| the early nodulin gene srenod2 from sesbania rostrata is inducible by cytokinin. | the structure and expression of the early nodulin gene enod2 from the stem-nodulated tropical legume sesbania rostrata (srenod2) was examined. genomic clones carrying the single srenod2locus were isolated and the dna sequence of the gene was determined. the srenod2 gene was found to lack introns and to encode a protein consisting primarily of a 55-fold repeat of short proline-rich oligopeptides. a putative signal sequence, which may be responsible for targeting of the enod2 protein to the cell w ... | 1992 | 1303791 |
| phylogeny of fast-growing soybean-nodulating rhizobia support synonymy of sinorhizobium and rhizobium and assignment to rhizobium fredii. | we determined the sequences for a 260-base segment amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (corresponding to positions 44 to 337 in the escherichia coli 16s rrna sequence) from seven strains of fast-growing soybean-nodulating rhizobia (including the type strains of rhizobium fredii chemovar fredii, rhizobium fredii chemovar siensis, sinorhizobium fredii, and sinorhizobium xinjiangensis) and broad-host-range rhizobium sp. strain ngr 234. these sequences were compared with the corresponding pre ... | 1992 | 1371066 |
| broad host range and promoter selection vectors for bacteria that interact with plants. | a plasmid vector, pgv910, and a derived cosmid, prg930, have been constructed. both contain the cole1 and pvs1 origins of replication and are stably maintained in escherichia coli, agrobacterium tumefaciens, and azorhizobium caulinodans ors571. they are compatible with commonly used incp cloning vectors, although pvs1 was classified as an incp plasmid, unable to replicate in e. coli (y. itoh, j.m. watson, d. haas, and t. leisinger, plasmid 11:206-220, 1984). promoter selection vectors were deriv ... | 1992 | 1421510 |
| identification of a new inducible nodulation gene in azorhizobium caulinodans. | the narrow host range bacterial strain azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 induces the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the root and stem of the tropical legume sesbania rostrata. here, a new flavonoid-inducible locus of ors571 is described, locus 4. the locus was identified and isolated via the occurrence of particular sequences, the gamma and delta elements. these elements are reiterated in the ors571 genome, linked to symbiotic loci. sequencing of locus 4 showed the presence of an open rea ... | 1992 | 1472718 |
| systematic sequencing of the escherichia coli genome: analysis of the 0-2.4 min region. | a contiguous 111,402-nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 0 to 2.4 min region of the e. coli chromosome was determined as a first step to complete structural analysis of the genome. the resulting sequence was used to predict open reading frames and to search for sequence similarity against the pir protein database. a number of novel genes were found whose predicted protein sequences showed significant homology with known proteins from various organisms, including several clusters of genes si ... | 1992 | 1630901 |
| characterization of a novel azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 two-component regulatory system, ntry/ntrx, involved in nitrogen fixation and metabolism. | azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 nifa regulation is partially mediated by the nitrogen regulatory gene ntrc. however, the residual nifa expression in ntrc mutant strains is still modulated by the cellular nitrogen and oxygen status. a second ntrc-homologous region, linked to ntrc, was identified and characterized by site-directed insertion mutagenesis and dna sequencing. tn5 insertions in this region cause pleiotropic defects in nitrogen metabolism and affect free-living as well as symbiotic nitr ... | 1991 | 1661370 |
| regulation of nitrogen fixation in azorhizobium caulinodans: identification of a fixk-like gene, a positive regulator of nifa. | the nucleotide sequence of a 1 kb fragment upstream of azorhizobium caulinodans fixl was established. an open reading frame of 744 bp was identified as a fixk homologue. a kanamycin cartridge was inserted into the cloned fixk-like gene and recombined into the host genome. the resulting mutant was nif-fix-, suggesting that fixk was required for nitrogen fixation both in symbiotic conditions and in the free-living state. using a pfixk-lacz fusion, the fixlj products were shown to control the expre ... | 1991 | 1766374 |
| sequence and structural organization of a nif a-like gene and part of a nifb-like gene of herbaspirillum seropedicae strain z78. | the deduced amino acid sequence derived from the sequence of a fragment of dna from the free-living diazotroph herbaspirillum seropedicae was aligned to the homologous protein sequences encoded by the nifa genes from azorhizobium caulinodans, rhizobium leguminosarum, rhizobium meliloti and klebsiella pneumoniae. high similarity was found in the central domain and in the c-terminal region. the h. seropedicae putative nifa sequence was also found to contain an interdomain linker similar to that co ... | 1991 | 1840608 |
| nucleotide sequence of the fixabc region of azorhizobium caulinodans ors571: similarity of the fixb product with eukaryotic flavoproteins, characterization of fixx, and identification of nifw. | the nucleotide sequence of a 4.1 kb dna fragment containing the fixabc region of azorhizobium caulinodans was established. the three gene products were very similar to the corresponding polypeptides of rhizobium meliloti. the c-terminal domains of both fixb products displayed a high degree of similarity with the alpha-subunits of rat and human electron transfer flavoproteins, suggesting a role for the fixb protein in a redox reaction. two open reading frames (orf) were found downstream of fixc. ... | 1991 | 1850088 |
| detection of alternative nitrogenases in aerobic gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacteria. | strains of aerobic, microaerobic, nonsymbiotic, and symbiotic dinitrogen-fixing bacteria were screened for the presence of alternative nitrogenase (n2ase) genes by dna hybridization between genomic dna and dna encoding structural genes for components 1 of three different enzymes. a nifdk gene probe was used as a control to test for the presence of the commonly occurring mo-fe n2ase, a vnfdgk gene probe was used to show the presence of v-fe n2ase, and an anfdgk probe was used to detect fe n2ase. ... | 1991 | 1987127 |
| occurrence of lipid a variants with 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from members of the family rhizobiaceae. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) isolated from several strains of rhizobium, bradyrhizobium, agrobacterium, and azorhizobium were screened for the presence of 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid. the lpss from all strains, with the exception of azorhizobium caulinodans, contained various amounts of this long-chain hydroxy fatty acid in the lipid a fractions. analysis of the lipid a sugars revealed three types of backbones: those containing glucosamine (as found in rhizobium meliloti and rhizobium fredii), tho ... | 1991 | 2007543 |
| involvement of fixlj in the regulation of nitrogen fixation in azorhizobium caulinodans. | a gene bank of azorhizobium caulinodans dna constructed in the bacteriophage lambda gem11 was screened with rhizobium meliloti fixl and fixj genes as probes. one positive recombinant phage, ors lambda l, was isolated. the nucleotide sequence of a 3.7 kb fragment was established. two open reading frames of 1512bp and 613bp were identified as fixl and fixj. kanamycin cartridges were inserted into the cloned fixl and fixj genes and recombined into the host genome. the resulting mutants were nif- fi ... | 1991 | 2046550 |
