| culicoides: biological vectors of akabane virus. | akabane virus replicated in culicoides nubeculosus and culicoides variipennis after intrathoracic inoculation and was maintained in both species of midge for at least 9 days post-infection. the virus also replicated to high concentration in c. variipennis after oral infection and was transmitted through a membrane by this species of midge 7-10 days after infection. the experiments described in this paper provided the first definitive evidence that culicoides spp. are able to act as fully compete ... | 1989 | 2609498 |