| purification and characterization of phosphoglycerate mutase from methanol-grown hyphomicrobium x and pseudomonas am1. | phosphoglycerate mutase has been purified from methanol-grown hyphomicrobium x and pseudomonas ami by acid precipitation, heat treatment, ammonium sulphate fractionation, sephadex g-50 gel filtration and deae-cellulose column chromatography. the purification attained using the hyphomicrobium x extract was 72-fold, and using the pseudomonas ami extract, 140-fold. the enzyme purity, as shown by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 50% from hyphomicrobium x and 40% from pseudomonas am ... | 1976 | 10346 |
| alcohol dehydrogenase from methylobacterium organophilum. | the alcohol dehydrogenase from methylobacterium organophilum, a facultative methane-oxidizing bacterium, has been purified to homogeneity as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. it has several properties in common with the alcohol dehydrogenases from other methylotrophic bacteria. the active enzyme is a dimeric protein, both subunits having molecular weights of about 62,000. the enzyme exhibits broad substrate specificity for primary alcohols and catalyzes the two-step oxidat ... | 1978 | 80974 |
| [pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in methylotrophs]. | the activity of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases was determined in cell extracts of obligate and facultative methylotrophs which metabolized monocarbon reduced compounds via different pathways. phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was found to be the only enzyme responsible for the high level of co2 fixation by methylotrophs with the serine pathway (methylosinus trichosporium, hyphomicrobium vulgare, pseudomonas methylica). methylotrophs with the hexulose phosphate pathway mehylobacter c ... | 1979 | 108526 |
| the effect of adenosine triphosphate on phosphoglycerate mutase activity from hyphomicrobium x and pseudomonas am1 grown on reduced one-carbon compounds. | | 1976 | 188972 |
| purification and properties of methanol dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x. | (1) a method for the isolation of methanol dehydrogenase (alcohol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.99.8) from hyphomicrobium x is decribed. the purified enzyme was resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into one main and two minor active bands. iron and manganese were the only detected metals in the enzyme preparation. (2) the substrate, methanol, was oxidized to formic acid by a stoichiometric amount of artificial electron acceptor. during the reaction, no free formaldehyde could be de ... | 1978 | 208617 |
| the prosthetic group of methanol dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x: electron spin resonance evidence for a quinone structure. | | 1979 | 222269 |
| structural aspects of the dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenase of rhodopseudomonas acidophila. | 1. a dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenase was purified 60-fold from extracts of rhodopseudomonas acidophila 10050 grown aerobically on ethanol. 2. the properties of this enzyme were identical with those of the alcohol dehydrogenase synthesized by this organism during growth on methanol anaerobically in the light, and they are judged to be the same enzyme. 3. the enzyme gave a single protein band, coincident with alcohol dehydrogenase activity, during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. 4. the ami ... | 1979 | 229820 |
| identification of the prosthetic groups of dimethylamine dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x. | | 1979 | 454446 |
| ecology and taxonomy of bacteria attaching to wood surfaces in a tropical harbor. | water, sediment, and wooden pilings, samples of which were collected from a harbor in puerto rico during the course of a long-term study of biofouling of wood treated with creosote and related compounds, were found to support growth of microbial populations, the dominant taxa of which included hyphomicrobium, hyphomonas, pseudomonas, vibrio, and bacillus. new wood exposed to the harbor water was rapidly colonized by hyphomicrobium vulgare. old pilings in an advanced stage of biodeterioration mai ... | 1979 | 487291 |
| polyadenylic acid sequences in the rna of hyphomicrobium. | heterogeneous rna containing polyadenylic acid [poly(a)] sequence has been isolated from hyphomicrobium by affinity chromatography on oligothymidylic acid cellulose and polyuridylic acid sepharose columns. about 0.1 to 0.3% of [3h]adenine-labeled rna over a 60-min period is associated with poly(a) sequences. this percentage decreases to about 0.03 in a 20-h labeling period. the poly(a) tracts recovered after digestion with ribonuclease a and t1 are composed of greater than 95% adenine residues a ... | 1978 | 627532 |
| ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistron homologies among hyphomicrobium and various other bacteria. | the extent of hybrid formation between the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (r-rna) of hyphomicrobium strain b-522 and deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from bacteria of 21 different genera was examined. three generalized groupings were formed. group i (72-100%) consisted entirely of other strains of hyphomicrobium. representatives of the genera rhodopseudomonas, chromatium, caulobacter, prosthecomicrobium, rhodomicrobium, hyphomonas, and hyphomicrobium made up group ii (49-69%). the remaining gram-negative ... | 1977 | 861853 |
| numerical taxonomy and ecology of oligotrophic bacteria isolated from the estuarine environment. | slow-growing bacteria, isolated on nutrient-rich and nutrient-limited media, from chesapeake bay water and sediment samples, were examined for 119 biochemical, cultural, morphological, nutritional, and physiological characters. those bacteria which grow on low nutrient media, termed oligotrophs, a total of 162 strains, were subjected to taxonomic analysis, as a preliminary step in determining their ecological significance. the data for all strains included in the study were examined by computer ... | 1977 | 871972 |
| [primary metabolic pathways of methylated amines in hyphomicrobium vulgare]. | as was established by isotopic and ezymatic studies, there are some common features and certain differences in primary metabolic pathways of methanol, methylamine and trimethylamine in hyphomicrobium vulgare zv. assimilation of the carbon of these compounds at the level of formaldehyde through the serine cycle is in common, formaldehyde being partly oxidized to co2. the differences are manifested in the steps of conversion of c1-substrates prior to formaldehyde formation. the carbon of methanol ... | 1976 | 940497 |
