| california arbovirus (la crosse) infections. iii. epidemiology of california encephalitis in minnesota. | mosquitoes (eggs, larvae, and adults), small woodland animals, and residents of an area where california encephalitis is endemic were studied to elucidate the host-vector cycle of la crosse virus. elementary schoolchildren from surrounding communities and gray squirrels from another area were tested to compare the prevelence of serum antibodies to la crosse virus in areas where the disease is endemic with the prevalence of these antibodies in areas where the disease is not endemic. from 1971 to ... | 1976 | 3613 |
| a comparison of la crosse virus isolated obtained from different ecological niches and an analysis of the structural components of california encephalitis serogroup viruses and other bunyaviruses. | analyses of the oligonucleotide fingerprints of the three genome ribonucleic acid (rna) species of 11 isolates of la crosse (lac) virus, obtained from various ecological niches in the northern united states and compared to those of prototype lac virus, showed that in each place from which these isolates were obtained lac variants and varieties were present with related, but distinguishable, nucleotide sequences for their large, medium, or small rna species. the rna genomes of prototypes trivitta ... | 1979 | 453439 |
| three unique viral rna species of snowshoe hare and la crosse bunyaviruses. | two-dimensional gel electrophoreses of rnase t1-derived oligonucleotides of the three individual rna segments of the bunyavirus snowshow hare virus indicate that its three rna segments possess distinct nucleotide sequences. the fingerprints of the rna species of snowshoe hare virus differ from those of the antigenically closely related la crosse virus. three viral rna species have been identified in preparations of melao and trivittatus as well as snowshoe hare, lumbo, and la crosse bunyaviruses ... | 1977 | 559104 |
| viremia and antibody response to la crosse virus in sentinel gray squirrels (sciuris carolinensis) and chipmunks tamias striatus). | six isolates of la crosse (lac) virus were obtained from sentinel gray squirrels (sciuris carolinensis) and four from sentinel chipmunks (tamias striatus) in an endemic area. viremia titers were measured by plaquing on vero cells. antibody responses of the animals were measured by a microneutralization test employing four california group viruses: lac, snowshoe hare (ssh), trivittatus, and jamestown canyon. in both species lac antibody titers peaked at approximately 21 days and were still detect ... | 1977 | 889022 |
| isolation of la crosse virus (california encephalitis group) from the chipmunk (tamias striatus), an amplifier host. | la crosse (lac) virus was isolated from the blood of seven chipmunks (tamias striatus) captured during the summer of 1970 in southwestern wisconsin. with the exception of the original isolate obtained from human brain after fatal encephalitis, these represent the first known isolations of lac virus from a naturally infected free-living vertebrate. the chipmunks were trapped and periodically recaptured in two study areas where 59 chipmunks became infected and developed neutralizing antibody durin ... | 1975 | 1106233 |
| transmission of la crosse virus by four strains of aedes albopictus to and from the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus). | eastern chipmunks were successfully infected with la crosse virus by bites of 3 new world strains of aedes albopictus infected orally or transovarially. the virus was subsequently passed from the chipmunks to ae. albopictus, potosi strain, and ae. triseriatus. the chipmunks developed viremias of 1-4 days duration and antibody titers were similar in intensity and duration to those reported in chipmunks infected by ae. triseriatus. after feeding on viremic chipmunks, ae. albopictus became infected ... | 1992 | 1402859 |
| antibodies to la crosse virus in eastern chipmunks in indiana near an aedes albopictus population. | blood samples of 34 eastern chipmunks trapped in the vicinity of an aedes albopictus population near new alsace, in, were tested for neutralizing antibodies to la crosse (lac) virus and other california group viruses. two samples were positive for lac antibodies. analysis of mosquito bloodmeals demonstrated that both ae. albopictus and ae. triseriatus from the site fed on chipmunks. this note documents the first record of lac antibodies in sylvan rodents from indiana, the presence of lac virus i ... | 1991 | 1787412 |
| monoclonal antibodies specific for the g1 glycoprotein of la crosse virus that react with other california serogroup viruses. | various degrees of cross-reactivity have been observed among members of the california serogroup of bunyaviruses. since the g1 glycoprotein of la crosse (lac) virus, a member of this serogroup, has been shown to contain the antigenic determinants involved in neutralization, monoclonal antibodies to this glycoprotein were used in enzyme immunosorbent and kinetics of neutralization assays with the other california viruses to detect cross-reactive sites that may be involved in neutralization. the r ... | 1990 | 2179465 |
| serologic evidence of arboviral infections in white-tailed deer from central wisconsin. | a survey conducted during 1979-1980 on white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in central wisconsin revealed serological evidence of infection by selected arboviruses. among sera from 41 deer, antibody was detected for jamestown canyon virus (56%) and bunyamwera group virus (80%), demonstrating their continuing endemic activity. antibody for la crosse virus, not found previously in sera from deer in central wisconsin, also was detected (5%) in this study. | 1989 | 2716117 |
