
| the occurrence of gallionella in salt water. | a gallionella sp. is described that lives and freely multiplies in sea water. the habitat of the organism has been thoroughly investigated and the possibility of accidental occurrence has been eliminated. the appearance of the gallionella sp. described is quite different from the similar iron bacteria occurring in fresh water. | 1961 | 16349609 |
| diversity of microorganisms in fe-as-rich acid mine drainage waters of carnoulès, france. | the acid waters (ph 2.7 to 3.4) originating from the carnoulès mine tailings contain high concentrations of dissolved arsenic (80 to 350 mg.liter(-1)), iron (750 to 2,700 mg.liter(-1)), and sulfate (2,000 to 7,500 mg.liter(-1)). during the first 30 m of downflow in reigous creek issuing from the mine tailings, 20 to 60% of the dissolved arsenic is removed by coprecipitation with fe(iii). the microbial communities along the creek have been characterized using terminal-restriction fragment length ... | 2006 | 16391091 |
| macroscopic streamer growths in acidic, metal-rich mine waters in north wales consist of novel and remarkably simple bacterial communities. | the microbial composition of acid streamers (macroscopic biofilms) in acidic, metal-rich waters in two locations (an abandoned copper mine and a chalybeate spa) in north wales was studied using cultivation-based and biomolecular techniques. known chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic acidophiles were readily isolated from disrupted streamers, but they accounted for only <1 to 7% of the total microorganisms present. fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) revealed that 80 to 90% of the microbes in ... | 2006 | 16517651 |
| molecular diversity of microbial community in acid mine drainages of yunfu sulfide mine. | two acid mine drainage (amd) samples were studied by a pcr-based cloning approach, which were from yunfu sulfide mine in guangdong province, china. a total of 15 operational taxonomic units (otus) were obtained from the two amd samples. the percentage of overlapped otus in two amd samples was 42.1%. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bacterium in the two samples fell into four putative divisions, which were nitrospira, alpha-proteobacteria, beta-proteobacteria, and gamma-proteobacteria four ... | 2007 | 17177020 |
| control of ferrous iron oxidation within circumneutral microbial iron mats by cellular activity and autocatalysis. | ferrous iron (fe2+) oxidation by microbial iron mat samples, dominated by helical stalks of gallionella ferruginea or sheaths of leptothrix ochracea, was examined. pseudo-first-order rate constants for the microbial mat samples ranged from 0.029 +/- 0.004 to 0.249 +/- 0.042 min(-1) and correlated well with iron content (r2 = 0.929). rate constants for na azide-treated (1 mm) samples estimated autocatalytic oxidation by iron oxide stalks or sheaths, with values ranging from 0.016 +/- 0.008 to 0.0 ... | 2007 | 17937285 |
| subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in colorado. | a microbial community analysis using 16s rrna gene sequencing was performed on borehole water and a granite rock core from henderson mine, a >1,000-meter-deep molybdenum mine near empire, co. chemical analysis of borehole water at two separate depths (1,044 m and 1,004 m below the mine entrance) suggests that a sharp chemical gradient exists, likely from the mixing of two distinct subsurface fluids, one metal rich and one relatively dilute; this has created unique niches for microorganisms. the ... | 2008 | 17981950 |
| cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the siberian arctic. | permafrost-affected soils of the siberian arctic were investigated with regard to identification of nitrite oxidizing bacteria active at low temperature. analysis of the fatty acid profiles of enrichment cultures grown at 4 degrees c, 10 degrees c and 17 degrees c revealed a pattern that was different from that of known nitrite oxidizers but was similar to fatty acid profiles of betaproteobacteria. electron microscopy of two enrichment cultures grown at 10 degrees c showed prevalent cells with a ... | 2007 | 18062041 |
| bacteria associated with iron seeps in a sulfur-rich, neutral ph, freshwater ecosystem. | the freshwater nature reserve de bruuk is an iron- and sulfur-rich minerotrophic peatland containing many iron seeps and forms a suitable habitat for iron and sulfur cycle bacteria. analysis of 16s rrna gene-based clone libraries showed a striking correlation of the bacterial population of samples from this freshwater ecosystem with the processes of iron reduction (genus geobacter), iron oxidation (genera leptothrix and gallionella) and sulfur oxidation (genus sulfuricurvum). results from fluore ... | 2008 | 18754044 |
