| transovarial transmission of japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes. | female aedes albopictus and aedes togoi mosquitoes infected with japanese encephalitis virus either by intrathoracic inoculation or by ingestion of a virus-sucrose-erythrocyte mixture transmitted the virus to a small percentage of their f1 progeny. adult f1 female aedes albopictus thus infected transmitted the virus in turn to newly hatched chickens by feeding on them. | 1978 | 203035 |
| isolation of spotted fever group and wolbachia-like agents from field-collected materials by means of plaque formation in mammalian and mosquito cells. | three isolations from ticks (dermacentor occidentalis) of a rickettsia of the spotted fever group and 5 isolations from chipmunk (eutamias rugicaudus) blood of a wolbachia-like agent were obtained from plaques formed in singh's aedes albopictus (mosquito) and vero (african green monkey kidney) cell cultures. these organisms could not be isolated by injection of the infected ticks or blood into embryonated chicken eggs, guinea pigs, or voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), but fluid cultures of grace' ... | 1975 | 241251 |
| generation of defective interfering particles of semliki forest virus in a clone of aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells. | serial undiluted passage of semliki forest virus in a clone of aedes albopictus cells resulted in a marked decrease in infectious virus yields due to the generation and accumulation of defective interfering particles. virus from the third passage had a high particle/infectivity ratio and interfered specifically with homologous but not heterologous standard virus replication. two rna species of molecular weights 0.78 x 10(6) and 0.61 x 10(6) were the major rna components of purified passage 4 vir ... | 1979 | 480458 |
| failure of defective interfering particles of sindbis virus produced in bhk or chicken cells to affect viral replication in aedes albopictus cells. | whereas defective interfering particles of sindbis virus are readily produced in bhk-21 cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts by the techniques of serial undiluted passage, similar methods failed to generate such particles in aedes albopictus cell cultures. in addition, sindbis virus stocks produced in bhk-21 cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts and which contained defective interfering particles, when tested in a. albopictus cells, failed (i) to interfere with the replication of standard sindbis v ... | 1976 | 986481 |
| characteristics of sindbis virus temperature-sensitive mutants in cultured bhk-21 and aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells. | a number of the temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus originally isolated and characterized by burge and pfefferkorn (1966, 1968) were reexamined for their abilities to grow and complement one another in cultured bhk-21 and aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells. the response of the mutants to conditions of high and low temperature was similar in cultured cells of both the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. complementation experiments in bhk-21 cells produced growth patterns similar to those ... | 1976 | 987251 |
| arboviruses recovered from sentinel cattle using several virus isolation methods. | a group of 20 sentinel steers was bled weekly for 5 months in 1986 and the blood samples were examined for arboviruses by inoculation firstly into embryonated chicken eggs (ece), baby mice, aedes albopictus cells and bhk21 monolayers. a second group of cattle was similarly examined for virus in 1987, except that baby mice were not used. viruses were recovered from 26% of the 878 weekly bleeds. the viruses identified consisted of 14 types belonging to the bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic diseas ... | 1988 | 3218074 |
| one-step separation of the components of semliki forest virus by cation exchange chromatography. | although several procedures for isolating viral proteins have been described, the simultaneous separation of all the viral macromolecules in a single step has not yet been reported. we now describe tua (triton x-100, urea, acetic acid, ph 4.2)-sp (sulphopropyl)-trisacryl cation exchange chromatography, which proved to be ideal for this purpose. optimal conditions for chromatography were established by screening on tua-page (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) using a horizontal linear 0-8.5 m ur ... | 1985 | 4077952 |
| protein kinase and phosphoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus. | protein kinases of similar but not identical activity were found associated with vesicular stomatitis (vs) virions grown in mouse l cells, primary chicken embryo (ce) cells, and bhk-21 cells, as well as being present in vs virions grown in hela and aedes albopictus cells. the virion kinase preferentially phosphorylated the nucleocapsid ns protein in vitro and to a lesser extent the envelope m protein. other virion proteins were phosphorylated in vitro only after drastic detergent treatment. part ... | 1974 | 4359419 |
| west nile virus in pakistan. iii. comparative vector capability of culex tritaeniorhynchus and eight other species of mosquitoes. | eight species of mosquitoes from pakistan were compared with culex tritaeniorhynchus as experimental vectors of west nile (wn) virus. when fed by the membrane or cotton-pledget methods on a dose of wn virus 100% infective for cx tritaeniorhynchus, 95% and 73% of the females of cx fuscocephala and cx pseudovishnui became infected, respectively. cx quinquefasciatus, cx univittatus, aedes albopictus, ae. caspius, ae. indicus and ae. lineatopennis were all significantly less susceptible than cx trit ... | 1982 | 6134362 |