| identification and characterization of a functional nodd gene in azorhizobium caulinodans ors571. | azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, a bacterium capable of nodulating roots and stems of the tropical legume sesbania rostrata, has been shown to have no nodd-like gene located immediately upstream from its common nodabc locus. a clone carrying a functional nodd gene of strain ors571 has now been isolated from a plafr1 gene library by screening for naringenin-induced expression of the common nod genes in an agrobacterium background. tn5 mutagenesis of the cloned insert dna delimited the inducing ac ... | 1990 | 2158977 |
| common nodabc genes in nod locus 1 of azorhizobium caulinodans: nucleotide sequence and plant-inducible expression. | azorhizobium caulinodans strain ors571 induces nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots and stem-located root primordia of sesbania rostrata. two essential nod loci have been previously identified in the bacterial genome, one of which (nod locus 1) shows weak homology with the common nodc gene of rhizobium meliloti. here we present the nucleotide sequence of this region and show that it contains three contiguous open reading frames (orfa, orfb and orfc) that are related to the nodabc genes of rhizobium ... | 1989 | 2615763 |
| the azorhizobium caulinodans nitrogen-fixation regulatory gene, nifa, is controlled by the cellular nitrogen and oxygen status. | the nucleotide sequence of the azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 nifa locus was determined and the deduced nifa amino acid sequence compared with that of nifa from other nitrogen-fixing species. highly conserved domains, including helix-turn-helix and atp-binding motifs, and specific conserved residues, such as a cluster of cysteines, were identified. the nifa 5' upstream region was found to contain dna sequence motifs highly homologous to promoter elements involved in nifa/ntr-mediated control an ... | 1989 | 2664425 |
| identification of dna regions homologous to nitrogen fixation genes nife, nifus and fixabc in azospirillum brasilense sp7. | a 30 kb dna region from azospirillum brasilense sp7, containing the nitrogenase structural genes (nifhdk), has been cloned. the presence of nif genes, in the 20 kb located next to nifhdk, was explored by tn5 mutagenesis after subcloning various restriction fragments in the broad-host-range suicide vehicle psup202. over 25 mutations due to tn5 random insertions were obtained in the 20 kb and each recombined into the genome of strain sp7. four new nif loci were identified, located at about 4, 9, 1 ... | 1989 | 2695597 |
| mini-mulac transposons with broad-host-range origins of conjugal transfer and replication designed for gene regulation studies in rhizobiaceae. | novel mini-mu derivatives were constructed, carrying a truncated laczya operon fused to the terminal 117 bp of the mu s-end, for the isolation of translational lac fusions by mini-mu-mediated insertion mutagenesis. different selectable markers (chloramphenicol resistance; gentamycin resistance) were introduced to allow selection for mini-mu insertions in different replicons and bacterial strains. a mini-mulac derivative carrying the site for conjugal transfer of plasmid rp4 (orit) and the origin ... | 1988 | 2838383 |
| characterization of the fixabc region of azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 and identification of a new nitrogen fixation gene. | the fast growing strain, azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, isolated from stem nodules of the tropical legume sesbania rostrata, can grow in the free-living state at the expense of molecular nitrogen. five point mutants impaired in nitrogen fixation in the free-living state have been complemented by a plasmid containing the cloned fix-abc region of strain ors571. genetic analysis of the mutants showed that one was impaired in fixc, one in fixa and the three others in a new gene, located upstream f ... | 1988 | 3216855 |
| the fix escherichia coli region contains four genes related to carnitine metabolism. | anaerobic carnitine metabolism in escherichia coli was recently shown to involve six genes organized in the cai operon and located at the first minute on the chromosome. the dna sequence lying at the 5' end of the cai locus was further investigated. it contains four open reading frames organized as an operon. in vivo overexpression of this dna region revealed four polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 27, 33, 45 and 6 kda. these proteins displayed significant amino acid sequence homolog ... | 1995 | 7473063 |
| biosynthesis of azorhizobium caulinodans nod factors. study of the activity of the nodabcs proteins by expression of the genes in escherichia coli. | by in vitro and in vivo studies with escherichia coli expressing different combinations of the nodabcs genes of azorhizobium caulinodans, nod factor intermediates were identified and their structures determined using mass spectrometry. substrate-product relationships were studied by time course experiments, and the nod factor biosynthetic pathway was partially resolved. e. coli strains, harboring noda and/or nodb, did not produce nod metabolites, whereas the strain expressing nodc produced chito ... | 1995 | 7493950 |
| nods is an s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that methylates chitooligosaccharides deacetylated at the non-reducing end. | in response to phenolic compounds exuded by the host plant, symbiotic rhizobium bacteria produce signal molecules (nod factors), consisting of lipochitooligosaccharides with strain-specific substitutions. in azorhizobium caulinodans strain ors571 these modifications are an o-arabinosyl group, an o-carbamoyl group, and an n-methyl group. several lines of evidence indicate that the nods gene located in the nodabcsuij operon is implicated in the methylation of nod factors. previously we have shown ... | 1995 | 7494487 |
| cloning of an azorhizobium caulinodans endoglucanase gene and analysis of its role in symbiosis. | azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, a symbiont of the tropical leguminous plant sesbania rostrata, showed low, constitutive levels of endoglucanase (egl) activity. a clone carrying the gene responsible for this phenotype was isolated via introduction of a genomic library into the wild-type strain and screening for transconjugants with enhanced egl activity. by subcloning and expression in escherichia coli, the egl phenotype was allocated to a 3-kb ecori-bamhi fragment. however, sequence analysis sh ... | 1995 | 7574641 |
| the fnr family of transcriptional regulators. | homologues of the transcriptional regulator fnr from escherichia coli have been identified in a variety of taxonomically diverse bacterial species. despite being structurally very similar, members of the fnr family have disparate regulatory roles. those from shewanella putrefaciens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas stutzeri and rhodopseudomonas palustris are functionally similar to fnr in that they regulate anaerobic respiration or carbon metabolism. four rhizobial proteins (from rhizobium me ... | 1994 | 7747934 |
| dna sequence of a gene in escherichia coli encoding a putative tripartite transcription factor with receiver, atpase and dna binding domains. | we have sequenced downstream of the last previously sequenced gene of the glucitol operon (gutabdmrq) in e. coli and have found that gutq is the last gene of this operon. downstream of the gutq gene is found a palindromic unit (pu or rep sequence), followed by a large open reading frame of 1515 (or possibly 1590) bps transcribed in the direction opposite to that of the gut operon. this open reading frame encodes a protein of 504 (or possibly 529) amino acids with a tripartite structure. the n-te ... | 1994 | 7894055 |
| [the endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria: their structure and biological role]. | main attention in the paper is paid to the study of lipid a, a component possessing endotoxic activity. lipids a containing glucosamine disaccharide (representatives of enterobacteriaceae family), and variants of lipid a differing from the toxic one either in the structure of carbohydrate core or in the spectrum of fatty acids are considered. they are either phototrophic, nodulating (bradyrhyzobium species) or soil species (nitrobacter and thiobacillus) bacteria. lipid a from lipopolysaccharides ... | 1994 | 7952230 |