| [electron microscopic study of the rybinsk water reservoir microflora]. | microflora of the rybinsk water reservoir was studied by electron microscopy throughout the year. common and rare bacterial forms were revealed which had not been detected before by light microscopy. the following forms prevailed: rod-like, coccoid, and bacteria of the vibrion type. rare species were confined to certain places of the reservoir and related to seasonal changes in it. bacteria belonging to the planktomyces genus were registered in the central part of the reservoir in july--august. ... | 1976 | 1004255 |
| [morphology and growth cycle of hyphomicrobium with a screw-like prostheca]. | hyphomicrobium with a screw-like prostheca was isolated from a mixed culture of soil bacteria. its morphology and growth cycle were studied by electron microscopy. the adult organisms are 1.6-1.8 mcm long and 0.8 mcm thick. the diameter of the prostheca is 0.2-0.3 mcm and sometimes up to 10-12 mcm. it has a peculiar screw-like structure of the cell wall surface and forms branches at whose ends daughter organisms develop. the bacterium multiplies not only by vegetative growth but also by conjugat ... | 1976 | 1004266 |
| oxidation of organic c1 compounds by hyphomicrobium spp. | washed cell suspensions of hyphomicrobium spp. were able to oxidize methanol, formaldehyde and formate. this suggested that enzymes for the oxidation of these compounds were present. the pathway of the oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide and water has been investigated using cell-free extracts. an ammonium-ion-activated, phenazine methosulphate-linked methanol dehydrogenase was detected. this enzyme has a dual substrate specificity for normal primary alcohols and formaldehyde. it has a high ... | 1975 | 1083205 |
| photomicrography of nalidixic acid treated hyphomicrobium neptunium: inhibition of bud formation and bud separation. | | 1975 | 1089464 |
| studies on the physiological significance of the lack of a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in hyphomicrobium sp. | hyphomicrobium x was grown in media containing either methanol or ethanol as a carbon and energy source, with or without additional organic carbon sources. the organism transported pyruvate, malate and succinate into the cells, and incorporated their carbon skeletons into cellular material, but when each of these compounds was added as sole carbon and energy source none supported growth of the organism. enzymic analysis of crude cell-free extracts failed to detect either a complete pyruvate dehy ... | 1975 | 1113081 |
| the microbial metabolism of c1 compounds. the electron-transport chain of pseudomonas am1. | pseudomonas am1, hyphomicrobium x and pseudomonas ms all contain cytochrome a/a(3) and a b-type cytochrome able to react with co. pseudomonas am1 and hyphomicrobium x also have a co-binding cytochrome c. the purified cytochrome c (redox potential 0.26v) of pseudomonas am1 was not susceptible to oxidation by molecular oxygen. co reacted slowly with the reduced form giving a co difference spectrum with a peak at 412nm and troughs at 420nm and 550nm. similar results were obtained with the cytochrom ... | 1975 | 1220689 |
| effect of cis-platinum(ii)diamminodichloride on cell division of hyphomicrobium and caulobacter. | low concentrations of the radiomimetic agent cis-platinum(ii)diamminodichloride (pdd) inhibited cell division in caulobacter crescentus (0.1 mug/ml) and hyphomicrobium sp. strain b-522 (1.0 mug/ml) without altering the length of prosthecae. after exposure, cells of c. crescentus appeared as long filaments, whereas only the bud portion of hyphomicrobium underwent elongation. pdd-treated cells of both species were multinucleated. after the removal of pdd by washing, filaments of c. crescentus frag ... | 1976 | 1245459 |
| the distribution of the isocitrate lyase serine pathway amongst one-carbon utilizing organisms. | a study of several one-carbon-utilizing organisms was conducted to determine the distribution of the recently found isocitrate-lyase-positive serine pathway of c1 assimilation. the results showed that this pathway is restricted to soil-isolated, non-pigmented pseudomonas, initially isolated in methylamine enrichments, and to certain species of hyphomicrobium. it was not detected in any organisms possessing a pink pigment. | 1976 | 1252999 |
| characterization of mutant forms of the quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase lacking an essential calcium ion. | methanol dehydrogenase (mdh) from methylobacterium extorquens, methylophilus methylotrophus, paracoccus denitrificans and hyphomicrobium x all contained a single atom of ca2+ per alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer. the role of ca2+ was investigated using the mdh from methylobacterium extorquens. this was shown to be similar to the mdh from hyphomicrobium x in having 2 mol of prosthetic group (pyrroloquinoline quinine; pqq) per mol of tetramer, the pqq being predominantly in the semiquinone form. mdh isolat ... | 1992 | 1332681 |
| mutagenesis and chromosome mobilization in hyphomicrobium facilis b-522. | spontaneously derived antibiotic-resistant mutants of hyphomicrobium facilis b-522, a restricted facultative methylotroph, occurred at a high frequency on agar plates with low antibiotic concentrations. mutants specifically defective in methanol oxidation have been obtained using an allyl alcohol direct selection technique. by chemical mutagenesis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine in the presence of chloramphenicol several stable auxotrophic mutants could be isolated: three leucine auxot ... | 1992 | 1335827 |
| purification and characterization of glycerate kinase from a serine-producing methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2. | the glycerate kinase of a serine-producing methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2, was purified to complete homogeneity and characterized, the first time for an enzyme from a methylotroph. the enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass about 41-52 kda. the enzyme was stable against heating at 35 degrees c for 30 min at ph values over 6-10. maximum activity was observed at ph 8.0 and around 50 degrees c. the km values for d-glycerate and atp were 0.13 mm and 0.13 mm, respectively. the enzy ... | 1992 | 1336459 |
| oxygen-dependent desulphation of monomethyl sulphate by agrobacterium sp. m3c. | agrobacterium sp. m3c, previously isolated from canal-water for its ability to grow on monomethyl sulphate, degraded this ester with stoichiometric liberation of inorganic sulphate. in contrast with the biodegradation of monomethyl sulphate in hyphomicrobium sp., and of other longer-chain alkyl sulphates in pseudomonas spp., the pathway in agrobacterium appeared not to involve a sulphatase enzyme capable of catalysing ester-bond hydrolysis. no such sulphatase was detectable under a range of cond ... | 1990 | 1368469 |