| comparative studies on the growth of australian bluetongue virus serotypes in continuous cell lines and embryonated chicken eggs. | the replication of cell culture passaged australian bluetongue virus (btv) isolates, serotypes 20 (csiro19) and 1 (csiro156), and an untyped btv (csiro154) was assessed in eight continuous cell lines (one derived from baby hamster kidney cells, bhk-21; three derived from monkey kidney cells, vero, llc-mk2 and cv-1p; a foetal ovine lung and a mouse fibroblast cell line, csl503 and l929, respectively, a super-vero-porcine stable cell line, svp; and a mosquito cell line, aedes albopictus cells) and ... | 1982 | 6298990 |
| effect of salt concentration in larval rearing water on susceptibility of aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to eastern equine and venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. | the effect of salt concentration in larval rearing water on the susceptibility of adult aedes taeniorhynchus (wiedemann) and aedes sollicitans (skuse) to infection with eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus was tested in the laboratory. ae. sollicitans was more susceptible to infection (79%, n = 82) and viral dissemination (16%) with eee virus than was ae. taeniorhynchus (42%, n = 184) and (5%), respectively, when fed on a chick with a viremia of 10(7) +/- 0.1 plaque-forming units/ml; how ... | 1998 | 9775590 |
| rapid screening of embryonated chicken eggs for bluetongue virus infection with an antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. | the sensitivity and specificity of an antigen capture elisa have been compared with virus isolation in cell culture. bluetongue virus (blu) (serotype 23) from the blood of a sheep was titrated by inoculating embryonated chicken eggs (eces) and detecting viral antigen in chicken embryo livers using an antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (stanislawek et al., 1996. detection by elisa of bluetongue antigen directly in the blood of experimentally infected sheep. vet. microbiol. ... | 1998 | 9820573 |
| an amino acid change in the exodomain of the e2 protein of sindbis virus, which impairs the release of virus from chicken cells but not from mosquito cells. | in order to obtain a mutant of sindbis virus (sv) with a low methionine-resistant (lmr) phenotype, i.e., able to replicate in methionine-deprived aedes albopictus mosquito cells, standard sv (sv(std)) was passaged 17 times in mosquito cells maintained in a low methionine medium and then plaque-purified, also in mosquito cells. although the virus obtained by this procedure, sv(lm17), did have the desired lmr phenotype, it also appeared to have acquired a host-range phenotype. we have now characte ... | 1999 | 10544144 |
| vector competence of north american mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) for west nile virus. | we evaluated the potential for several north american mosquito species to transmit the newly introduced west nile (wn) virus. mosquitoes collected in the new york city metropolitan area during the recent wn virus outbreak, at the assateague island wildlife refuge, va, or from established colonies were allowed to feed on chickens infected with wn virus isolated from a crow that died during the 1999 outbreak. these mosquitoes were tested approximately 2 wk later to determine infection, disseminati ... | 2001 | 11296813 |
| potential north american vectors of west nile virus. | the outbreak of disease in the new york area in 1999 due to west nile (wn) virus was the first evidence of the occurrence of this virus in the americas. to determine potential vectors, more than 15 mosquito species (including culex pipiens, cx. nigripalpus, cx. quinquefasciatus, cx. salinarius, aedes albopictus, ae. vexans, ochlerotatus japonicus, oc. sollicitans, oc. taeniorhynchus, and oc. triseriatus) from the eastern united states were evaluated for their ability to serve as vectors for the ... | 2001 | 11797788 |
| experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by ochlerotatus j. japonicus (diptera: culicidae). | we evaluated the potential for ochlerotatus j. japonicus (theobald), a newly recognized invasive mosquito species in the united states, to transmit eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus. aedes albopictus (skuse) and culex pipiens (l.) were similarly tested for comparison. ochlerotatus j. japonicus and ae. albopictus became infected and transmitted eee virus by bite after feeding on young chickens 1 d after they had been inoculated with eee virus (viremias ranging from 10(7.0-8.7) plaque-formin ... | 2002 | 12061444 |
| modification of asn374 of nsp1 suppresses a sindbis virus nsp4 minus-strand polymerase mutant. | our recent study (c. l. fata, s. g. sawicki, and d. l. sawicki, j. virol. 76:8632-8640, 2002) found minus-strand synthesis to be temperature sensitive in vertebrate and invertebrate cells when the arg183 residue of the sindbis virus nsp4 polymerase was changed to ser, ala, or lys. here we report the results of studies identifying an interacting partner of the region of the viral polymerase containing arg183 that suppresses the ser183 codon mutation. large-plaque revertants were observed readily ... | 2002 | 12163583 |