| genetic regulation of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia. | this review presents a comparison between the complex genetic regulatory networks that control nitrogen fixation in three representative rhizobial species, rhizobium meliloti, bradyrhizobium japonicum, and azorhizobium caulinodans. transcription of nitrogen fixation genes (nif and fix genes) in these bacteria is induced primarily by low-oxygen conditions. low-oxygen sensing and transmission of this signal to the level of nif and fix gene expression involve at least five regulatory proteins, fixl ... | 1994 | 7968919 |
| root nodulation of sesbania rostrata. | the tropical legume sesbania rostrata can be nodulated by azorhizobium caulinodans on both its stem and its root system. here we investigate in detail the process of root nodulation and show that nodules develop exclusively at the base of secondary roots. intercellular infection leads to the formation of infection pockets, which then give rise to infection threads. concomitantly with infection, cortical cells of the secondary roots dedifferentiate, forming a meristem which has an "open-basket" c ... | 1994 | 8106317 |
| the nodc protein of azorhizobium caulinodans is an n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. | nod factors are signal molecules produced by azorhizobium, bradyrhizobium, and rhizobium species that trigger nodule formation in leguminous host plants. the backbone of nod factors consists of a beta-1,4-n-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharide from which the n-acetyl group at the nonreducing end is replaced by a fatty acid. the nodabc gene products are necessary for backbone biosynthesis. by incubation of cell extracts from azorhizobium caulinodans with radioactive uridine diphosphate-n-acetylgluco ... | 1994 | 8146173 |
| functional analysis of the fixnoqp region of azorhizobium caulinodans. | the deduced amino acid sequences of four open reading frames identified upstream of the fixghi region in azorhizobium caulinodans are very similar to the putative terminal oxidase complex coded by the fixnoqp operons from rhizobium meliloti and bradyrhizobium japonicum. the expression of the a. caulinodans fixnoqp genes, which was maximal under microaerobiosis, was positively regulated by fixk and independent of nifa. in contrast to the fix- phenotype of b. japonicum and r. meliloti fixn mutants ... | 1994 | 8169204 |
| the expression of nifa in azorhizobium caulinodans requires a gene product homologous to escherichia coli hf-i, an rna-binding protein involved in the replication of phage q beta rna. | we report the characterization of a mutant of azorhizobium caulinodans, isolated after ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. this nod+ nif- fix- mutant is unable to synthesize 10 of 15 polypeptides normally induced under conditions of nitrogen fixation. by using lacz fusions it was shown that nifa and nifa-regulated genes were not expressed in this strain. the mutation was complemented by a constitutively expressed nifa gene or by a 1.1-kb dna fragment from the wild-type strain, whose nucleotide s ... | 1994 | 8197116 |
| role of the fixghi region of azorhizobium caulinodans in free-living and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. | a 19-kb dna region containing genes sharing homology with rhizobium meliloti fixnoqp and fixghi was isolated from a genomic library of azorhizobium caulinodans. identity of fixg was confirmed by partial nucleotide sequencing. mutant strains in the fixghi region were constructed by deletion or tn5 insertions. in contrast with the situation in r. meliloti, the mutants still displayed a significant nitrogenase activity in symbiosis. | 1993 | 8282187 |
| cloning and sequence of the rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli fixa gene. | we report the identification and cloning of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli fixabcx homologous genes and the complete nucleotide sequence of the fixa gene. the corresponding gene product is highly homologous to the rhizobium meliloti and azorhizobium caulinodans fixa proteins. putative ntra- and nifa-binding sites are identified in the fixa promoter region. | 1993 | 8369342 |
| identification of nodsuij genes in nod locus 1 of azorhizobium caulinodans: evidence that nods encodes a methyltransferase involved in nod factor modification. | the azorhizobium caulinodans strain ors571 nodulation genes nodsuij were located downstream from nodabc. complementation data and transcriptional analysis suggest that nodabcsuij form a single operon. mutants with tn5 insertions in the genes nods, nodu, and nodj were delayed in nodulation of sesbania rostrata roots and stems. the nods amino acid sequences of ors571, bradyrhizobium japonicum, and rhizobium sp. strain ngr234, contain a consensus with similarity to s-adenosylmethionine (sam)-utiliz ... | 1993 | 8412659 |
| a new root-nodulating symbiont of the tropical legume sesbania, rhizobium sp. sin-1, is closely related to r. galegae, a species that nodulates temperate legumes. | rhizobium sp. sin-1, isolated in india from root nodules on the tropical legume sesbania aculeata, also induces nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of s. macrocarpa, s. speciosa, s. procumbens, s. punicea, s. rostrata, and vigna unguiculata. unlike azorhizobium caulinodans, sin-1 does not induce stem nodules on s. rostrata. the nodules induced by sin-1 develop exclusively at the bases of secondary roots. electron microscopic studies of mature nodule sections revealed rhizobia within intercellular s ... | 1995 | 8593950 |
| a region of a sym plasmid of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli has similarity to prokaryotic insertion sequences and to eukaryotic integrases. | near the nod and nif genes of the sym plasmid prp2ji of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli are three open reading frames whose deduced polypeptide products have similarities to those of genes in bacterial insertion sequences. the similarity of one of these orfs was significantly greater to that of the integrase region of pol proteins of eukaryotic retroviruses and transposable elements in animals and plants than it was to the transposases of prokaryotic insertion sequences. in the noncoding ... | 1996 | 8700965 |
| azorhizobium caulinodans uses both cytochrome bd (quinol) and cytochrome cbb3 (cytochrome c) terminal oxidases for symbiotic n2 fixation. | azorhizobium caulinodans employs both cytochrome bd (cytbd; quinol oxidase) and cytcbb3 (cytc oxidase) as terminal oxidases in environments with very low o2 concentrations. to investigate physiological roles of these two terminal oxidases both in microaerobic culture and in symbiosis, knockout mutants were constructed. as evidenced by visible absorbance spectra taken from mutant bacteria carrying perfect gene replacements, both the cytbd- and cytcbb3- mutations were null alleles. in aerobic cult ... | 1996 | 8830696 |
| rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae contains a second fnr/fixk-like gene and an unusual fixl homologue. | genes of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae vf39 coding for the regulatory elements nifa, fixl and fixk were isolated, sequenced and genetically analysed. the fixk-fixl region is located upstream of the fixnoqp operon on the non-nodulation plasmid prlevf39c. the deduced amino acid sequence of fixl revealed an unusual structure in that it contains a receiver module (homologous to the n-terminal domain of response regulators) fused to its transmitter domain. an oxygen-sensing haem-binding domain, ... | 1996 | 8858582 |
| fucosylation and arabinosylation of nod factors in azorhizobium caulinodans: involvement of nolk, nodz as well as noec and/or downstream genes. | the dna region downstream of the nodabcsuij operon of azorhizobium caulinodans was further characterized and two new genes, nodz and noec were identified in the same operon. the a. caulinodans wild-type strain produces a population of nod factors that, at the reducing end, are either unmodified or carry a d-arabinosyl and/or an l-fucosyl branch. nod factors produced by tn5-insertion mutants in nodz, noec, and the separate nolk locus, were analysed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectromet ... | 1996 | 8858594 |