| [oxidation of hydrogen sulfide with cell-free extract of hyphomicrobium neptunium atcc 15444]. | soluble (fr. 1) and membrane (fr. 2) fractions were prepared from the cell-free extract of hyphomicrobium neptunium atcc 15444, and their effects on the oxidization of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) were studied. when h2s gas was supplied to fr. 1 and fr. 2, sulfur in both fractions and the majority of thiosulfate ion in fr. 1 were detected. the sulfide-oxidizing activity in fr. 2 but not in fr. 1 was inhibited by the addition of diethyldithiocarbamate, suggesting that fr. 1 and fr. 2 have different typ ... | 1992 | 1403665 |
| crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of hydroxypyruvate reductase (d-glycerate dehydrogenase) from hyphomicrobium methylovorum. | two crystal forms of hydroxypyruvate reductase (d-glycerate dehydrogenase) from the methylotrophic bacterium hyphomicrobium methylovorum have been grown from ammonium sulphate solutions. one crystal form is triclinic, with unit cell parameters a = 60.4 a, b = 60.5 a, c = 66.3 a, alpha = 102.3 degrees, beta = 113.7 degrees and gamma = 102.7 degrees, suggesting that a dimer (monomer m(r) 38,000) occupies the unit cell. this crystal form diffracts to beyond 2.4 a resolution and is suitable for crys ... | 1992 | 1602490 |
| evolutionary relationship of some stalked and budding bacteria (genera caulobacter, "hyphobacter", hyphomonas and hyphomicrobium) as studied by the new integral taxonomical method. | a new approach was developed for the determination of taxonomic and evolutional relationships among four genera of oligotrophic bacteria. the main idea of this approach is the algorithmized integrative analysis of the morphological and physiological specificity of these bacteria, their 5s rrna sequences, fatty acid and lipid composition of their membranes, as well as their sensitivity to a large variety of antibiotics. it was shown that the genera caulobacter and hyphomonas are closely related t ... | 1990 | 1689139 |
| 16s ribosomal rna sequence analysis for determination of phylogenetic relationship among methylotrophs. | 16s ribosomal rnas (rrna) of 12 methylotrophic bacteria have been almost completely sequenced to establish their phylogenetic relationships. methylotrophs that are physiologically related are phylogenetically diverse and are scattered among the purple eubacteria (class proteobacteria). group i methylotrophs can be classified in the beta- and the gamma-subdivisions and group ii methylotrophs in the alpha-subdivision of the purple eubacteria, respectively. pink-pigmented facultative and non-pigmen ... | 1990 | 1693657 |
| bacterial species dominance within a binary culture biofilm. | studies with two species of bacteria, pseudomonas putida and hyphomicrobium sp. strain zv620, were carried out to evaluate the overall net rate of accumulation of biofilm, the biofilm species composition, and individual species shear-related removal rates. bacterial cells of either or both species were deposited onto glass or biofilm surfaces to initiate multispecies biofilms. subsequent biofilm development was carried out under known conditions of nutrient concentration and laminar flow. establ ... | 1991 | 1892387 |
| purification and characterization of hydroxypyruvate reductase from a serine-producing methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2. | hydroxypyruvate reductase of a serine-producing methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2, was purified to complete homogeneity, crystallized and characterized, the first time for an enzyme from a methylotroph. the enzyme was found to be a dimer composed of identical subunits (38 kda), the molecular mass of the enzyme being about 70 kda. the enzyme was stable against heating at 25 degrees c for 10 min at ph values between 5 and 9. optimal activity was observed at ph 6.8 and around 45 degrees ... | 1990 | 2114287 |
| purification and characterization of serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase from a serine-producing methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2. | serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase was purified to complete homogeneity from a serine-producing methylotrophic bacterium, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2, which possesses the serine pathway. this is the first microbial serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase to be purified. the enzyme has a molecular mass of about 140 kda and consists of four subunits of identical mass, i.e. 40 kda. the holoenzyme exhibited absorption maxima at 282 nm and 408 nm, and a shoulder at about 315-345 nm in potassium phos ... | 1990 | 2114288 |
| different types of formaldehyde-oxidizing dehydrogenases in nocardia species 239: purification and characterization of an nad-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase. | three different dehydrogenases able to oxidize formaldehyde were found in the gram-positive methylotroph, nocardia sp. 239: an nad-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (na-adh), and nad- and factor-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (fd-fdh), and a dye-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase (dl-adh). the ratio of the activities observed for the two nad-linked enzymes varied with growth conditions: batch-wise grown cells had nearly the same activities for both enzymes; in fed batch-wise grown cells (methano ... | 1990 | 2241149 |
| taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on a new taxon of budding, hyphal proteobacteria, hirschia baltica gen. nov., sp. nov. | four strains of budding, hyphal bacteria, which had very similar chemotaxonomic properties, were isolated from the baltic sea. the results of dna-dna hybridization experiments, indicated that three of the new isolates were closely related, while the fourth was only moderately related to the other three. sequence signature and higher-order structural detail analyses of the 16s rrna of strain ifam 1418t (t = type strain) indicated that this isolate is related to the alpha subclass of the class pro ... | 1990 | 2275859 |
| a phylogenetic survey of budding, and/or prosthecate, non-phototrophic eubacteria: membership of hyphomicrobium, hyphomonas, pedomicrobium, filomicrobium, caulobacter and "dichotomicrobium" to the alpha-subdivision of purple non-sulfur bacteria. | the phylogenetic position of various budding and/or or prosthecate gram-negative eubacteria was determined by different methods. members of the genera hyphomicrobium, filomicrobium, pedomicrobium were investigated by 16s rrna cataloguing, a 1373 nucleotide long portion of the 16s rrna was sequenced from hyphomicrobium vulgare and the 5s rrnas were analyzed from two hyphomicrobium strains, hyphomonas polymorpha and caulobacter crescentus. comparison with published sequences indicated a membership ... | 1988 | 2455491 |