| vector competence of three north american strains of aedes albopictus for west nile virus. | to evaluate the potential for north american (na) aedes albopictus to transmit west nile virus (wn), mosquito strains derived from 3 na sources (frederick county, maryland, fred strain; cheverly, md, chev strain; chambers and liberty counties, texas, tamu strain) were tested. these strains were tested along with a previously tested strain from a hawaiian source (oahu strain). mosquitoes were fed on 2- to 3-day-old chickens previously inoculated with a new york strain (crow 397-99) of wn. all of ... | 2002 | 12542184 |
| the histone-like c-terminal extension in ribosomal protein s6 in aedes and anopheles mosquitoes is encoded within the distal portion of exon 3. | in eukaryotic cells, ribosomal protein s6 (rps6) is the major phosphorylated protein on the small ribosomal subunit. in the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the cdna encoding rps6 contains 300 additional nucleotides, relative to the drosophila homolog. the additional sequence encodes a 100-amino acid, lysine-rich c-terminal extension of the rps6 protein with 42-49% identity to histone h1 proteins from the chicken and other multicellular organisms. using mass spectrometry we now sho ... | 2003 | 12915181 |
| age-dependent bloodfeeding of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus on artificial and living hosts. | in order to quantify age-dependent acquisition of a bloodmeal, we compared bloodfeeding patterns of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus starting from the time of first responsiveness to a bloodmeal up to 15 days postemergence. in separate experiments, cohorts of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus of known age were offered their first bloodmeal from a silicon-membrane system or a restrained chicken. for cohorts ranging from 3 to 15 days old, the proportions feeding were significantly affected by speci ... | 2003 | 14710735 |
| susceptibility of ochlerotatus trivittatus (coq.), aedes albopictus (skuse), and culex pipiens (l.) to west nile virus infection. | the susceptibility of ochlerotatus trivittatus (coq.) to west nile virus (wnv) was assessed by comparing it to the susceptibility of aedes albopictus (skuse), a likely bridge vector, and culex pipiens (l.), a primary wnv amplifying species. the three species were infected with wnv (ny crow-1999) by feeding on 2-3-day-old chickens with serum virus titers ranging from 10(2.5) to 10(9.5) cell culture infective dose (cid) 50s/ml. the lowest infective titer for oc. trivittatus and cx. pipiens was 10( ... | 2004 | 15631062 |
| a comparision of west nile virus transmission by ochlerotatus trivittatus (coq.), culex pipiens (l.), and aedes albopictus (skuse). | transmission of west nile virus (wnv) by ochlerotatus trivittatus, culex pipiens, and aedes albopictus were compared 14 days after taking blood meals from viremic chickens with titers ranging from 10(2.5) to 10(9.5) cell infective dose (50)s (cid50s)/ml serum. transmission occurred in one of four (25%) oc. trivittatus and one of 25 (4%) cx. pipiens that fed on chickens with titers of 10(5.5) cid50s/ml. no transmission occurred among two of 16 (13%) oc. trivittatus or one of 25 (4%) cx. pipiens t ... | 2005 | 15815148 |
| impact of west nile virus outbreak upon st. tammany parish mosquito abatement district. | st. tammany parish, louisiana, experienced an outbreak of west nile virus (wnv) in 2002, with 40 human cases and 4 deaths, most occurring from june to august. culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was believed to be the primary vector of wnv during the outbreak, although circumstantial evidence suggests that aedes albopictus also may have been involved in transmission. dead bird reports were the 1st indication of the outbreak and were an excellent indicator of wnv activity; however, sentinel chickens w ... | 2005 | 15825759 |
| host-feeding patterns of suspected west nile virus mosquito vectors in delaware, 2001-2002. | paucity of data on host-feeding patterns and behavior of 43 mosquito species that are reported as suspected west nile virus (wn) vectors has limited full evaluation of their vectorial capacity. recent studies addressing this issue need additional confirmation and should also be expanded to include collections of species or subpopulations attracted to humans. we used 4 types of collection methods to collect mosquitoes, including omnidirectional fay-prince traps, centers for disease control-type l ... | 2005 | 16033122 |
| blood feeding patterns of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in thailand. | aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) were collected with aspirators from mae sot, nakhon sawan, nakhon ratchasima, surat thani, and phatthalung study sites in thailand from july 2003 though april 2004. the sandwich-b enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze 1,021 blood-fed specimens. ae. aegypti almost exclusively fed on humans (99%, 658/664) in single host species, and 97% (86/88) of multiple-host bloodmeals included at least one human host. a low frequency of other host ... | 2005 | 16363170 |
| host-feeding patterns of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in relation to availability of human and domestic animals in suburban landscapes of central north carolina. | aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) is a major nuisance mosquito and a potential arbovirus vector. the host-feeding patterns of ae. albopictus were investigated during the 2002 and 2003 mosquito seasons in suburban neighborhoods in wake county, raleigh, nc. hosts of blood-fed ae. albopictus (n = 1,094) were identified with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by using antisera made in new zealand white rabbits to the sera of animals that would commonly occur in peridomestic h ... | 2006 | 16739414 |
