| a comparative study of o'nyong nyong virus with chikungunya virus and plaque variants. | two plaque variants of chikungunya (chik) virus were serologically compared with o'nyong nyong (onn) virus in order to elucidate the reported one way antigenic relationships between the two viruses. three different hypotheses are examined and evidence is shown to support one of them. comparison of some biological properties of the viruses showed onn to be distinct in some respects. all viruses and variants were found to replicate in anopheles gambiae cells. | 1979 | 88212 |
| a yellow fever epizootic in zika forest, uganda, during 1972: part 2: monkey serology. | during the 1972 yellow fever epizootic in zika forest, uganda, sera from 21 monkeys shot in a number of forests around the entebbe area were tested for the presence of a number of arbovirus antibodies. all sera were tested for antibodies against chikungunya (chik), o'nyong-nyong (onn), zika, yellow fever (yf) west nile (wn) and wesselsbron (wess) by the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. because of the crossreaction within the flaviviruses (group b arboviruses) mouse protection test (pt) wa ... | 1977 | 413216 |
| detection of alphaviruses in a genus-specific antigen capture enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies. | a genus-specific antigen capture assay using similar combinations of monoclonal antibodies for capture and detection of 24 alphaviruses belonging to the seven serocomplexes was developed. the sensitivity of the test ranged from 10(3.4) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for o'nyong-nyong virus to 10(6.1) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for middelburg virus. the antigen capture test uses a combination of cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies directed against the nucleocapsid protein and e ... | 1991 | 1847149 |
| complete sequence of the genomic rna of o'nyong-nyong virus and its use in the construction of alphavirus phylogenetic trees. | the alphaviruses are a group of about 25 positive-strand rna viruses that are important human and veterinary pathogens and that are geographically dispersed. we report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of the alphavirus, o'nyong-nyong virus. the rna is 11,835 nucleotides in length and the organization of the genome is typical of alphaviruses. phylogenetic trees were constructed from the protein sequences of o'nyong-nyong and six other alphaviruses. trees were constructed f ... | 1990 | 2155505 |
| nonstructural proteins nsp3 and nsp4 of ross river and o'nyong-nyong viruses: sequence and comparison with those of other alphaviruses. | we have sequenced the nsp3 and nsp4 region of two alphaviruses, ross river virus and o'nyong-nyong virus, in order to examine these viruses for the presence or absence of an opal termination codon present between nsp3 and nsp4 in many alphaviruses. we found that ross river virus possesses an in-phase opal termination codon between nsp3 and nsp4, whereas in o'nyong-nyong virus this termination codon is replaced by an arginine codon. previous studies have shown that two other alphaviruses, sindbis ... | 1988 | 2834873 |
| ii. multiplication of chikungunya and o'nyong-nyong viruses in singh's aedes cell lines. | | 1971 | 5142322 |
| serological survey for arboviruses in uganda, 1967-69. | in a serological survey for arboviruses carried out in 8 areas of uganda between 1967 and 1969, altogether 1869 human sera were tested with 8 antigens by the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. mouse neutralization tests (nt) with group-b viruses were also performed on selected sera.the prevalence of arbovirus antibodies was found to vary considerably between the different areas. very few people in the highland area of kigezi had antibody to any of the antigens used, whereas more than half o ... | 1970 | 5311064 |
| [stimulation of gheta and o'nyong-nyong virus reproduction by l-glutamine and low concentrations of 5-brom-2-deoxyuridine]. | | 1970 | 5505408 |
| [signs of the spread of o'nyong-nyong virus in the central african republic]. | | 1968 | 5678519 |
| recovery of o'nyong-nyong virus from anopheles funestus in western kenya. | o'nyong-nyong (onn) virus first appeared nearly 20 years ago and was responsible for one of the largest arbovirus outbreaks ever documented. since the original outbreak ended, onn activity, as determined serologically, gradually declined on the kano plain in western kenya. in june, 1978, a virus similar or identical to onn was isolated from a pool of anopheles funestus giles captured at ahero on the kano plain. the possible implications of this isolation are discussed. | 1981 | 6272457 |
| antigenic relationship between chikungunya virus strains and o'nyong nyong virus using monoclonal antibodies. | chikungunya (chik) strains from africa and asia were shown to be antigenically closely related using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mab) prepared against strains h817 from africa and phh15483 from asia. the one-way antigenic relationship between chik and o'nyong nyong (onn) viruses was demonstrated at the epitope level using the immunofluorescence and haemagglutination inhibition techniques. results of tests with mab against onn virus suggest that, while onn virus has retained most of the chi ... | 1995 | 7754238 |