| studies on electron transfer from methanol dehydrogenase to cytochrome cl, both purified from hyphomicrobium x. | ferricytochrome cl isolated from hyphomicrobium x is an electron acceptor in assays for homologous methanol dehydrogenase (mdh), albeit a poor one compared with artificial dyes. the intermediates of mdh seen during the reaction are identical with those observed with wurster's blue as electron acceptor, indicating that the reaction cycles are similar. the assay showed a ph optimum of approx. 7.0 and scarcely any stimulation by nh4cl, this being in contrast with assays with artificial dyes, where ... | 1989 | 2537627 |
| pqq: biosynthetic studies in methylobacterium am1 and hyphomicrobium x using specific 13c labeling and nmr. | using 13c labeling and nmr spectroscopy we have determined biosynthetic precursors of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) in two closely related serine-type methylotrophs, methylobacterium am1 and hyphomicrobium x. analysis of the 13c-labeling data revealed that pqq is constructed from two amino acids: the portion containing n-6,c-7, 8, 9 and the two carboxylic acid groups, c-7' and 9', is derived-intact -from glutamate. the remaining portion is derived from tyrosine; the phenol side chain provides t ... | 1989 | 2549867 |
| nad-linked, gsh- and factor-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase of the methylotrophic bacterium, hyphomicrobium x. | cell-free extracts of hyphomicrobium x showed nad-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, provided that nad addition preceded that of aldehyde. activity was lost rather rapidly, especially during purification attempts, but this could be partially masked by including a time-dependent restoration step with thiol compounds in the protocol. the nature of the assay buffer appeared to be critical and stimulation occurred on incorporation of k+ ions in the mixture. an even higher specific activity c ... | 1989 | 2712573 |
| the soluble cytochromes c of methanol-grown hyphomicrobium x. evidence against the involvement of autoreduction in electron-acceptor functioning of cytochrome cl. | hyphomicrobium x, grown on methanol with o2 or nitrate as electron acceptor, contains two major soluble cytochromes c. these were isolated in electrophoretically homogeneous form. they are related to cytochromes c already described for other methylotrophic bacteria and designated cytochromes ch and cl (properties indicated in that order) in view of the following characteristics: absorption maxima of the reduced forms (414, 520 and 551 nm and 414, 520 and 550 nm); molar absorption coefficients of ... | 1988 | 2840895 |
| l-tyrosine is the precursor of pqq biosynthesis in hyphomicrobium x. | a method was developed to study amino acids as possible precursors of pqq biosynthesis. cultures of hyphomicrobium x, growing on [13c]methanol, were supplemented with unlabelled amino acids. uptake and participation in metabolism were determined via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of derivatized amino acids, obtained from hydrolyzed cellular protein, by measuring their 12c content. several amino acids appeared to be incorporated into the protein to a significant extent, without degradation ... | 1988 | 2844590 |
| [effect of aspartate amino acids on aspartokinase activity of oligotrophic bacteria]. | the object of this work was to study the effect of aspartate amino acids taken separately or in combinations on the aspartokinase activity of hyphomicrobium and methylobacterium methylotrophous strains. aspartokinase was shown to be a polyvalent enzyme regulated by the coordinated action of two amino acid pairs: lysine+threonine and threonine+methionine. | 1985 | 2989663 |
| crystalline serine hydroxymethyltransferase from an obligate methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum. | optimal culture conditions of a methylotrophic hyphomicrobium methylovorum and improved purification of serine hydroxymethyltransferase from the bacterium were established for the large-scale preparation of the enzyme. the first crystalline serine hydroxymethyltransferase from the microbial source was obtained in the apo form and found to be homogeneous. amino acid analysis revealed that the enzyme had higher value per subunit for acidic and neutral amino acids than that from rabbit liver. the c ... | 1986 | 3094513 |
| new bacteriophages active on strains of hyphomicrobium. | fifty-five lytic bacteriophages isolated from water and soil samples were active on many strains of the genus hyphomicrobium. the optimal isolation procedure was an adsorption method in which samples from a habitat similar to that of the respective host bacterium were used as the phage inoculum. according to the morphology and nucleic acid type these bacteriophages belonged to different families: myoviridae (type a1: five phages); styloviridae (type b1: 33 phages; type b2: eight phages) and podo ... | 1988 | 3199100 |
| kinetic and spectral studies on the redox forms of methanol dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x. | several reaction rate constants in the catalytic cycle of methanol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.99.8) in vitro were determined with stopped-flow spectrophotometry. the studies revealed that the high ph required for adequate activity of the enzyme is related to the strong ph dependency of the oxidation rates of the reduced and semiquinone enzyme forms, mdhred and mdhsem, with the artificial electron acceptor wurster's blue. the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle is associated with the conversion ... | 1988 | 3289922 |
| isolation and partial characterization of a bacteriophage active on hyphomicrobium sp. wi-926. | isolation of a hyphomicrobium phage from raw sewage from athens, ohio, was achieved by a combination of differential centrifugation, filtration, enrichment in mixed hyphomicrobium cultures, and purification on individual host strains by subculturing single plaques in soft agar overlayers. enrichments with water from lake erie and lake beechwood (ohio) were unsuccessful. out of 21 hyphomicrobium strains and 22 other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria tested, only hyphomicrobium wi-926 (isol ... | 1988 | 3401814 |
| [formation of a methylotrophic denitrifying biocenosis in a system of sewage treatment for nitrates]. | a methylotrophic denitrifying bioenosis composed of hyphomicrobes and paracocci was isolated from the active ooze in a system of sewage purification from nitrates. the morphological and physiological characteristics of the isolated hyphomicrobium sp. z-115 and paracoccus denitrificans z-100 and z-121 strains differed from those of the type strains, which made it difficult to identify them and to isolate them as a pure culture. this should be taken into account while determining the agents operat ... | 1988 | 3419370 |