| a bacterial basic region leucine zipper histidine kinase regulating toluene degradation. | the two-component signal transduction pathways in bacteria use a histidine-aspartate phosphorelay circuit to mediate cellular changes in response to environmental stimuli. here we describe a novel two-component todst system, which activates expression of the toluene degradation (tod) pathway in pseudomonas putida f1. the tods gene is predicted to encode a sensory hybrid kinase with two unique properties--a basic region leucine zipper dimerization motif at the n terminus and a duplicated histidin ... | 1997 | 9037074 |
| yst gene expression in yersinia enterocolitica is positively regulated by a chromosomal region that is highly homologous to escherichia coli host factor 1 gene (hfq). | yersinia enterocolitica produces heat-stable enterotoxin (y-st) as one of its virulence factors. the yst gene, however, frequently and spontaneously becomes inactive (silent) during storage, which is accompanied by concurrent changes in some biological properties such as colony morphology, growth rate, carbon fermentation and ornithine decarboxylase activity. northern blot analysis revealed that the level of mrna for yst was repressed. to investigate the regulatory region, we transformed a yst-s ... | 1995 | 8825090 |
| role of nodl and nodj in lipo-chitooligosaccharide secretion in azorhizobium caulinodans and escherichia coli. | lipo-chitooligosaccharide (lco) nod factors are produced and secreted by rhizobia and trigger nodule development in leguminous host plants. the products of the bacterial nodlj genes are related to transporters of capsular polysaccharides and were proposed to be involved in lco transport. we have studied nodlj of azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 by analysis of cell-associated and secreted radioactively labelled nod factors in wild-type ors571, a nodj mutant and a complemented strain. secretion was ... | 1996 | 8809752 |
| bacterial nodulation protein nodz is a chitin oligosaccharide fucosyltransferase which can also recognize related substrates of animal origin. | the nodz gene, which is present in various soil bacteria such as bradyrhizobium japonicum, azorhizobium caulinodans, and rhizobium loti, is involved in the addition of a fucosyl residue to the reducing n-acetylglucosamine residue of lipochitin oligosaccharide (lco) signal molecules. using an escherichia coli strain that produces large quantities of the nodz protein of b. japonicum, we have purified the nodz protein to homogeneity. the purified nodz protein appears to be active in an in vitro tra ... | 1997 | 9113990 |
| characterization of azorhizobium caulinodans glnb and glna genes: involvement of the p(ii) protein in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. | the nucleotide sequence and transcriptional organization of azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 glna, the structural gene for glutamine synthetase (gs), and glnb, the structural gene for the p(ii) protein, have been determined. glnb and glna are organized as a single operon transcribed from the same start site, under conditions of both nitrogen limitation and nitrogen excess. this start site may be used by two different promoters since the expression of a glnb-lacz fusion was high in the presence of ... | 1997 | 9171403 |
| use of differential display to identify novel sesbania rostrata genes enhanced by azorhizobium caulinodans infection. | upon infection of the tropical legume sesbania rostrata with azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, nodules are formed on the roots as well as on the stems. stem nodules appear at multiple predetermined sites consisting of dormant root primordia, which are positioned in vertical rows along the stem of the plant. we used the differential display method to isolate and characterize three cdna clones (differential display; didi-2, didi-13, and didi-20), corresponding to genes whose expression is enhanced ... | 1995 | 8664492 |
| hydrogenase genes from rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae are controlled by the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein nifa. | rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae expresses an uptake hydrogenase in symbiosis with peas (pisum sativum) but, unlike all other characterized hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, cannot express it in free-living conditions. the hydrogenase-specific transcriptional activator gene hoxa described in other species was shown to have been inactivated in r. leguminosarum by accumulation of frameshift and deletion mutations. symbiotic transcription of hydrogenase structural genes hupsl originates from a -24/-12 ... | 1997 | 9177161 |
| structural and functional analysis of the fixlj genes of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli cnpaf512. | the fixlj genes of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli cnpaf512 were identified by dna hybridization of a genomic library with an internal fragment of the rhizobium meliloti fixj gene. the nucleotide sequence was determined and the corresponding amino acid sequence was aligned with the amino acid sequences of the fixl proteins of r. meliloti, bradyrhizobium japonicum and azorhizobium caulinodans. while the fixj protein and the carboxy-terminal part of the fixl protein are highly homologous t ... | 1995 | 8552028 |
| specific flavonoids promote intercellular root colonization of arabidopsis thaliana by azorhizobium caulinodans ors571. | the ability of azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 and other diazotrophic bacteria to internally colonize roots of arabidopsis thaliana has been studied. strains tagged with lacz or gusa reporter genes were used, and the principal colonization sites were found to be the points of emergence of lateral roots, lateral root cracks (lrcs). high frequencies of colonization were found; 63 to 100% of plants were colonized by ors571, and 100% of plants were colonized by herbaspirillum seropedicae. after lrcs ... | 1997 | 9204562 |
| cdna cloning and mitochondrial import of the beta-subunit of the human electron-transfer flavoprotein. | we have isolated a cdna clone which encodes the entire beta-subunit of human electron-transferring flavoprotein (etf) by screening an expression library from human liver using polyclonal antibodies against porcine etf. this cdna encodes a protein of 255 amino-acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 27,877 da which shows a high degree of similarity with partial amino-acid sequences obtained from both rat liver and paracoccus denitrificans beta-etf. northern-blot analysis shows that the h ... | 1993 | 8504797 |
| identification of a nifw-like gene in azospirillum brasilense. | a small orf, 5' upstream of the fixabc operon in azospirillum brasilense sp7, has been identified. sequence comparison shows significant homology to the azotobacter vinelandii and azorhizobium caulinodans nifw gene. | 1993 | 8504172 |
| three phylogenetic groups of noda and nifh genes in sinorhizobium and mesorhizobium isolates from leguminous trees growing in africa and latin america. | the diversity and phylogeny of noda and nifh genes were studied by using 52 rhizobial isolates from acacia senegal, prosopis chilensis, and related leguminous trees growing in africa and latin america. all of the strains had similar host ranges and belonged to the genera sinorhizobium and mesorhizobium, as previously determined by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the restriction patterns and a sequence analysis of the noda and nifh genes divided the strains into the following three distinct grou ... | 1998 | 9464375 |