| emergence of epidemic o'nyong-nyong fever in uganda after a 35-year absence: genetic characterization of the virus. | o'nyong-nyong (onn) virus is an alphavirus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus) classified in the semliki forest virus (sfv) antigenic complex. onn was initially isolated in northern uganda in 1959 during the early stages of an explosive arbovirus epidemic in which > 2 million cases were reported. no additional epidemics or human isolations of onn were reported until 1996, when it was isolated from an epidemic in southern uganda. we report the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequenc ... | 1998 | 9875334 |
| epidemic o'nyong-nyong fever in southcentral uganda, 1996-1997: entomologic studies in bbaale village, rakai district. | entomologic studies were conducted between january 27 and february 2, 1997, in bbaale village in southcentral uganda during an o'nyong-nyong (onn) virus epidemic, which began in mid 1996 and continued into 1997. the objectives were to confirm the role of anophelines in onn virus transmission and to examine other mosquito species as epidemic vectors of onn virus. of 10,050 mosquitoes collected using light traps and pyrethrum knockdown sprays, anopheles (cellia) funestus giles was presumed to be t ... | 1999 | 10432073 |
| isolation of thogoto virus (orthomyxoviridae) from the banded mongoose, mongos mungo (herpestidae), in uganda. | small wild vertebrates were trapped during an investigation into possible vertebrate reservoirs of o'nyong-nyong (onn) fever virus in uganda in 1997. antibody neutralization test results and virus isolation attempts were negative for onn virus, confirming the work of earlier investigators, who also failed to find evidence for a nonhuman onn virus reservoir. in the course of these onn virus studies, thogoto virus was isolated from one of eight banded mongooses (mongos mungo). this is the first is ... | 1999 | 10466973 |
| o'nyong-nyong fever in south-central uganda, 1996-1997: description of the epidemic and results of a household-based seroprevalence survey. | o'nyong-nyong (onn) fever, an acute, nonfatal illness characterized by polyarthralgia, is caused by infection with a mosquito-borne central african alphavirus. during 1996-1997, south-central uganda experienced the second onn fever epidemic ever recognized. during january and early february 1997, active case-finding and a household cluster serosurvey were conducted in two affected and two comparison areas. a confirmed case was defined as an acute febrile illness with polyarthralgia occurring wit ... | 1999 | 10515801 |
| re-emergence of chikungunya and o'nyong-nyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships. | chikungunya (chik) virus is a member of the genus alphavirus in the family togaviridae: serologically, it is most closely related to o'nyong-nyong (onn) virus and is a member of the semliki forest antigenic complex. chik virus is believed to be enzootic throughout much of africa and historical evidence indicates that it spread to other parts of the world from this origin. strains from africa and asia are reported to differ biologically, indicating that distinct lineages may exist. to examine the ... | 2000 | 10644846 |
| sindbis-group alphavirus replication in periosteum and endosteum of long bones in adult mice. | several alphaviruses, including the sindbis-group viruses, ross river virus, o'nyong-nyong virus, and chikungunya virus, are associated with outbreaks of acute and persistent arthralgia and arthritis in humans. mechanisms underlying alphavirus-induced arthralgia and arthritis are not clearly understood, though direct viral replication within or around the affected joints is thought to contribute to disease. s.a.ar86 is a sindbis-group alphavirus closely related to the arthralgia-associated ockel ... | 2000 | 10982376 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of chikungunya virus and evidence for an internal polyadenylation site. | in this study, the complete genomic sequence of chikungunya virus (chik; s27 african prototype) was determined and the presence of an internal polyadenylation [i-poly(a)] site was confirmed within the 3' non-translated region (ntr) of this strain. the complete genome was 11805 nucleotides in length, excluding the 5' cap nucleotide, an i-poly(a) tract and the 3' poly(a) tail. it comprised two long open reading frames that encoded the non-structural (2474 amino acids) and structural polyproteins ( ... | 2002 | 12466484 |
| isolations of bwamba virus from south central uganda and north eastern tanzania. | bwamba virus (genus bunyavirus, family bunyaviridae) is widely distributed in africa. it causes many unidentified fevers because of its benign nature. | 2002 | 12789111 |
| cross-neutralization studies with group a arthropod-borne viruses. | in an extension of recent work on the antigenic interrelationships of arthropod-borne viruses, the plaque-inhibition test has been applied to the study of 15 group a strains. middelburg and eastern equine encephalomyelitis viruses show no relationship to any other virus in the group. sindbis and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses show a one-way relationship only. the remaining viruses all share some antigenic components which react with hyperimmune rabbit sera prepared against semliki fore ... | 1961 | 13737288 |