| bacterial flora in bottled uncarbonated mineral drinking water. | a quantitative study of bacterial populations in mineral water was carried out. samples were stored at 6 and 20 degrees c, and the colony counts were determined on tryptone agar plates incubated at 22 and 37 degrees c. samples were collected from the spring source in sterile glass flasks and from the bottling factory in conventional plastic and glass containers. in both cases, the initial population (10(1)-10(2) cfu/ml water) increased to 10(5)-10(6) cfu/ml after 3 days storage as determined fro ... | 1987 | 3446349 |
| chemostat enrichment and isolation of hyphomicrobium eg. a dimethyl-sulphide oxidizing methylotroph and reevaluation of thiobacillus ms1. | a stable mixed bacterial culture was obtained by chemostat enrichment using dimethyl-sulphoxide as a carbon and energy source. this culture could not only rapidly oxidize dimethyl-sulphoxide but also dimethyl-sulphide. enzyme determinations indicated that an important part of it consisted of methylotrophs, which assimilated carbon via the serine pathway. indeed plate counts revealed the majority of the community to be a hyphomicrobium species. this organism, designated hyphomicrobium eg, is an o ... | 1986 | 3767349 |
| purification and characterization of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase from an obligate methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2. | a serine hydroxymethyltransferase was purified to complete homogeneity from a serine-producing obligate methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2. the enzyme has a molecular mass of about 98 kda and consists of two subunits of identical molecular mass. the holoenzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 280 nm, 340 nm and 415 nm in potassium phosphate buffer, ph 7.3, the last of which shifts with a change in ph (6.0-7.5) and contains 2 mol pyridoxal phosphate/mol enzyme. the holoenzyme is converted ... | 1987 | 3830156 |
| dichloromethane dehalogenase of hyphomicrobium sp. strain dm2. | dichloromethane dehalogenase, a highly inducible glutathione-dependent enzyme catalyzing the conversion of dichloromethane into formaldehyde and inorganic chloride, was purified fivefold with 60% yield from hyphomicrobium sp. strain dm2. the electrophoretically homogeneous purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 17.3 mkat/kg of protein. its ph optimum was 8.5. the enzyme was stable at -20 degrees c for at least 6 months. a subunit molecular weight of 33,000 was determined by sodium dode ... | 1985 | 3988708 |
| bacteriophage replication in hyphomicrobium. | | 1971 | 4109521 |
| a bacteriophage active on hyphomicrobium. | | 1971 | 4109522 |
| first generation synchrony of isolated hyphomicrobium swarmer populations. | a method is described for obtaining synchronously growing swarmer cell populations of hyphomicrobium sp. strain b-522. this was accomplished by isolating young swarmers from random cultures by centrifugation and filtration. cell multiplication occurred during 38% of the growth cycle in populations synchronized in this manner. observations were made of the changes in cellular morphology which occurred during the growth cycle. of the 14.25 h required for the doubling in cell numbers, an average of ... | 1973 | 4126818 |
| inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and bud formation by nalidixic acid in hyphomicrobium neptunium. | the relationship between chromosome replication and morphogenesis in the budding bacterium hyphomicrobium neptunium has been investigated. nalidixic acid was found to completely inhibit deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, but not ribonucleic acid synthesis. the antibiotic was bacteriostatic to the organism for the initial 5 h of exposure; thereafter it was bacteriocidal. observation of inhibited cultures revealed cells that had produced abnormally long stalks, but no buds. these results indicate th ... | 1973 | 4127631 |
| [properties of a new strain of hyphomicrobium, utilizing 1-carbon compounds]. | | 1974 | 4280494 |
| the purification of glycerate kinase from hyphomicrobium sp. and pseudomonas am1: product identification. | | 1974 | 4370494 |
| the nature of the ribosomal cistrons of hyphomicrobium strain b-522. | | 1974 | 4422283 |
| a rapid and specific enrichment procedure for hyphomicrobium spp. | | 1972 | 4561897 |
| nuclear apparatus of hyphomicrobium. | the nuclear apparatus of hyphomicrobium sp. strain b-522 is examined by various microscopy and radiolabeling techniques to determine its behavior during the reproductive cycle of these bacteria. the young, swarmer cell contains a single nucleoid comprised of a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) molecule with a molecular weight of 3.1 x 10(9). after development of the swarmer into a mature mother cell with a hypha and bud, the nucleoid replicates and separates into two daughter nucleoids during the init ... | 1973 | 4584815 |
| cleavage of malyl-coenzyme a into acetyl-coenzyme a and glyoxylate by pseudomonas am1 and other c1-unit-utilizing bacteria. | 1. malyl-coa lyase was found in high activity in extracts of pseudomonas am1, pseudomonas ma, pseudomonas ms, hyphomicrobium x and methylosinus trichosporium. 2. the enzyme cleaves (2s)-malyl-coa into equimolar amounts of acetyl-coa and glyoxylate in the presence of mg(2+). 3. the specific activity of malyl-coa lyase was several-fold higher in pseudomonas am1 when grown on c(1) compounds than when grown on c(2), c(3) or c(4) compounds. this suggests that the enzyme plays a specially important ro ... | 1973 | 4772632 |
| substrate specificity of the purified primary alcohol dehydrogenases from methanol-oxidizing bacteria. | hyphomicrobium strain wc, pseudomonas strain tp-1, and pseudomonas strain w1 are capable of growth on methanol as the sole source of carbon and energy. methanol-grown cells of each organism contain a primary alcohol dehydrogenase that has been purified to homogeneity. each enzyme has a molecular weight of 120,000 and shows an in vitro requirement for phenazine methosulfate and ammonium ions for enzymatic activity. normal aliphatic alcohols are oxidized rapidly by each enzyme. the presence of a m ... | 1974 | 4828309 |
| [metabolism of methylamine in hyphomicrobium]. | | 1974 | 4843942 |
| incidence of prosthecate bacteria in a polluted stream. | water samples were collected aseptically several times throughout the year at nine stations on the red cedar river, a stream flowing through farmland and receiving effluent from several municipalities in central michigan. total prosthecate bacteria were enumerated by both direct and viable counting techniques. by direct techniques, these bacteria accounted for 0.62 to 1.1% of the total microflora during the study. the predominant type of appendaged bacteria was the caulobacters (caulobacter, ast ... | 1971 | 4943266 |