| azorhizobium caulinodans nitrogen fixation (nif/fix) gene regulation: mutagenesis of the nifa -24/-12 promoter element, characterization of a ntra(rpon) gene, and derivation of a model. | using site-directed mutagenesis, mutations were introduced in the -24/-12 promoter element of the azorhizobium caulinodans nifa gene, and chimeric nifa-lacz reporter gene fusions were constructed. single base-pair mutations in the conserved -25 or -13 g residues were found to reduce or abolish nifa promoter activity, respectively, demonstrating that the -24/-12 promoter element is important for nifa gene expression and suggesting the involvement of a sigma 54 (ntra/rpon)-type transcription facto ... | 1993 | 8471796 |
| three unusual modifications, a d-arabinosyl, an n-methyl, and a carbamoyl group, are present on the nod factors of azorhizobium caulinodans strain ors571. | azorhizobium caulinodans strain ors571 is a symbiont of the tropical legume sesbania rostrata. upon nod gene induction with naringenin, strain ors571 secretes into the culture medium nod factors that morphologically change the host plant--in particular, deformed root hairs (hai/had) and meristematic foci are formed at the basis of lateral roots. the latter infrequently develop further into nodule-like structures. the azorhizobial nod factors are chitin tetramers or pentamers, n-acylated at the n ... | 1993 | 8434016 |
| isolation, characterization, and transfer of cryptic gene-mobilizing plasmids in the wheat rhizosphere. | a set of self-transmissible plasmids with incq plasmid-mobilizing capacity was isolated by triparental exogenous isolation from the wheat rhizosphere with an escherichia coli incq plasmid host and a ralstonia eutropha recipient. three plasmids of 38 to 45 kb, denoted pipo1, pipo2, and pipo3, were selected for further study. no selectable traits (antibiotic or heavy-metal resistance) were identified in these plasmids. the plasmids were characterized by replicon typing via pcr and hybridization wi ... | 1998 | 9501428 |
| bacterial community dynamics during start-up of a trickle-bed bioreactor degrading aromatic compounds. | this study was performed with a laboratory-scale fixed-bed bioreactor degrading a mixture of aromatic compounds (solvesso100). the starter culture for the bioreactor was prepared in a fermentor with a wastewater sample of a care painting facility as the inoculum and solvesso100 as the sole carbon source. the bacterial community dynamics in the fermentor and the bioreactor were examined by a conventional isolation procedure and in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled rrna-targeted oligon ... | 1998 | 9501433 |
| the lysr-type transcriptional regulator cbbr controlling autotrophic co2 fixation by xanthobacter flavus is an nadph sensor. | autotrophic growth of xanthobacter flavus is dependent on the fixation of carbon dioxide via the calvin cycle and on the oxidation of simple organic and inorganic compounds to provide the cell with energy. maximal induction of the cbb and gap-pgk operons encoding enzymes of the calvin cycle occurs in the absence of multicarbon substrates and the presence of methanol, formate, hydrogen, or thiosulfate. the lysr-type transcriptional regulator cbbr regulates the expression of the cbb and gap-pgk op ... | 1998 | 9515907 |
| characterization of the bvgr locus of bordetella pertussis. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, produces a wide array of factors that are associated with its ability to cause disease. the expression and regulation of these virulence factors is dependent upon the bvg locus (originally designated the vir locus), which encodes two proteins: bvga, a 23-kda cytoplasmic protein, and bvgs, a 135-kda transmembrane protein. it is proposed that bvgs responds to environmental signals and interacts with bvga, a transcriptional regulator whic ... | 1998 | 9537363 |
| characterization of rhizobium leguminosarum exopolysaccharide glycanases that are secreted via a type i exporter and have a novel heptapeptide repeat motif. | the prsde genes encode a type i protein secretion system required for the secretion of the nodulation protein nodo and at least three other proteins from rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. at least one of these proteins was predicted to be a glycanase involved in processing of bacterial exopolysaccharide (eps). two strongly homologous genes (plya and plyb) were identified as encoding secreted proteins with polysaccharide degradation activity. both plya and plyb degrade eps and carboxymethyl cel ... | 1998 | 9537364 |
| the rhizobium etli rpon locus: dna sequence analysis and phenotypical characterization of rpon, ptsn, and ptsa mutants. | the rpon region of rhizobium etli was isolated by using the bradyrhizobium japonicum rpon1 gene as a probe. nucleotide sequence analysis of a 5,600-bp dna fragment of this region revealed the presence of four complete open reading frames (orfs), orf258, rpon, orf191, and ptsn, coding for proteins of 258, 520, 191, and 154 amino acids, respectively. the gene product of orf258 is homologous to members of the atp-binding cassette-type permeases. orf191 and ptsn are homologous to conserved orfs foun ... | 1998 | 9537369 |
| periplasmic nitrate-reducing system of the phototrophic bacterium rhodobacter sphaeroides dsm 158: transcriptional and mutational analysis of the napkefdabc gene cluster. | the phototrophic bacterium rhodobacter sphaeroides dsm 158 is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite by means of a periplasmic nitrate reductase which is induced by nitrate and is not repressed by ammonium or oxygen. recently, a 6.8 kb psti dna fragment carrying the napabc genes coding for this periplasmic nitrate-reducing system was cloned [reyes, roldán, klipp, castillo and moreno-vivián (1996) mol. microbiol. 19, 1307-1318]. further sequence and genetic analyses of the dna region upstream from the ... | 1998 | 9560320 |
| the rhizobium etli fixl protein differs in structure from other known fixl proteins. | the central heme-binding domain in the fixl proteins of sinorhizobium meliloti, bradyrhizobium japonicum, rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae and azorhizobium caulinodans, is highly conserved. the similarity with the corresponding domain in the rhizobium etli fixl protein is considerably less. this observation prompted us to analyze the heme-binding capacities of the r. etli fixl protein. the r. etli fixl gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli. in the presence of s. meliloti fixj, the over ... | 1998 | 9563844 |
| expression of rhizobium meliloti symbiotic promoters in azorhizobium caulinodans. | plasmids containing rhizobium meliloti symbiotic promoters p1 (promoter of nifhdk) and p2 (promoter of fixabcx) when mobilized into the cells of azorhizobium caulinodans strain irbg 46 showed strong expression of these promoters under free-living microaerobic as well as symbiotic conditions. under free-living conditions microaerobiosis (3% or less o2) was found to be sufficient to activate these promoters; expression being higher at 1% than at 3% o2 concentration. under symbiotic conditions the ... | 1997 | 9567770 |
| characterization of the ntrbc genes of azospirillum brasilense sp7: their involvement in the regulation of nitrogenase synthesis and activity. | a 7.1 kb ecori fragment from azospirillum brasilense, that hybridized with a probe carrying the ntrbc genes from bradyrhizobium japonicum, was cloned. the nucleotide sequence of a 3.8 kb subfragment was established. this led to the identification of two open reading frames, encoding polypeptides of 401 and 481 amino acids, that were similar to ntrb and ntrc, respectively. a broad host range plasmid containing the putative azospirillum ntrc gene was shown to restore nitrogen fixation under free-l ... | 1993 | 8355653 |
| azorhizobium caulinodans respires with at least four terminal oxidases. | in culture, azorhizobium caulinodans used at least four terminal oxidases, cytochrome aa3 (cytaa3), cytd, cyto, and a second a-type cytochrome, which together mediated general, respiratory electron (e-) transport to o2. to genetically dissect physiological roles for these various terminal oxidases, corresponding azorhizobium apocytochrome genes were cloned, and three cytaa3 mutants, a cytd mutant, and a cytaa3, cytd double mutant were constructed by reverse genetics. these cytochrome oxidase mut ... | 1994 | 8300541 |