| o'nyong-nyong fever: an epidemic virus disease in east africa. vi. alopecia in mice experimentally infected with o'nyong-nyong virus. | | 1962 | 13998488 |
| rna interference acts as a natural antiviral response to o'nyong-nyong virus (alphavirus; togaviridae) infection of anopheles gambiae. | rna interference (rnai) is triggered in eukaryotic organisms by double-stranded rna (dsrna), and it destroys any mrna that has sequence identity with the dsrna trigger. the rnai pathway in anopheles gambiae can be silenced by transfecting cells with dsrna derived from exon sequence of the a. gambiae argonaute2 (agago2) gene. we hypothesized that rnai may also act as an antagonist to alphavirus replication in a. gambiae because rna viruses form dsrna during replication. silencing agago2 expressio ... | 2004 | 15583140 |
| infection patterns of o'nyong nyong virus in the malaria-transmitting mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | arthropod-borne alphaviruses transmitted by mosquitoes almost exclusively use culicines; however, the alphavirus o'nyong-nyong (onnv) has the unusual characteristic of being transmitted primarily by anopheline mosquitoes. this unusual attribute makes onnv a valuable tool in the characterization of mosquito determinants of infection as well as a useful expression system in anopheles species. we developed a series of recombinant alphaviruses, based upon the genome of onnv, designed for the express ... | 2004 | 15606811 |
| differential infectivities of o'nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) are closely related alphaviruses that cause human disease in africa and asia. like most alphaviruses, chikv is vectored by culicine mosquitoes. onnv is considered unusual as it primarily infects anopheline mosquitoes; however, there are relatively few experimental data to support this. in this study, three strains of onnv and one strain of chikv were evaluated in anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in four cell lines. as pre ... | 2005 | 15891138 |
| modulation of anopheles gambiae gene expression in response to o'nyong-nyong virus infection. | to determine if gene expression of an. gambiae is modulated in response to o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv) infection, we utilized cdna microarrays including about 20 000 cdnas. gene expression levels of onnv-infected female mosquitoes were compared to that of the uninfected control females harvested at 14 days postinfection. in response to onnv infection, expression levels of 18 genes were significantly modulated, being at least two-fold up- or down-regulated. quantitative real-time pcr analysis (qrt ... | 2005 | 16164603 |
| determinants of vector specificity of o'nyong nyong and chikungunya viruses in anopheles and aedes mosquitoes. | the alphaviruses o'nyong nyong virus (onnv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) provide a unique system to study the viral genes involved in vector specificity. onnv infects both anopheline and culicine mosquitoes, whereas chikv infects only culicine mosquitoes. in this study, chimeric viruses were constructed that contained genes from both onnv and chikv. these chimeras and previously described full-length infectious clones of onnv and chikv were evaluated in anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti mosqu ... | 2006 | 16607002 |
| effects of an opal termination codon preceding the nsp4 gene sequence in the o'nyong-nyong virus genome on anopheles gambiae infectivity. | the genomic rna of an alphavirus encodes four different nonstructural proteins, nsp1, nsp2, nsp3, and nsp4. the polyprotein p123 is produced when translation terminates at an opal termination codon between nsp3 and nsp4. the polyprotein p1234 is produced when translational readthrough occurs or when the opal termination codon has been replaced by a sense codon in the alphavirus genome. evolutionary pressures appear to have maintained genomic sequences encoding both a stop codon (opal) and an ope ... | 2006 | 16641290 |
| o'nyong-nyong virus, chad. | we report the first laboratory-confirmed human infection with o'nyong-nyong virus in chad. this virus was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with evidence of a seroconversion to a virus related to chikungunya virus. genome sequence was partly determined, and phylogenetic studies were conducted. | 2006 | 16965706 |
| the molecular and cellular aspects of arthritis due to alphavirus infections: lesson learned from ross river virus. | alphaviruses such as the sindbis-group viruses, scandinavian ockelbo virus, the african asian chikungunya virus, the african o'nyong-nyong virus, the south american mayaro virus, and the australasian barmah forest and ross river viruses, are commonly associated with outbreaks of acute and persistent arthritis and arthralgia in humans. the mechanisms by which these viruses cause arthritis/arthralgia are poorly understood. this chapter summarizes our current understanding of viral arthritides usin ... | 2007 | 17470914 |
| anopheles gambiae heat shock protein cognate 70b impedes o'nyong-nyong virus replication. | phylogenetic and functional analysis was conducted on an anopheles gambiae gene, ensangg00000017398. based on phylogenetic analysis, this gene belongs to the same lineage as heat shock protein cognate 70-4 (hsc70-4) in drosophila. accordingly, we propose to name this gene heat shock protein cognate 70b (hsc70b). we previously reported that expression of hsc70b and other genes including elongation factor-1alpha (ef-1alpha) and the agglutinin attachment subunit (agglutinin) were up-regulated in o' ... | 2007 | 17625007 |