| deoxyribonucleic acid base sequence homologies of some budding and prosthecate bacteria. | the genetic relatedness of a number of budding and prosthecate bacteria was determined by deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) homology experiments of the direct binding type. strains of hyphomicrobium sp. isolated from aquatic habitats were found to have relatedness values ranging from 9 to 70% with strain "ea-617," a subculture of the hyphomicrobium isolated by mevius from river water. strains obtained from soil enrichments had lower values with ea-617, ranging from 3 to 5%. very little or no homology ... | 1972 | 5018022 |
| similarities between hyphomicrobium and nitrobacter with respect to fatty acids. | vaccenic acid (11-18:1) accounted for 92% of the fatty acids in the extractable lipids of log-phase nitrobacter and hyphomicrobium. during the stationary phase, both genera formed a 19-carbon cyclopropane fatty acid which increased in proportion to a decrease in the amount of vaccenic acid. | 1972 | 5057773 |
| denitrification with methanol: a selective enrichment for hyphomicrobium species. | hyphomicrobium species were enriched in media with methanol as sole carbon source under conditions supporting denitrification. pure cultures of hyphomicrobium species were isolated which denitrified vigorously with methanol. hyphomicrobium b522, isolated by aerobic enrichment, was adapted to anaerobic growth and denitrification. hyphomicrobium b522 and a new isolate were surveyed for anaerobic growth and denitrification on a number of simple organic compounds. cell suspensions were tested for de ... | 1971 | 5128333 |
| taxonomic implications of reproductive mechanisms of hyphomicrobium-facies and pedomicrobium-facies of a pleomorphic budding bacterium. | | 1971 | 5316518 |
| pleomorphy in stalked, budding bacteria. | an investigation of hyphomicrobia from manganese deposits and various fresh-water habitats revealed an astonishing degree of pleomorphy in the group. a range of variation spanning two described genera (hyphomicrobium and pedomicrobium) was induced by varying culture conditions and was further observed in natural environments. it is suggested that pedomicrobium is an invalid genus. | 1967 | 5337828 |
| n-methyl groups in bacterial lipids. 3. phospholipids of hyphomicrobia. | the phospholipids of hyphomicrobium vulgare nq-521 have been separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography and analyzed by paper chromotography of the water-soluble products of acid and mild alkaline hydrolysis. the principal phospholipids are phosphatidyl ethanolamine (23%), phosphatidyl n,n'-dimethylethanolamine (36%), lecithin (29%), and phosphatidyl glycerol (10%). three other strains of hyphomicrobium were found to have similar phospholipid compositions. growing cells incorporated the ... | 1968 | 5640378 |
| cell wall composition of hypomicrobium species. | chemical analysis of cell walls obtained from hyphomicrobium b-522 and from a morphologically and nutritionally distinct organism, hyphomicrobium neptunium (atcc 15444), showed that the organisms have a similar cell wall composition, which is typical of gram-negative bacteria. the walls of both strains contained many amino acids, including the characteristic mucopeptide components diaminopimelic acid and muramic acid. isolation of the mucopeptide by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate was successful o ... | 1968 | 5685989 |
| [on assimilation pathways of carbon from monocarbonic compounds by budding hyphomicrobium vulgare stutz et hartleb]. | | 1965 | 5860425 |
| [a hyphomicrobium as an inhabitant of the gelatinous membrane of the fresh water rhodophycea kyliniella]. | | 1965 | 5884708 |
| serological relationships among budding, prosthecate bacteria. | the somatic antigens of 25 strains of budding bacteria were typed and 14 serologically distinct groups were identified, suggesting considerable antigenic diversity among hyphomicrobia. ten of the groups were represented by a single isolate, 2 contained two isolates, 1 three isolates, and 1 eight isolates. the strains in the largest group of eight isolates each shared at least one common antigen. however, there was also considerable antigenic heterogeneity within this cluster. serological activit ... | 1980 | 6157462 |
| timing of swarmer cell cycle morphogenesis and macromolecular synthesis by hyphomicrobium neptunium in synchronous culture. | the swarmer cycle of hyphomicrobium neptunium consists of a temporal sequence of discrete developmental events. to time morphogenesis and to investigate modulations in macromolecular synthesis, we attempted methods for synchronous culture. during synchrony, swarmer maturation occurred over 32%, hyphal growth occurred over 36%, and bud maturation occurred over 32% of the time required to complete the swarmer cycle. daughter cells were released after 265 min. deoxyribonucleic acid replication was ... | 1980 | 6158509 |
| the biology of hyphomicrobium and other prosthecate, budding bacteria. | | 1981 | 6170249 |
| respiratory ubiquinone-9 from hyphomicrobium spec. strain zv 580. | ubiquinone-9, an ubiquinone with a side-chain containing 9 prenyl residues, was purified from hyphomicrobium spec. strain zv 580, and identified by thin-layer chromatography, uv spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. the participation of the quinone in the reactions of the respiratory chain was established by observing its increasing reduction in a membrane fraction upon the addition of nadh, the exhaustion of oxygen, and in the presence of nadh plus cyanide. the degrees of reduction in these stat ... | 1981 | 6267832 |
| mechanistic studies on the dehydrogenases of methylotrophic bacteria. 2. kinetic studies on the intramolecular electron transfer in trimethylamine and dimethylamine dehydrogenase. | e.p.r. spectroscopy of the trimethylamine and dimethylamine dehydrogenases of hyphomicrobium x indicates that the substrate-reduced forms of these enzymes exist in the triplet state, which arise through interaction of a reduced [4fe-4s] cluster and flavosemiquinone, with e.p.r. signals which differ in detail from those of the trimethylamine dehydrogenase of bacterium w3a1. under certain conditions the intramolecular electron transfer between the flavoquinol form of 6-s-cysteinyl-fmn and the [4fe ... | 1982 | 6297456 |
| localization of the major dehydrogenases in two methylotrophs by radiochemical labeling. | the localization of prominent proteins in intact cells of two methylotrophic bacteria, hyphomicrobium sp. strain x and bacterium w3a1, was investigated by radiochemical labeling with [14c]isethionyl acetimidate. in bacterium w3a1, trimethylamine dehydrogenase was not labeled by the reagent and is, therefore, an intracellular protein, whereas the periplasmic location of the methylamine and methanol dehydrogenases was evidenced by being readily labeled in intact cells. similarly, an intracellular ... | 1983 | 6311799 |