| molecular characterization of microbial populations in groundwater sources and sand filters for drinking water production. | in full-scale drinking water production from groundwater, subsurface aeration is an effective means of enhancing the often troublesome process of nitrification. until now the exact mechanism, however, has been unknown. by studying the microbial population we can improve the understanding of this process. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of pcr-amplified 16s rrna gene fragments of bacteria, archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was used to characterize the microbial populations in raw gro ... | 2009 | 18995879 |
| microbial iron redox cycling in a circumneutral-ph groundwater seep. | the potential for microbially mediated redox cycling of iron (fe) in a circumneutral-ph groundwater seep in north central alabama was studied. incubation of freshly collected seep material under anoxic conditions with acetate-lactate or h(2) as an electron donor revealed the potential for rapid fe(iii) oxide reduction (ca. 700 to 2,000 micromol liter(-1) day(-1)). fe(iii) reduction at lower but significant rates took place in unamended controls (ca. 300 micromol liter(-1) day(-1)). culture-based ... | 2009 | 19047399 |
| diversity of iron oxidizers in wetland soils revealed by novel 16s rrna primers targeting gallionella-related bacteria. | neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria (feob) are important catalysts of iron cycling in wetland environments. however, little is known about their diversity and distribution in various environments. the aim of this study was to develop a pcr-dgge assay enabling the detection of neutrophilic iron oxidizers in wetland habitats. gradient tubes were used to enrich feob. from these enrichments, a clone library was established on the basis of the almost complete 16s rrna gene using the universal bacter ... | 2009 | 19225553 |
| biofilm bacterial community structure in streams affected by acid mine drainage. | we examined the bacterial communities of epilithic biofilms in 17 streams which represented a gradient ranging from relatively pristine streams to streams highly impacted by acid mine drainage (amd). a combination of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis with multivariate analysis and ordination provided a sensitive, high-throughput method to monitor the impact of amd on stream bacterial communities. significant differences in community structure were detected among neutral to alkaline ... | 2009 | 19363070 |
| ultrastructure and potential sub-seafloor evidence of bacteriogenic iron oxides from axial volcano, juan de fuca ridge, north-east pacific ocean. | iron oxides from the caldera of axial volcano, a site of hydrothermal vent activity along the juan de fuca ridge, were found to consist predominantly of microbial structures in hydrated whole mounts examined using an environmental scanning electron microscope. novel observations were made of the iron oxides revealing the spatial relationships of the bacteria within to be more consistent with microbial mats than mineral precipitates. the bacterial structures are attributed to the sheaths of lepto ... | 2003 | 19719685 |
| population dynamics of iron-oxidizing communities in pilot plants for the treatment of acid mine waters. | the iron-oxidizing microbial community in two pilot plants for the treatment of acid mine water was monitored to investigate the influence of different process parameters such as ph, iron concentration, and retention time on the stability of the system to evaluate the applicability of this treatment technology on an industrial scale. the dynamics of the microbial populations were followed using t-rflp (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) over a period of several months. for a more ... | 2009 | 19746704 |
| postbiostimulation microbial community structure changes that control the reoxidation of uranium. | this study evaluated the influence of changes in the microbial community structure on reoxidation of reduced uranium during a postbiostimulation period. effluent groundwater from acetate-stimulated sediment flow-through columns was analyzed over 60 days after acetate amendment was discontinued. only a small reoxidation of iron or uranium (17%) occurred in the presence of 1-2 mg l(-1) o(2) influent groundwater for the 2-month period. most uranium reoxidation occurred during the first 2 weeks afte ... | 2010 | 20707815 |