| the control of azorhizobium caulinodans nifa expression by oxygen, ammonia and by the hf-i-like protein, nrfa. | the control of azorhizobium caulinodans nifa expression in response to oxygen and ammonia involves fixlj, fixk, ntrbc, ntrxy and the hf-i-like protein nrfa. the regulation is thus complex and possibly involves post-transcriptional regulation by nrfa. the coding region of nifa was determined using a translational lacz fusion and by site-directed mutagenesis to identify which of four in frame aug codons was used. the major nifa protein is translated from the second aug codon and is predicted to co ... | 1998 | 9632262 |
| srchi13, a novel early nodulin from sesbania rostrata, is related to acidic class iii chitinases. | on the tropical legume sesbania rostrata, stem-borne nodules develop after inoculation of adventitious root primordia with the microsymbiont azorhizobium caulinodans. a cdna clone, srchi13, with homology to acidic class iii chitinase genes, corresponds to an early nodulin gene with transiently induced expression during nodule ontogeny. srchi13 transcripts accumulated strongly 2 days after inoculation, decreased from day 7 onward, and disappeared in mature nodules. induction was dependent on nod ... | 1998 | 9634579 |
| differential regulation of rhizobium etli rpon2 gene expression during symbiosis and free-living growth. | the rhizobium etli rpon1 gene, encoding the alternative sigma factor sigma54 (rpon), was recently characterized and shown to be involved in the assimilation of several nitrogen and carbon sources during free-living aerobic growth (j. michiels, t. van soom, i. d'hooghe, b. dombrecht, t. benhassine, p. de wilde, and j. vanderleyden, j. bacteriol. 180:1729-1740, 1998). we identified a second rpon gene copy in r. etli, rpon2, encoding a 54.0-kda protein which displays 59% amino acid identity with th ... | 1998 | 9658006 |
| interaction of a rhizobial dna-binding protein with the promoter region of a plant leghemoglobin gene. | a nucleotide sequence was identified approximately 650 bp upstream of the sesbania rostrata leghemoglobin gene srglb3 start codon, which interacts specifically with a proteinaceous dna-binding factor found in nodule extracts but not in extracts from leaves or roots. the binding site for this factor was delimited using footprinting techniques. the dna-binding activity of this factor was found to be heat stable, dependent on divalent cations, and derived from the (infecting) azorhizobium caulinoda ... | 1993 | 8278541 |
| cis-acting sequences required for ntcb-dependent, nitrite-responsive positive regulation of the nitrate assimilation operon in the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942. | there are three binding sites for ntca (niri, nirii, and niriii), the global nitrogen regulator of cyanobacteria, in the dna region between the two divergently transcribed operons (nira and nirb operons) involved in nitrate assimilation in synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942. using the luxab reporter system, we showed that niri and niriii, which are located 23 bp upstream from the -10 promoter element of nira and nirb, respectively, are required for induction by nitrogen depletion of the nira and ... | 1998 | 9696753 |
| in situ determination of the reduction levels of cytochromes b and c in growing bacteria: a case study with n2-fixing azorhizobium caulinodans. | the determination of the in situ reduction levels of cytochromes b and c in growing bacteria is achieved by coupling a chemostat with a dual wavelength spectrophotometer. visible light absorption spectra of cytochromes present in bacterial cells actively growing in a chemostat at a specific growth rate of 0.1 h-1 are recorded. this is accomplished by transporting the emitted light from the spectrophotometer via glass fibers to one side of the chemostat vessel and detecting the transmitted light ... | 1993 | 8250218 |
| two functionally distinct regions upstream of the cbbi operon of rhodobacter sphaeroides regulate gene expression. | a number of cbbfi::lacz translational fusion plasmids containing various lengths of sequence 5' to the form i (cbbi) calvin-benson-bassham cycle operon (cbbficbbpicbbaicbblicbbsi) of rhodobacter sphaeroides were constructed. expression of beta-galactosidase was monitored under a variety of growth conditions. it was found that 103 bp of sequence upstream of the cbbfi transcription start was sufficient to confer low levels of regulated cbbi promoter expression; this activity was dependent on the p ... | 1998 | 9733694 |
| proposal for rejection of agrobacterium tumefaciens and revised descriptions for the genus agrobacterium and for agrobacterium radiobacter and agrobacterium rhizogenes. | the 16s rrna sequences of seven representative agrobacterium strains, eight representative rhizobium strains, and the type strains of azorhizobium caulinodans and bradyrhizobium japonicum were determined. these strains included the type strains of agrobacterium tumefaciens, agrobacterium rhizogenes, agrobacterium radiobacter, agrobacterium vitis, agrobacterium rubi, rhizobium fredii, rhizobium galegae, rhizobium huakuii, rhizobium leguminosarum, rhizobium loti, rhizobium meliloti, and rhizobium ... | 1993 | 8240952 |
| bradyrhizobium japonicum fixk2, a crucial distributor in the fixlj-dependent regulatory cascade for control of genes inducible by low oxygen levels. | bradyrhizobium japonicum possesses a second fixk-like gene, fixk2, in addition to the previously identified fixk1 gene. the expression of both genes depends in a hierarchical fashion on the low-oxygen-responsive two-component regulatory system fixlj, whereby fixj first activates fixk2, whose product then activates fixk1. while the target genes for control by fixk1 are unknown, there is evidence for activation of the fixnoqp, fixghis, and rpon1 genes and some heme biosynthesis and nitrate respira ... | 1998 | 9748464 |
| c-type cytochromes and manganese oxidation in pseudomonas putida mnb1. | pseudomonas putida mnb1 is an isolate from an mn oxide-encrusted pipeline that can oxidize mn(ii) to mn oxides. we used transposon mutagenesis to construct mutants of strain mnb1 that are unable to oxidize manganese, and we characterized some of these mutants. the mutants were divided into three groups: mutants defective in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes, mutants defective in genes that encode key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and mutants defective in the biosynthesis of tryptop ... | 1998 | 9758766 |
| molecular diversity of rhizobia occurring on native shrubby legumes in southeastern australia | the structure of rhizobial communities nodulating native shrubby legumes in open eucalypt forest of southeastern australia was investigated by a molecular approach. twenty-one genomic species were characterized by small-subunit ribosomal dna pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism and phylogenetic analyses, among 745 rhizobial strains isolated from nodules sampled on 32 different legume host species at 12 sites. among these rhizobial genomic species, 16 belonged to the bradyrhizobium subgro ... | 1998 | 9758831 |
| novel selection for isoniazid (inh) resistance genes supports a role for nad+-binding proteins in mycobacterial inh resistance. | the genetic basis of isoniazid (inh) resistance remains unknown for a significant proportion of clinical isolates. to identify genes which might confer resistance by detoxifying or sequestering inh, we transformed the escherichia coli oxyr mutant, which is relatively sensitive to inh, with a mycobacterium tuberculosis plasmid library and selected for inh-resistant clones. three genes were identified and called ceo for their ability to complement the escherichia coli oxyr mutant. ceoa was the pre ... | 1998 | 9784509 |