| genetic manipulation of the restricted facultative methylotroph hyphomicrobium x by the r-plasmid-mediated introduction of the escherichia coli pdh genes. | the inability of hyphomicrobium x to grow on compounds such as pyruvate and succinate is most likely due to the absence of a functional pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) complex. further support for this was sought by studying the effect of the introduction of the escherichia coli pdh genes in hyphomicrobium x on the pattern of substrate utilization by the latter organism. these genes were cloned by in vivo techniques using the broad-host range conjugative plasmid rp4::mucts. plasmid rp4 derivatives ... | 1984 | 6393893 |
| glyoxylate conversion by hyphomicrobium species grown on allantoin as nitrogen source. | glyoxylate, formed as a result of allantoin degradation, is converted by hyphomicrobium species to glycerate via tartronate semialdehyde. glyoxylate carboligase and tartronate semialdehyde reductase, the two enzymes involved, are present only in cells grown on allantoin as nitrogen source. | 1983 | 6614900 |
| evolution of bacterial denitrification and denitrifier diversity. | little is known about the role of nitrate in evolution of bacterial energy-generating mechanisms. denitrifying bacteria are commonly regarded to have evolved from nitrate-respiring bacteria. some researchers regard denitrification to be the precursor of aerobic respiration; others feel the opposite is true. currently recognized denitrifying bacteria such as hyphomicrobium, paracoccus, pseudomonas and thiobacillus form a very diverse group. however, inadequate testing procedures and uncertain tax ... | 1982 | 6762849 |
| hyphomicrobium as a component of the aquatic microflora--morphological and physiological studies on two strains. | aspects of the morphology, metabolism and physiology of two oligocarbophilic strains of hyphomicrobium (h4k and s5k), isolated from the plusssee, were studied. both strains are able to grow on mineral salts media without added organic carbon sources. strain h4k grows well even in double distilled water. the two strains cannot grow on mineral media in the absence of atmospheric co2. no growth occurred also in air purified of organic carbon, in spite of the presence of co2. on the contrary, there ... | 1980 | 6781150 |
| modulation of adenylate energy charge during the swarmer cycle of hyphomicrobium neptunium. | adenylate energy charge was measured in the budding bacterium hyphomicrobium neptunium through the course of the swarmer cycle. the energy charge was modulated, being low in swarm cells (0.64) and in cells initiating bud formation (0.57), an event which coincides with a round of dna replication. | 1983 | 6826528 |
| identity of the subunits and the stoicheiometry of prosthetic groups in trimethylamine dehydrogenase and dimethylamine dehydrogenase. | trimethylamine dehydrogenases from bacterium w3a1 and hyphomicrobium x and the dimethylamine dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x were found to contain only one kind of subunit. the millimolar absorption coefficient of a single [4fe-4s] cluster in trimethylamine dehydrogenase from bacterium w3a1 was estimated to be 14.8 mm-1 . cm-1 at 443 nm. from this value a 1:1 stoicheiometry of the prosthetic groups, 6-s-cysteinyl-fmn and the [4fe-4s] cluster, was established. millimolar absorption coefficien ... | 1983 | 6882357 |
| studies on methanol dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x. isolation of an oxidized form of the enzyme. | 1. double-reciprocal plots of initial reaction rates of methanol dehydrogenase [alcohol--(acceptor) oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.99.8] in vitro show patterns of parallel lines. the results with various methanol, ammonia and phenazine methosulphate concentrations can be described by an equation valid for a ping pong kinetic mechanism with three reactants. 2. the overall maximum velocity was the same for several primary alcohols, c(2)-deuterated ethanols and different electron acceptors, but it was sign ... | 1980 | 6996671 |
| the prosthetic group of methanol dehydrogenase. purification and some of its properties. | methanol dehydrogenases isolated from bacteria belonging to different classes of methylotrophs contain the same prosthetic group. a procedure for its purification from whole cells is given. the reduced and oxidized form of the enzyme from hyphomicrobium x and those of the isolated group are compared and it is concluded that the latter indeed functions in the enzyme. further evidence is presented that the prosthetic group is not a pterine or lumazine derivative, but a water-soluble nitrogen-conta ... | 1980 | 6996672 |
| characterization of the second prosthetic group in methanol dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x. | procedures are described for preparing 2,7,9-tricarboxy-1h-pyrrolo [2, 3-f]quinoline-4,5-diol (pyrrolo-quinoline quinol) from 2.7,9-tricarboxy-1 h-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-4,5-dione (pyrrolo-quinoline quinone). when methanol dehydrogenase is denatured, two compounds are liberated which have the same properties as the quinone and quinol mentioned above. on analysing the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography, one molecule of the quinone and one molecule of the quinol per enzyme molecule ... | 1981 | 7026242 |
| metabolism of allantoin in hyphomicrobium species. | hyphomicrobium species are able to use allantoin as a nitrogen source for growth. allantoin is broken down to glyoxylate and ammonia by the consecutive action of allantoinase, allantoicase, ureidoglycolase and urease. | 1981 | 7337436 |
| the primary structure of hyphomicrobium x dimethylamine dehydrogenase. relationship to trimethylamine dehydrogenase and implications for substrate recognition. | the gene encoding dimethylamine dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x has been cloned and over-expressed in escherichia coli. using the chemically determined protein sequence, primers were designed to amplify dna fragments encoding the proximal and distal parts of the gene. these fragments were used to synthesise two probes and the dmd gene was cloned as part of two bamhi fragments isolated from digested genomic dna. the sequence of the complete open reading frame was determined on both strands an ... | 1995 | 7556160 |
| l-serine production by a methylotroph and its related enzymes. | the production process of l-serine from methanol and glycine has been developed using a methylotroph with the serine pathway. consecutive reactions of two enzymes, methanol dehydrogenase (mdh) and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (shmt) are involved in the production. we screened a high producer, hyphomicrobium methylovorum, which is an obligate methylotroph. with resting cells of the bacterium, 24 mg/ml of l-serine was produced from 100 mg/ml of glycine and 48 mg/ml of methanol in 3 days under o ... | 1993 | 7763921 |