| characterization of bacterial community structure in a drinking water distribution system during an occurrence of red water. | the role of bacteria in the occasional emergence of red water, which has been documented worldwide, has yet to be determined. to better understand the mechanisms that drive occurrences of red water, the bacterial community composition and the relative abundance of several functional bacterial groups in a water distribution system of beijing during a large-scale red water event were determined using several molecular methods. individual clone libraries of the 16s rrna gene were constructed for th ... | 2010 | 20851995 |
| lithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria produce organic stalks to control mineral growth: implications for biosignature formation. | neutrophilic fe-oxidizing bacteria (feob) are often identified by their distinctive morphologies, such as the extracellular twisted ribbon-like stalks formed by gallionella ferruginea or mariprofundus ferrooxydans. similar filaments preserved in silica are often identified as feob fossils in rocks. although it is assumed that twisted iron stalks are indicative of feob, the stalk's metabolic role has not been established. to this end, we studied the marine feob m. ferrooxydans by light, x-ray and ... | 2010 | 21107443 |
| distribution and diversity of gallionella-like neutrophilic iron oxidizers in a tidal freshwater marsh. | microbial iron oxidation is an integral part of the iron redox cycle in wetlands. nonetheless, relatively little is known about the composition and ecology of iron-oxidizing communities in the soils and sediments of wetlands. in this study, sediment cores were collected across a freshwater tidal marsh in order to characterize the iron-oxidizing bacteria (feob) and to link their distributions to the geochemical properties of the sediments. we applied recently designed 16s rrna primers targeting g ... | 2011 | 21317256 |
| characterization of the active bacterial community involved in natural attenuation processes in arsenic-rich creek sediments. | acid mine drainage of the carnoulès mine (france) is characterized by acid waters containing high concentrations of arsenic and iron. in the first 30 m along the reigous, a small creek draining the site, more than 38% of the dissolved arsenic was removed by co-precipitation with fe(iii), in agreement with previous studies, which suggest a role of microbial activities in the co-precipitation of as(iii) and as(v) with fe(iii) and sulfate. to investigate how this particular ecosystem functions, the ... | 2011 | 21318282 |
| nanometer-scale visualization and structural analysis of the inorganic/organic hybrid structure of gallionella ferruginea twisted stalks. | the so-called fe/mn-oxidizing bacteria have long been recognized for their potential to form extracellular iron hydroxide or manganese oxide structures in aquatic environments. bacterial species belonging to the genus gallionella, one type of such bacteria, oxidize iron and produce uniquely twisted extracellular stalks consisting of iron oxide-encrusted inorganic/organic fibers. this paper describes the ultrastructure of gallionella cells and stalks and the visualized structural and spatial loca ... | 2011 | 21378050 |
| biodiversity and geochemistry of an extremely acidic, low-temperature subterranean environment sustained by chemolithotrophy. | the geochemical dynamics and composition of microbial communities within a low-temperature (ôê+8.5-¦c), long-abandoned (>ôçâ90 years) underground pyrite mine (cae coch, located in north wales) were investigated. surface water percolating through fractures in the residual pyrite ore body that forms the roof of the mine becomes extremely acidic and iron-enriched due to microbially accelerated oxidative dissolution of the sulfide mineral. water droplets on the mine roof were found to host a very li ... | 2011 | 21382147 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel biomineral stalk-forming iron-oxidizing bacterium from a circumneutral groundwater seep. | the fe-depositing microorganism gallionella ferruginea was first described in 1836 based on its association with fe-rich environments and its distinctive morphology. since then, this morphology has been widely used to identify g. ferruginea. researchers have isolated several fe-oxidizing bacteria (feob) related to gallionella; however, few isolates have produced organized extracellular biomineral structures, and of these, only one stalk former has a sequenced 16s rrna gene, listed as g. ferrugin ... | 2011 | 22151253 |
