| a two-year study of the distribution of 'thermophilic' campylobacters in human, environmental and food samples from the reading area with particular reference to toxin production and heat-stable serotype. | the incidence of 'thermophilic' campylobacters in foods and environmental samples has been studied over a two-year period. of 781 environmental samples, 529 (67%) were found to contain campylobacters, and campylobacters were isolated from 835 (39%) of 2116 food samples. sewage was almost always contaminated with campylobacters (96.6% of samples) and of the food samples both poultry (55.5%) and offal (47.0%) were commonly contaminated. determination of the heat-stable serotypes of all strains iso ... | 1989 | 2753842 |
| dna adduct formation in mammalian cell cultures by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) and nitro-pah in coke oven emission extract. | mammalian cells in culture were used to study the genotoxic potential of coke oven emissions constituting a complex mixture of chemicals. for this purpose, particle extracts and some polycyclic aromatic and nitroaromatic hydrocarbons (pah and nitro-pah) occurring in these mixtures were assayed for dna adduct formation using the -postlabeling technique. in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p), benz[a]anthracene (b[a]a) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (b[k]f) caused dna adduct leve ... | 1998 | 9804906 |
| cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of energetic compounds on bacterial and mammalian cells in vitro. | the mutagenicity and toxicity of energetic compounds such as 2,4, 6-trinitrotoluene (tnt), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (tnb), hexahydro-1,3, 5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3, 5,7-tetrazocine (hmx), and of amino/nitro derivatives of toluene were investigated in vitro. mutagenicity was evaluated with the salmonella fluctuation test (ft) and the v79 chinese hamster lung cell mutagenicity assay. cytotoxicity was evaluated using v79 and tk6 human lymphoblastic cells. for ... | 1999 | 10477337 |
| on the species-specific biotransformation of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. | we were aimed at investigating the activation of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (db[a,l]p) in chinese hamster v79 cells that express single human, rat or fish cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzymes. db[a,l]p is detectable in environmental samples and has been characterized as the most potent carcinogenic species among all pahs as yet tested in rodent bioassays. metabolite profiles and metabolite-dependent cytotoxic and clastogenic activities were monitored. the ... | 2006 | 16581046 |
| metabolic activation of phenanthrene by human and mouse cytochromes p450 and pharmacokinetics in cyp1a2 knockout mice. | in the present study v79 chinese hamster cells were genetically engineered for stable expression of the cytochromes p450 1a1, 1a2, 1b1, and 2e1 from man and mouse to investigate species-specific differences in the regioselective metabolism and toxicity of phenanthrene (phe), the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) forming a bay-region. phe is present in various environmental samples and serves as a model substrate for pah exposure in human biomonitoring studies. for this reason we exp ... | 2010 | 19766613 |
| establishment and validation of primary hepatocytes of the african sharptooth catfish (clarias gariepinus). | in vitro systems such as primary cells and continuous cell lines are gaining momentum in ecotoxicological studies. cytotoxicity tests with fish cells as well as tests using specific endpoints such as cyp1a induction are valuable in the toxicity assessment of environmental samples. the main objective of this study was to establish and validate the use of primary hepatocytes from the african sharptooth catfish (clarias gariepinus) as an in vitro toxicity monitoring system. the successful isolation ... | 2007 | 17270237 |
| the comet assay: assessment of in vitro and in vivo dna damage. | anthropogenic activities, indiscriminate and rapid industrialization as well as pursuance of a better life has led to an increase in the concentration of chemicals, like pesticides, automobile exhausts, and new chemical entities, in the environment, which have an adverse effect on all living organisms including humans. sensitive and robust test systems are thus required for accurate hazard identification and risk assessment. the comet assay has been used widely as a simple, rapid, and sensitive ... | 2019 | 31473963 |