| a microbial biosensor system for dihalomethanes. | a biosensor system able to measure dichloromethane (dcm) and other dihalomethanes has been developed. the analysis is based on hyphomicrobium dm2 cells immobilized in alginate. a combination of transducers consisting of a flow-calorimeter followed by a chloride-sensitive electrode has been used. by this design it was possible to monitor different aspects of the cell metabolism from one and the same pulse of substrate. the detection limit for the biosensor was 0.1 microm dichloromethane. the bios ... | 1993 | 7763999 |
| isolation of a dimethylsulfide-utilizing hyphomicrobium species and its application in biofiltration of polluted air. | the methylotrophic bacterium hyphomicrobium vs was enriched and isolated, using activated sewage sludge as inoculum in mineral medium containing dimethylsulfide (dms) at a low concentration to prevent toxicity. dms concentrations above 1 mm proved to be growth inhibiting. hyphomicrobium vs could use dms, dimethylsulfoxide (dmso), methanol, formaldehyde, formate, and methylated amines as carbon and energy source. carbon was assimilated via the serine pathway. dms-grown cells respired sulfide, thi ... | 1994 | 7765115 |
| microbes, enzymes and genes involved in dichloromethane utilization. | dichloromethane (dcm) is efficiently utilized as a carbon and energy source by aerobic, gram-negative, facultative methylotrophic bacteria. it also serves as a sole carbon and energy source for a nitrate-respiring hyphomicrobium sp. and for a strictly anaerobic co-culture of a dcm-fermenting bacterium and an acetogen. the first step of dcm utilization by methylotrophs is catalyzed by dcm dehalogenase which, in a glutathione-dependent substitution reaction, forms inorganic chloride and s-chlorome ... | 1994 | 7765835 |
| a novel dye-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase with some properties indicating the presence of a protein-bound redox-active quinone cofactor. | dye-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase from methylamine-grown hyphomicrobium zavarzinii zv 580, a tetramer of m(r) 210,000 with subunits of m(r) 54,000, was purified to homogeneity in five steps with 10% yield. the enzyme shows optimal affinity for, and activity with, formaldehyde (km 67 microm) compared with other aldehydes. pyridoxal phosphate, pyrroloquinoline quinone and other cofactors that would give the enzyme a distinctive absorption spectrum are absent. slight changes are observed in the ... | 1994 | 8037683 |
| cloning and expression of the gene for hydroxypyruvate reductase (d-glycerate dehydrogenase from an obligate methylotroph hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2. | the gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase, catalyzing the asymmetric reduction of hydroxypyruvate to d-glycerate, and its flanking regions were isolated from a methylotrophic bacterium, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2. nucleotide sequencing of the recombinant plasmids revealed that the hydroxypyruvate-reductase gene codes for the 322-amino-acid protein with calculated molecular mass 35,726 da. the sequence was confirmed by sequencing the intact enzyme and peptides obtained by digestion of the ... | 1994 | 8055948 |
| crystal structure of a nad-dependent d-glycerate dehydrogenase at 2.4 a resolution. | d-glycerate dehydrogenase (gdh) catalyzes the nadh-linked reduction of hydroxypyruvate to d-glycerate. gdh is a member of a family of nad-dependent dehydrogenases that is characterized by a specificity for the d-isomer of the hydroxyacid substrate. the crystal structure of the apoenzyme form of gdh from hyphomicrobium methylovorum has been determined by the method of isomorphous replacement and refined at 2.4 a resolution using a restrained least-squares method. the crystallographic r-factor is ... | 1994 | 8120891 |
| comparison of pathways for biodegradation of monomethyl sulphate in agrobacterium and hyphomicrobium species. | different mechanisms have been proposed previously for the biodegradation of monomethyl sulphate (mms) in agrobacterium sp. and hyphomicrobium sp. sulphate liberation from mms in agrobacterium sp. m3c was previously shown to be o2-dependent, whereas in several hyphomicrobium spp. the initiating step has been considered hitherto to be hydrolytic and catalysed by methyl sulphatase. in the present study, agrobacterium and hyphomicrobium strains were compared for their ability to oxidize mms and its ... | 1993 | 8126419 |
| the use of trehalose-stabilized lyophilized methanol dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium x for the detection of methanol. | the enzyme methanol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.99.8) from hyphomicrobium x was used in an attempt to develop a rapid colorimetric test for methanol. the enzyme was stabilized for storage by lyophilization in the presence of the disaccharide trehalose. it was found that the enzyme retained significantly greater activity in the dried state with trehalose than without. the enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation, after which it was found to be more stable in solution at ph 9 tha ... | 1993 | 8401307 |
| enzymatic assay for l-serine and glyoxylate involving the enzymes in the serine pathway of a methylotroph. | an easy, rapid, and accurate enzymatic assay method for l-serine was established involving two enzymes, serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (sgat, ec 2.6.1.45) and hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr, ec 1.1.1.81), in the serine pathway of the methylotrophic bacterium, hyphomicrobium methylovorum (ifo 14180), from which they were purified. this method consists of two reaction steps: the first is the nearly irreversible transamination of l-serine and glyoxylate by sgat, and the second is the hpr reacti ... | 1993 | 8452223 |
| molecular cloning and expression of the gene for serine hydroxymethyltransferase from an obligate methylotroph hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2. | the gene encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase (shmt), one of the key enzymes of the one-carbon-compound assimilation of a methylotroph, hyphomicrobium methylovorum gm2, and its flanking regions were isolated using a dna fragment encoding escherichia coli shmt as a probe. nucleotide sequencing of the recombinant plasmids revealed the shmt gene codes for the 434-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 46,068 da. the amino-acid sequence of the enzyme showed identity to the sequen ... | 1993 | 8462546 |