| effectiveness of several locally available membranes used for artificial feeding of aedes albopictus skuse. | artificial feeding of mosquitoes with blood meal is an important technique in the studies of mosquito feeding. owing to the difficulty in obtaining suitable artificial membranes for mosquito feeding from other sources, several easily obtainable membranes in malaysia were tested for their suitability as a replacement. skin of chicken, fish, and salted sausage were obtained and tested against cattle skin membrane as a control. the results showed that cattle skin is still the most favorable membran ... | 2005 | 16880756 |
| stable isotope analysis can potentially identify completely-digested bloodmeals in mosquitoes. | vertebrate bloodfeeding is a critical component of a mosquito's ability to transmit pathogens that cause diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and viral encephalitis. due to degradation by the digestive process, current methods to identify mosquito bloodmeal sources are only useful for approximately 36 hours post-feeding. a critical need exists for technologies to extend this window and gain a more complete picture of mosquito feeding behavior for epidemiological studies. stable isotopes are us ... | 2008 | 18493314 |
| blood-feeding behavior of aedes albopictus, a vector of chikungunya on la réunion. | chikungunya virus (chikv) has long been considered to be transmitted to humans by the human-biting mosquito aedes aegypti, especially in africa. however, the recent outbreak of chikv involved another vector, aedes albopictus, and serological data in the literature suggest that several species of domestic or human-related vertebrates can be contaminated by this virus. however, the role of ae. albopictus mosquitoes as potential enzootic vectors for chikv has not yet been evaluated. here we investi ... | 2010 | 19589060 |
| influence of multiple blood meals on gonotrophic dissociation and fecundity in aedes albopictus. | gonotrophic dissociation and fecundity in adult female aedes albopictus affect the transmission of arbovirus and mosquito population dynamics. female ae. albopictus bloodfed on guinea pig and human hosts produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of eggs (80 and 82/female, respectively) than females fed on chicken (67 eggs/female). fecundity in mosquitoes that took a double blood meal (chicken and guinea pig), a triple blood meal (3 separate guinea pigs), or mixed blood meals (chicken, guin ... | 2009 | 20099598 |
| mosquitoes used to draw blood for arbovirus viremia determinations in small vertebrates. | serial samples from the same individuals may be required for certain virological studies, however, some small animals cannot easily be blood-sampled. therefore, we evaluated the use of culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes albopictus skuse mosquitoes as "biological syringes" to draw blood for virus titer determinations in small vertebrates. groups of chicks (gallus gallus), hamsters (mesocricetus auratus), and house sparrows (passer domesticus) were experimentally infected with west nile virus (w ... | 2014 | 24901448 |
| aedes albopictus in lebanon, a potential risk of arboviruses outbreak. | the mosquito aedes albopictus is undergoing a worldwide expansion with potential consequences on transmission of various arboviruses. this species has been first detected in lebanon in 2003. | 2012 | 23151056 |
| vector competence of aedes albopictus (skuse) and aedes aegypti (linnaeus) for plasmodium gallinaceum infection and transmission. | avian malaria caused by plasmodium gallinaceum is an important mosquito-borne disease. eradication of this disease remains problematic since its competent vectors are diverse and widely distributed across the globe. several mosquito species were implicated as competent vectors for this parasite. however, studies on vector competence for p. gallinaceum remain limited. in this study, vector competence in the two most predominant mosquito vectors in tropical countries, aedes albopictus and ae. aegy ... | 2017 | 28579025 |
| the attractiveness of the gravid aedes trap to dengue vectors in fiji. | the gravid aedes trap (gat) is a passive trap that relies on visual and olfactory cues to lure and capture gravid mosquitoes. the gat was designed as a dengue vector surveillance tool for use in conditions where power sources are not readily available. experiments were conducted over a 10-d period in fiji to determine which species of mosquitoes the gat would collect, how different infusion types affect the attractiveness of the trap, how long each infusion type took to begin attracting mosquito ... | 2017 | 29244174 |
| evaluation of host systems for efficient isolation and propagation of duck tembusu virus. | several phylogenetic clusters of duck tembusu virus (dtmuv) that caused outbreaks in ducks in asia have been identified since its emergence in 2010, highlighting the need for an efficient host system that can support isolation of all circulating phylogenetic clusters of dtmuv. in this study, various host systems including different avian embryonated eggs (duck and chicken) and cell cultures (primary duck embryo fibroblast (def), primary chicken embryo fibroblast (cef), baby hamster kidney (bhk-2 ... | 2020 | 33146547 |