| serum antibody prevalence for herpesvirus sylvilagus, bacillus piliformis and california serogroup arboviruses in cottontail rabbits from pennsylvania. | a serologic survey of 60 eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) from three counties in pennsylvania was conducted in march 1983. serum antibody prevalences for herpesvirus sylvilagus and la crosse virus (california serogroup) were less than 4%. there was no evidence of previous exposure to either jamestown canyon or snowshoe hare viruses (california serogroup). antibody to trivittatus virus (california serogroup) was found in 60% of the 20 cottontails from york county. no cottontails ... | 1988 | 3373643 |
| absence of la crosse virus in the presence of aedes triseriatus on the delmarva peninsula. | between 1980 and 1984, field studies were conducted in 2 areas on the delmarva peninsula to identify the presence of la crosse (lac) virus. ovitraps were used to collect eggs of aedes triseriatus complex mosquitoes. no virus was obtained from 969 pools containing 22,370 adult mosquitoes reared from eggs. only 1 of 143 raccoon serum samples had neutralizing antibody to lac virus; 36 sentinel domestic goats, and 99 other wild mammal serum samples were negative. the apparent absence of lac virus ma ... | 1986 | 3507467 |
| the sequence of the m rna of an isolate of la crosse virus. | the middle-size (m) genomic rna of a new york state, u.s.a. isolate of la crosse (lac) virus has been cloned by a random priming procedure and its nucleotide sequence determined by the dideoxy method. the rna was found to be 4526 nucleotides in length and to have a base composition of 34.2% u, 27.8% a, 20.6% c and 17.4% g. there is a single, long open reading frame in the viral complementary rna that contains sufficient information to code for a protein of 1441 amino acids. in these respects, as ... | 1987 | 3694177 |
| seroconversion rates to jamestown canyon virus among six populations of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in indiana. | the annual seroconversion of fawns, yearlings, and adult white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) to jamestown canyon virus (california group) was followed at six indiana sites from 1981 through 1984. in all, sera from 1,642 deer (515 fawns, 618 yearlings, and 509 adults) were tested for neutralizing antibody to three california serogroup viruses: jamestown canyon, la crosse, and trivittatus. virtually all deer with specific neutralizing antibody showed evidence of a prior infection with james ... | 1987 | 3820426 |
| jamestown canyon virus (california serogroup) is the etiologic agent of widespread infection in michigan humans. | in a sample population of 780 michigan residents tested for neutralizing antibodies to california serogroup viruses, 216 (27.7%) had specific neutralizing antibody to jamestown canyon virus. an additional eight (1.0%) had specific neutralizing to trivittatus virus; none had specific neutralizing antibody to la crosse virus. significantly more male residents than female residents of the lower peninsula had antibody to jamestown canyon virus. the frequency of neutralizing antibody titers fits the ... | 1986 | 3953951 |
| experimental la crosse virus infection of red fox (vulpes fulva), raccoon (procyon lotor), opossum (didelphis virginiana), and woodchuck (marmota monax). | susceptibility to infection, resulting viremia and antibody responses, and potential to provide infectious blood meals for aedes triseriatus were determined and compared for the red fox (vulpes fulva), raccoon (procyon lotor), and opossum (didelphis virginiana) exposed to la crosse (lac) virus transmitted by mosquitoes, ae. triseriatus. woodchucks (marmota monax) were infected with lac virus by needle and syringe. all 5 red foxes became viremic following the bite of a single lac virus-infected f ... | 1985 | 4003669 |
| observations on a natural cycle of la crosse virus (california group) in southwestern wisconsin. | ecological studies were conducted to document the role of the eastern chipmunk (tramias striatus) as a vertebrate host for la crosse (lac) virus in nature during late summer when aedes triseriatus mosquitoes are most abundant. movement, home range and density of chipmunk populations were determined by trap mark and recapture techniques on grid study areas. the temporal distribution of a. triseriatus was estimated by use of oviposition traps. passive antibodies were found in spring-born juveniles ... | 1974 | 4451237 |
| natural la crosse virus infection in the red fox (vulpes fulva), gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoon (procyon lotor), and opossum (didelphis virginiana). | natural infection of sentinel red foxes (vulpes fulva) and free-ranging red foxes, gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and raccoons (procyon lotor) with la crosse (lac) virus was demonstrated. one isolate of lac virus was obtained from a sentinel red fox in an enzootic area. the viremia titer of the lac virus-infected red fox was above the threshold of infection for aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. antibody responses were measured by the microneutralization test employing four california group vi ... | 1981 | 7258486 |