| ex vivo promoter analysis of antiviral heat shock cognate 70b gene in anopheles gambiae. | the anopheles gambiae heat shock cognate gene (hsc70b) encodes a constitutively expressed protein in the hsp70 family and it functions as a molecular chaperone for protein folding. however, the expression of hsc70b can be further induced by certain stimuli such as heat shock and infection. we previously demonstrated that the an. gambiae hsc70b is induced during o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv) infection and subsequently suppresses onnv replication in the mosquito. to further characterize the inducibil ... | 2008 | 18986525 |
| evaluation of real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for detection of chikungunya virus in clinical samples. | the chikungunya virus (chikv) is a member of the genus alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by aedes mosquitoes. in 2005 and 2006, the indian ocean island of la réunion was hit with an unprecedented chikv fever outbreak that infected 300 000 people. in the present study, we describe the evaluation of real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (rt-nasba) for the detection of chikv in clinical samples. a co-extracted and co-amplified chimerical chikv rna sequence was used as an intern ... | 2009 | 19528148 |
| amelioration of alphavirus-induced arthritis and myositis in a mouse model by treatment with bindarit, an inhibitor of monocyte chemotactic proteins. | alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus, sindbis virus, o'nyong-nyong virus, mayaro virus, and ross river virus (rrv), are commonly associated with arthralgias and overt arthritides worldwide. understanding the processes by which arthritogenic viruses cause disease is a prerequisite in the quest for better treatments. in this regard, we have recently established that monocyte/macrophages are mediators of alphavirus-induced arthritis in mice. we hypothesized that chemokines associated with monocyt ... | 2009 | 19644852 |
| development of field-based real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of chikungunya and o'nyong-nyong viruses in mosquitoes. | chikungunya (chik) and o'nyong-nyong (onn) are important emerging arthropod-borne diseases. molecular diagnosis of these two viruses in mosquitoes has not been evaluated, and the effects of extraneous mosquito tissue on assay performance have not been tested. additionally, no real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay exists for detecting onn virus (onnv) rna. we describe the development of sensitive and specific real-time rt-pcr assays for detecting chik and onn vi ... | 2009 | 19815886 |
| accurate strand-specific quantification of viral rna. | the presence of full-length complements of viral genomic rna is a hallmark of rna virus replication within an infected cell. as such, methods for detecting and measuring specific strands of viral rna in infected cells and tissues are important in the study of rna viruses. strand-specific quantitative real-time pcr (ssqpcr) assays are increasingly being used for this purpose, but the accuracy of these assays depends on the assumption that the amount of cdna measured during the quantitative pcr (q ... | 2009 | 19847293 |
| chikungunya outbreak in a rural area of western cameroon in 2006: a retrospective serological and entomological survey. | abstract: | 2010 | 20444282 |
| etanercept exacerbates disease in a mouse model of alphaviral arthritis and myositis. | objectives.: mosquito-borne alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus, o'nyong-nyong virus and ross river virus (rrv) cause sporadic, sometimes large, outbreaks of rheumatic disease worldwide. here we test the effect of treating rrv-induced arthritis using the anti-tnf drug, etanercept, in a mouse model of rheumatic disease. methods.: mice were infected with rrv and treated with etanercept. weight loss, tissue viral titers and histological examination of muscle and joint tissues were undertaken. re ... | 2010 | 20981822 |
| chikungunya virus envelope-specific human monoclonal antibodies with broad neutralization potency. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is an alphavirus responsible for numerous epidemics in africa and asia. infection by chikv is often characterized by long-lasting, incapacitating arthritis, and some fatal cases have been described among elderly and newborns. currently, there is no available vaccine or specific treatment against chikv. blood b cells from a donor with history of chikv infection were activated, immortalized, amplified, and cloned. two human mabs against chikv, 5f10 and 8b10, were identifi ... | 2011 | 21278338 |
| disease exacerbation by etanercept in a mouse model of alphaviral arthritis and myositis. | mosquito-borne alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus, o'nyong-nyong virus, and ross river virus (rrv) cause sporadic, sometimes large, outbreaks of rheumatic disease worldwide. this study was designed to test the effect of treating rrv-induced arthritis using the anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-tnf) drug etanercept in a mouse model of rheumatic disease. | 2011 | 21280003 |