| a cytochrome cbb3 (cytochrome c) terminal oxidase in azospirillum brasilense sp7 supports microaerobic growth. | spectral analysis indicated the presence of a cytochrome cbb3 oxidase under microaerobic conditions in azospirillum brasilense sp7 cells. the corresponding genes (cytnoqp) were isolated by using pcr. these genes are organized in an operon, preceded by a putative anaerobox. the phenotype of an a. brasilense cytn mutant was analyzed. under aerobic conditions, the specific growth rate during exponential phase (mu(e)) of the a. brasilense cytn mutant was comparable to the wild-type specific growth r ... | 1998 | 9791120 |
| identification of nodulation genes (nod locus 5) from azorhizobium caulinodans ors571. | an 800 bp acci-pucii dna containing promoter region of nodabc (p1) from a. caulinodans ors571 was cloned and used as a hybridization probe against the chromosome dna, which led to the identification of another 8.4-kb ecori fragment showing homology to p1. a corresponding clone of 8.4-kb dna was isolated from a plafi gene bank (prg90). the restriction enzyme analysis and dna-dna hybridization of 8.4-kb dna indicated the p1 homology was located in the 450-bp smai-sphi region (p2 region). omega ins ... | 1993 | 8136031 |
| characterization of mutations that allow p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization by escherichia coli. | an escherichia coli strain deficient in p-aminobenzoate synthesis was mutagenized, and derivatives were selected for growth on folic acid. supplementation was shown to be due to p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate present as a breakdown product in commercial folic acid preparations. two classes of mutations characterized by the minimum concentration of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate that could support growth were obtained. both classes of mutations were genetically and physically mapped to about 30 min on the e. ... | 1998 | 9829935 |
| genetic diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia that nodulate acacia spp. in morocco assessed by analysis of rrna genes | forty rhizobia nodulating four acacia species (a. gummifera, a. raddiana, a. cyanophylla, and a. horrida) were isolated from different sites in morocco. these rhizobia were compared by analyzing both the 16s rrna gene (rdna) and the 16s-23s rrna spacer by pcr with restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. analysis of the length of 16s-23s spacer showed a considerable diversity within these microsymbionts, but rflp analysis of the amplified spacer revealed no additional heterogene ... | 1998 | 9835582 |
| molecular genetics of the genus paracoccus: metabolically versatile bacteria with bioenergetic flexibility. | paracoccus denitrificans and its near relative paracoccus versutus (formerly known as thiobacilllus versutus) have been attracting increasing attention because the aerobic respiratory system of p. denitrificans has long been regarded as a model for that of the mitochondrion, with which there are many components (e.g., cytochrome aa3 oxidase) in common. members of the genus exhibit a great range of metabolic flexibility, particularly with respect to processes involving respiration. prominent exam ... | 1998 | 9841665 |
| carbamoylation of azorhizobial nod factors is mediated by nodu. | lipochitooligosaccharides (lcos) synthesized by azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 are substituted at the nonreducing-terminal residue with a 6-o-carbamoyl group. lco biosynthesis in a. caulinodans is dependent on the nodabcsuijznoec operon. until now, the role of the nodulation protein nodu in the synthesis of azorhizobial lcos remained unclear. based on sequence similarities and structural analysis of lcos produced by a nodu mutant, a complemented nodu mutant, and escherichia coli dh5 alpha expre ... | 1999 | 9885196 |
| nicotinate catabolism is dispensable and nicotinate anabolism is crucial in azorhizobium caulinodans growing in batch culture and chemostat culture on n2 as the n source. | when azorhizobium caulinodans was grown in chemostat cultures with n2 as the n source at a constant dilution rate of 0.1 h-1 in media with a constant concentration (50 mm) of succinate and variable concentrations (1.5 to 585 microm) of nicotinate, neither the growth yield on succinate, the specific rate of o2 consumption, nor the specific rate of co2 production showed linear regression with the concentration of nicotinate. moreover, for transient continuous cultures in which the nicotinate conce ... | 1995 | 7798152 |
| accumulation of ppgpp in symbiotic and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria following amino acid starvation | following amino acid or ammonium starvation, ppgpp is accumulated by rhizobium meliloti strain 1021 but not by r. meliloti strain 41 or rhizobium tropici. azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 produced ppgpp following amino acid deprivation; however, the free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria azotobacter vinelandii and azomonas agilis did not produce ppgpp. western blot analysis using anti-rela antibody demonstrated that r. meliloti strain 1021, azotobacter vinelandii and azorhizobium caulinodans cross- ... | 1999 | 9914311 |
| the signal transduction protein glnk is required for nifl-dependent nitrogen control of nif gene expression in klebsiella pneumoniae. | in klebsiella pneumoniae, transcription of the nitrogen fixation (nif) genes is regulated in response to molecular oxygen or availability of fixed nitrogen by the coordinated activities of the nifa and nifl gene products. nifa is a nif-specific transcriptional activator, the activity of which is inhibited by interaction with nifl. nitrogen control of nifl occurs at two levels: transcription of the nifla operon is regulated by the global ntr system, and the inhibitory activity of nifl is controll ... | 1999 | 9973341 |
| identification and cloning of an erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora bacteriocin regulator gene by insertional mutagenesis. | avirulent erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora cge234-m403 produces two types of bacteriocin. for the purpose of cloning the bacteriocin genes of strain cge234m403, a spontaneous rifampin-resistant mutant of this strain, m-rif-11-2, was isolated. by tn5 insertional mutagenesis using m-rif-11-2, a mutant, tm01a01, which produces the high-molecular-weight bacteriocin but not the low-molecular-weight bacteriocin was obtained. by thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr, the dna sequence from the tn5 inser ... | 1999 | 10074096 |
| the nodd locus from azorhizobium caulinodans is flanked by two repetitive elements. | the sequence surrounding the azorhizobium caulinodans (ac) regulatory nodd gene was analyzed. upstream from nodd and in the opposite orientation, two small open reading frames were identified (orf1 and orf2). the dna sequence corresponding to orf1, termed epsilon 1, is similar to a part of the insertion element is51 from pseudomonas savastanoi. immediately downstream from nodd, a repeated element, delta 1, has been described [goethals et al., mol. plant-microbe interact. 5 (1992) 405-411]. the e ... | 1995 | 7590297 |
| characterization of mdcr, a regulatory gene of the malonate catabolic system in klebsiella pneumoniae. | the klebsiella pneumoniae mdcr gene, which encodes a lysr-type regulator, was overexpressed in escherichia coli. purified mdcr was found to bind specifically to the control region of either the malonate decarboxylase (mdc) genes or mdcr. we have also demonstrated that mdcr is an activator of the expression of the mdc genes, whereas it represses the transcription of the putative control region of mdcr, pmdcr, indicating a negative autoregulatory control. | 1999 | 10094715 |
| azorhizobium caulinodans pii and glnk proteins control nitrogen fixation and ammonia assimilation. | we herein report that azorhizobium caulinodans pii and glnk are not necessary for glutamine synthetase (gs) adenylylation whereas both proteins are required for complete gs deadenylylation. the disruption of both glnb and glnk resulted in a high level of gs adenylylation under the condition of nitrogen fixation, leading to ammonium excretion in the free-living state. pii and glnk also controlled nif gene expression because nifa activated nifh transcription and nitrogenase activity was derepresse ... | 1999 | 10198037 |