| la crosse viremias in white-tailed deer and chipmunks exposed by injection or mosquito bite. | to further understand the role of wild mammals in the maintenance of la crosse virus (lacv) in nature, we investigated the effects of inoculation method and virus source on the duration and amplitude of lacv viremia in vertebrate hosts. earlier work suggested that deer are not sufficiently susceptible to lacv to play an important role in its maintenance. we re-evaluated the susceptibility of deer since subsequent studies showed that they constitute 65% of aedes triseriatus blood meals, and thus ... | 1996 | 8615443 |
| relative abundance and species composition of mosquito populations (diptera:culicidae) in a la crosse virus-endemic area in western north carolina. | container surveys were conducted in 5 communities on the cherokee indian reservation, an area of western north carolina endemic for transmission of la crosse (lac) virus, to determine the potential for peridomestic mosquito breeding, the relative abundance of mosquito species, and the standing crop of mosquitoes per residence. eleven species of mosquitoes were collected, but 80.9% of all mosquitoes reared from containers were aedes triseriatus (say). all communities averaged > 6 containers per r ... | 1996 | 8699454 |
| detecting bunyaviruses of the bunyamwera and california serogroups by a pcr technique. | many bunyaviruses of the bunyamwera and california serogroups are medically important human pathogens. the development of an effective technique to detect the viruses by using molecular biologic tools, such as pcr, improves not only clinical diagnosis but also virologic surveillance of mosquito vectors in the field. in this study, we evaluated eight pairs of primers for reactivity with 44 viruses of the genus bunyavirus, using a reverse transcriptase pcr technique. with a pair of serogroup-speci ... | 1996 | 8727900 |
| effects of la crosse virus infection on pregnant domestic rabbits and mongolian gerbils. | the transplacental transmission of la crosse virus (lacv) was evaluated in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) and mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatis) as a potential mechanism for the maintenance of the virus. rabbits were infected with lacv at different times of gestation by injection of viral suspensions or by exposure to lacv transovarially (to) infected aedes triseriatus. pregnant gerbils were exposed between 16-24 days of gestation to lacv to- infected ae. triseriatus. our result ... | 1996 | 8916793 |
| la crosse viremias in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatis). | we examined the usefulness of mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) as a new animal model for la crosse virus (lacv) studies. gerbils were exposed to lacv by either intramuscular (im) inoculation or exposure to transovarially infected aedes triseriatus. our studies indicate that gerbils may be a suitable animal model for lacv infection. gerbils were susceptible to lacv, survived viral infection, and developed viremias and neutralizing antibody titers following exposure by im injection and by ... | 1996 | 8940992 |
| a new genetic variant of la crosse virus (bunyaviridae) isolated from new england. | la crosse virus (lacv) is found primarily in the midwestern and appalachian regions of the united states where it is a leading cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in children. to determine whether the distribution of this virus extends further east into new england, we analyzed a bunyavirus that was isolated from a pool of eastern tree-hole mosquitoes, ochlerotatus triseriatus (= aedes triseriatus), collected from fairfield, connecticut (ct) in 2005. nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences ... | 2006 | 16968927 |
| la crosse virus infectivity, pathogenesis, and immunogenicity in mice and monkeys. | la crosse virus (lacv), family bunyaviridae, was first identified as a human pathogen in 1960 after its isolation from a 4 year-old girl with fatal encephalitis in la crosse, wisconsin. lacv is a major cause of pediatric encephalitis in north america and infects up to 300,000 persons each year of which 70-130 result in severe disease of the central nervous system (cns). as an initial step in the establishment of useful animal models to support vaccine development, we examined lacv infectivity, p ... | 2008 | 18267012 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of complete nucleotide sequence of a snowshoe hare (lepus americanus) virus genome]. | the complete nucleotide consequence of snowshoe hare (lepus americanus) virus (sshv) genome was first determined. phylogenetic analysis indicated the identity of the study strain in the complete s segment and an l-segment with a length of 145 amino acid residues with sshv sequences from the database genbank (j02390, af393325). the homology of an m segment of the study segment was 99.7% with the consequences of the same from the database genbank (k02539). la crosse virus is most genetically close ... | 2008 | 19069791 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of chatanga virus strains, the new representative of california encephalitis serocomplex, isolated in different regions of the russian federation]. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the s segment and the fragments of m and l segments (on 900 and 410 nucleotides, respectively) were determined in 14 california encephalitis serocomplex (ces) strains isolated from different regions of the russian federation. phylogenetic analysis by the sequences of genomic s, m, and l segments indicated that all russian strains were an individual independent ces virus. the new virus is named chatanga for the place of isolation of one of the strains. two gen ... | 2008 | 19172903 |