| gallionella spp. in trickling filtration of subsurface aerated and natural groundwater. | the growth of iron-oxidizing bacteria, generally regarded as obligate microaerophilic at neutral ph conditions, has been reported in a wide range of environments, including engineered systems for drinking water production. this research focused on intensively aerated trickling filters treating deep anaerobic and subsurface aerated groundwater. the two systems, each comprising groundwater abstraction and trickling filtration, were monitored over a period of 9 months. gallionella spp. were quantif ... | 2011 | 22105778 |
| high-resolution 2d and 3d cryo-tem reveals structural adaptations of two stalk-forming bacteria to an fe-oxidizing lifestyle. | aerobic neutrophilic fe-oxidizing bacteria (feob) thrive where oxic and iron-rich anoxic waters meet. here, iron microbial mats are commonly developed by stalk-forming fe-oxidizers adapted to these iron-rich gradient environments, somehow avoiding iron encrustation. few details are known about feob physiology; thus, the bases of these adaptations, notably the mechanisms of interactions with iron, are poorly understood. we examined two stalked feob: the marine zetaproteobacterium mariprofundus fe ... | 2011 | 21895918 |
| biological iron oxidation by gallionella spp. in drinking water production under fully aerated conditions. | iron oxidation under neutral conditions (ph 6.5-8) may be a homo- or heterogeneous chemically- or a biologically-mediated process. the chemical oxidation is supposed to outpace the biological process under slightly alkaline conditions (ph 7-8). the iron oxidation kinetics and growth of gallionella spp. - obligatory chemolithotrophic iron oxidizers - were assessed in natural, organic carbon-containing water, in continuous lab-scale reactors and full-scale groundwater trickling filters in the neth ... | 2011 | 21889183 |
| following the kinetics: iron-oxidizing microbial mats in cold icelandic volcanic habitats and their rock-associated carbonaceous signature. | icelandic streams with mean annual temperatures of less than 5 °c, which receive the cationic products of basaltic rock weathering, were found to host mats of iron-cycling microorganisms. we investigated two representative sites. iron-oxidizing gallionella and iron-reducing geobacter species were present. the mats host a high bacterial diversity as determined by culture-independent methods. β-proteobacteria, actinobacteria, α-proteobacteria, and bacteroidetes were abundant microbial taxa. the ma ... | 2011 | 21895443 |
| Structural and spatial associations between Fe, O, and C in the network structure of the Leptothrix ochracea sheath surface. | The structural and spatial associations of Fe with O and C in the outer coat fibers of the Leptothrix ochracea sheath were shown to be substantially similar to the stalk fibers of Gallionella ferruginea, i.e., a central C core, probably of bacterial origin, and aquatic Fe interacting with O at the surface of the core. | 2011 | 21926209 |
| Influence of uranium on bacterial communities: a comparison of natural uranium-rich soils with controls. | This study investigated the influence of uranium on the indigenous bacterial community structure in natural soils with high uranium content. Radioactive soil samples exhibiting 0.26% - 25.5% U in mass were analyzed and compared with nearby control soils containing trace uranium. EXAFS and XRD analyses of soils revealed the presence of U(VI) and uranium-phosphate mineral phases, identified as sabugalite and meta-autunite. A comparative analysis of bacterial community fingerprints using denaturing ... | 2011 | 21998695 |
| Silicon and Phosphorus Linkage with Iron via Oxygen in the Amorphous Matrix of Gallionella ferruginea Stalks. | Bacterial species belonging to the genus Gallionella are Fe-oxidizing bacteria that produce uniquely twisted extracellular stalks consisting of iron-oxide-encrusted inorganic/organic fibers in aquatic environments. This paper describes the degree of crystallinity of Gallionella stalks and the chemical linkages of constituent elements in the stalk fibers. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the matrix of the fiber edge consisted of an assembly of primary particles of approximately 3 nm ... | 2012 | 22020519 |