| an azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 locus involved in lipopolysaccharide production and nodule formation on sesbania rostrata stems and roots. | azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 is able to nodulate roots and stems of the tropical legume sesbania rostrata. an ors571 tn5 insertion mutant, strain ors571-x15, had a rough colony morphology, was nonmotile, and showed clumping behavior on various media. when this pleiotropic mutant was inoculated on roots or stems of the host, no nodules developed (nod-). compared with the wild type, strain ors571-x15 produced lipopolysaccharides (lps) with an altered ladder pattern on sodium dodecyl sulfate-pol ... | 1994 | 7506708 |
| the global nitrogen regulator ntca regulates transcription of the signal transducer pii (glnb) and influences its phosphorylation level in response to nitrogen and carbon supplies in the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942. | the pii protein is encoded by a unique glnb gene in synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942. its expression has been analyzed in the wild type and in ntca-null mutant cells grown under different conditions of nitrogen and carbon supply. rna-dna hybridization experiments revealed the presence of one transcript species 680 nucleotides long, whatever the nutrient conditions tested. a second transcript species, 620 nucleotides long, absent in the ntca null mutant, was observed in wild-type cells that were ... | 1999 | 10217756 |
| the azorhizobium caulinodans nifa gene: identification of upstream-activating sequences including a new element, the 'anaerobox'. | from nucleotide sequencing analyses, the a. caulinodans nifa gene seems to be under dual control by the ntr (in response to available n) and fnr (in response to available o2) transcriptional activation/repression systems. because it fixes n2 in two contexts, the ntr system might regulate a. caulinodans nif gene expression ex planta, while the fnr system might similarly regulate in planta. as nifa upstream-activating elements, we have identified: (i) a gpnifa binding site allowing autogenous nifa ... | 1988 | 3186446 |
| occurrence of choline and glycine betaine uptake and metabolism in the family rhizobiaceae and their roles in osmoprotection | the role of glycine betaine and choline in osmoprotection of various rhizobium, sinorhizobium, mesorhizobium, agrobacterium, and bradyrhizobium reference strains which display a large variation in salt tolerance was investigated. when externally provided, both compounds enhanced the growth of rhizobium tropici, sinorhizobium meliloti, sinorhizobium fredii, rhizobium galegae, agrobacterium tumefaciens, mesorhizobium loti, and mesorhizobium huakuii, demonstrating their utilization as osmoprotectan ... | 1999 | 10224003 |
| identification of cyclic intermediates in azorhizobium caulinodans nicotinate catabolism. | in wild-type azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, nicotinate served both as anabolic substrate for nad+ production and as catabolic substrate for use as the n source. catabolic enzyme activities were greatest from cultures grown with nicotinate as the n source and least when cultures were grown with ammonium as the n source. vector insertion mutants unable to catabolize nicotinate (nic::vi mutants) still required micromolar quantities of this compound for growth. therefore, a. caulinodans wild type ... | 1989 | 2722754 |
| increase in alfalfa nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and plant growth by specific dna amplification in sinorhizobium meliloti. | to improve symbiotic nitrogen fixation on alfalfa plants, sinorhizobium meliloti strains containing different average copy numbers of a symbiotic dna region were constructed by specific dna amplification (sda). a dna fragment containing a regulatory gene (nodd1), the common nodulation genes (nodabc), and an operon essential for nitrogen fixation (nifn) from the nod regulon region of the symbiotic plasmid psyma of s. meliloti was cloned into a plasmid unable to replicate in this organism. the pla ... | 1999 | 10347066 |
| cloning of azorhizobium caulinodans nicotinate catabolism genes and characterization of their importance in n2 fixation. | twenty azorhizobium caulinodans vector insertion (vi) mutants unable to catabolize nicotinate (nic- phenotype) were identified and directly cloned as pvi plasmids. these pvi plasmids were used as dna hybridization probes to isolate homologous wild-type sequences. from subsequent physical mapping experiments, the nic::vi mutants defined four distinct loci. two, possibly three, of these loci are physically linked. a. caulinodans nic loci ii and iii encode the structural genes for nicotinate catabo ... | 1991 | 2002004 |
| analysis of a capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus of bacteroides fragilis. | a major clinical manifestation of infection with bacteroides fragilis is the formation of intra-abdominal abscesses, which are induced by the capsular polysaccharides of this organism. transposon mutagenesis was used to locate genes involved in the synthesis of capsular polysaccharides. a 24,454-bp region was sequenced and found to contain a 15,379-bp locus (designated wcf) with 16 open reading frames (orfs) encoding products similar to those encoded by genes of other bacterial polysaccharide bi ... | 1999 | 10377135 |
| identification and sequencing of beta-myrcene catabolism genes from pseudomonas sp. strain m1. | the m1 strain, able to grow on beta-myrcene as the sole carbon and energy source, was isolated by an enrichment culture and identified as a pseudomonas sp. one beta-myrcene-negative mutant, called n22, obtained by transposon mutagenesis, accumulated (e)-2-methyl-6-methylen-2,7-octadien-1-ol (or myrcen-8-ol) as a unique beta-myrcene biotransformation product. this compound was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. we cloned and sequenced the dna regions flanking the transposon and u ... | 1999 | 10388678 |
| conserved motifs in a divergent nod box of azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 reveal a common structure in promoters regulated by lysr-type proteins. | nodulation of leguminous plants by rhizobium, bradyrhizobium, and azorhizobium spp. is dependent on the induction by the plant host of different bacterial nodulation (nod) loci. the transcription of these nod loci is activated in the presence of plant-produced flavonoids upon binding of the nodd protein--a lysr-type activator--to specific sequences present in the nod promoters. originally, a 47-base-pair (bp) region called the nod box was shown to be the target sequence for binding of nodd. from ... | 1992 | 1542656 |
| photosynthetic bradyrhizobia from aeschynomene spp. are specific to stem-nodulated species and form a separate 16s ribosomal dna restriction fragment length polymorphism group. | we obtained nine bacterial isolates from root or collar nodules of the non-stem-nodulated aeschynomene species a. elaphroxylon, a. uniflora, or a. schimperi and 69 root or stem nodule isolates from the stem-nodulated aeschynomene species a. afraspera, a. ciliata, a. indica, a. nilotica, a. sensitiva, and a. tambacoundensis from various places in senegal. these isolates, together with 45 previous isolates from various aeschynomene species, were studied for host-specific nodulation within the genu ... | 1999 | 10388707 |
| production of o-acetylated and sulfated chitooligosaccharides by recombinant escherichia coli strains harboring different combinations of nod genes. | high cell density cultivation of recombinant escherichia coli strains harboring the nodbc genes (encoding chitooligosaccharide synthase and chitooligosaccharide n-deacetylase, respectively) from azorhizobium caulinodans has been previously described as a practical method for the preparation of gram-scale quantities of penta-n-acetyl-chitopentaose and tetra-n-acetylchitopentaose (samain, e., drouillard, s., heyraud, a., driguez, h., geremia, r.a., 1997. carbohydr. res. 30, 235-242). we have now e ... | 1999 | 10406097 |