| c6/36 aedes albopictus cells have a dysfunctional antiviral rna interference response. | mosquitoes rely on rna interference (rnai) as their primary defense against viral infections. to this end, the combination of rnai and invertebrate cell culture systems has become an invaluable tool in studying virus-vector interactions. nevertheless, a recent study failed to detect an active rnai response to west nile virus (wnv) infection in c6/36 (aedes albopictus) cells, a mosquito cell line frequently used to study arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). therefore, we sought to determine if ... | 2010 | 21049065 |
| tahyna virus genetics, infectivity, and immunogenicity in mice and monkeys. | tahyna virus (tahv) is a human pathogen of the california encephalitis virus (cev) serogroup (bunyaviridae) endemic to europe, asia, and africa. tahv maintains an enzootic life cycle with several species of mosquito vectors and hares, rabbits, hedgehogs, and rodents serving as small mammal amplifying hosts. human tahv infection occurs in summer and early fall with symptoms of fever, headache, malaise, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, and nausea. tahv disease can progress to cns involvement, although ... | 2011 | 21435229 |
| A Recombinant Chimeric La Crosse Virus Expressing the Surface Glycoproteins of Jamestown Canyon Virus Is Immunogenic and Protective against Challenge with either Parental Virus in Mice or Monkeys. | La Crosse virus (LACV) and Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), family Bunyaviridae, are mosquito-borne viruses that are endemic in North America and recognized as etiologic agents of encephalitis in humans. Both viruses belong to the California encephalitis virus serogroup, which causes 70 to 100 cases of encephalitis a year. As a first step in creating live attenuated viral vaccine candidates for this serogroup, we have generated a recombinant LACV expressing the attachment/fusion glycoproteins of JC ... | 2012 | 22013033 |
| short report: antibody prevalence of select arboviruses in mute swans (cygnus olor) in the great lakes region and atlantic coast of the united states. | mute swans (cygnus olor) are an invasive species in the united states. the dramatic increase in their populations in localized areas has led to various problems, among them competition with native species and attacks on humans by aggressive swans. however, very little is known about the ability of these swans to transmit pathogens to humans, domestic birds, or wildlife or participate in enzootic maintenance. to learn more about select pathogens that mute swans may harbor, a survey was conducted ... | 2014 | 25266351 |
| epidemiology of la crosse virus emergence, appalachia region, united states. | la crosse encephalitis is a viral disease that has emerged in new locations across the appalachian region of the united states. conventional wisdom suggests that ongoing emergence of la crosse virus (lacv) could stem from the invasive asian tiger (aedes albopictus) mosquito. efforts to prove this, however, are complicated by the numerous transmission routes and species interactions involved in lacv dynamics. to analyze lacv transmission by asian tiger mosquitoes, we constructed epidemiologic mod ... | 0 | 27767009 |
| serological survey for antibodies to mosquito-borne bunyaviruses among us national park service and us forest service employees. | serum samples from 295 employees of great smoky mountains national park (grsm), rocky mountain national park (romo), and grand teton national park with adjacent bridger-teton national forest (grte-btnf) were subjected to serological analysis for mosquito-borne bunyaviruses. the sera were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies against six orthobunyaviruses: la crosse virus (lacv), jamestown canyon virus (jcv), snowshoe hare virus (sshv), california encephalitis virus, and trivittatus virus (tvtv) b ... | 2016 | 26855300 |
| isolation and characterization of a california encephalitis serogroup orthobunyavirus from finnish mosquitoes. | the mosquito-borne california encephalitis serogroup viruses of the genus orthobunyavirus (family bunyaviridae) include several causative agents of encephalitis in humans. until recently, inkoo virus (inkv) was the only orthobunyavirus isolated in finland, showing high seroprevalence in the population. in this study, we recovered five orthobunyavirus isolates from mosquitoes collected in eastern finland in the early autumns of 2007 and 2008 by inoculation of vero cells. the isolates were determi ... | 2014 | 24480054 |
| influence of forest disturbance on la crosse virus risk in southwestern virginia. | forest disturbance effects on la crosse virus (lacv) are currently unknown. we determined the abundance of three lacv accessory vectors (aedes albopictus, ae. canadensis, and ae. vexans) and the primary amplifying host (eastern chipmunk; tamias striatus), and tested for lacv prevalence in both vectors and chipmunks, across a gradient of experimental forest disturbance treatments in southwest virginia. forest disturbance significantly affected the abundance of lacv accessory vectors, with a highe ... | 2019 | 31905866 |
| differences in neuropathogenesis of encephalitic california serogroup viruses. | the california serogroup of orthobunyaviruses comprises a group of mosquitoborne viruses, including la crosse (lacv), snowshoe hare (sshv), tahyna (tahv), jamestown canyon (jcv), and inkoo (inkv) viruses, that cause neurologic disease in humans of differing ages with varying incidences. to determine how the pathogenesis of these viruses differs, we compared their ability to induce disease in mice and replicate and induce cell death in vitro. in mice, lacv, tahv, and sshv induced neurologic disea ... | 2019 | 30882310 |