| applications of animal models of infectious arthritis in drug discovery: a focus on alphaviral disease. | animal models, which mimic human disease, are invaluable tools for understanding the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and development of treatment strategies. in particular, animal models play important roles in the area of infectious arthritis. alphaviruses, including ross river virus (rrv), o'nyong-nyong virus, chikungunya virus (chikv), mayaro virus, semliki forest virus and sindbis virus, are globally distributed and cause transient illness characterized by fever, rash, myalgia, arthralgia ... | 2011 | 21366516 |
| identification and characterization of a ross river virus variant that grows persistently in macrophages, shows altered disease kinetics in a mouse model, and exhibits resistance to type i interferon. | alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus, o'nyong-nyong virus, and ross river virus (rrv), cause outbreaks of human rheumatic disease worldwide. rrv is a positive-sense single-stranded rna virus endemic to australia and papua new guinea. in this study, we sought to establish an in vitro model of rrv evolution in response to cellular antiviral defense mechanisms. rrv was able to establish persistent infection in activated macrophages, and a small-plaque variant (rrv(pers)) was isolated after sever ... | 2011 | 21430046 |
| critical role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) in ross river virus-induced arthritis and myositis. | arthrogenic alphaviruses, such as ross river virus (rrv), chikungunya, sindbis, mayaro and o'nyong-nyong viruses circulate endemically worldwide, frequently causing outbreaks of polyarthritis. the exact mechanisms of how alphaviruses induce polyarthritis remain ill defined, although macrophages are known to play a key role. macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is an important cytokine involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. here, we characterize the role of mif in alphavirus-induc ... | 2011 | 21730129 |
| type i interferon reaction to viral infection in interferon-competent, immortalized cell lines from the african fruit bat eidolon helvum. | bats harbor several highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses including rabies, marburg, and henipaviruses, without overt clinical symptoms in the animals. it has been suspected that bats might have evolved particularly effective mechanisms to suppress viral replication. here, we investigated interferon (ifn) response, -induction, -secretion and -signaling in epithelial-like cells of the relevant and abundant african fruit bat species, eidolon helvum (e. helvum). immortalized cell lines were generated; ... | 2011 | 22140523 |
| chikungunya virus infection: an overview. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus belonging to the togaviridae family, first isolated in tanzania in 1952. the main vectors are mosquitoes from the aedes species. recently, the establishment of an envelope mutation increased infectivity for a. albopictus. chikv has recently re-emerged causing millions of infections in countries around the indian ocean characterized by climate conditions favourable to high vector density. importation of human cases to european regions ... | 2013 | 23912863 |
| development of a taqman array card for acute-febrile-illness outbreak investigation and surveillance of emerging pathogens, including ebola virus. | acute febrile illness (afi) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet an etiologic agent is often not identified. convalescent-phase serology is impractical, blood culture is slow, and many pathogens are fastidious or impossible to cultivate. we developed a real-time pcr-based taqman array card (tac) that can test six to eight samples within 2.5 h from sample to results and can simultaneously detect 26 afi-associated organisms, including 15 viruses (chikungunya, crime ... | 2015 | 26491176 |
| molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of alphavirus-induced arthritis. | arthritogenic alphaviruses, including ross river virus (rrv), chikungunya virus (chikv), sindbis virus (sinv), mayaro virus (mayv), o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv), and barmah forest virus (bfv), cause incapacitating and long lasting articular disease/myalgia. outbreaks of viral arthritis and the global distribution of these diseases point to the emergence of arthritogenic alphaviruses as an important public health problem. this review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in alphavirus-induced ... | 2013 | 24069610 |
| the role of innate versus adaptive immune responses in a mouse model of o'nyong-nyong virus infection. | o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv), an alphavirus closely related to chikungunya virus (chikv), has caused three major epidemics in africa since 1959. both onnv and chikv produce similar syndromes with fever, rash, and debilitating arthralgia. to determine the roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses, we infected different knockout mice with two strains of onnv (sg650 and mp30). wild-type, rag1 ko, and ifnγr ko mice showed no signs of illness or viremia. the stat1 ko and a129 mice exhibited 50- ... | 2013 | 23568285 |
| o'nyong nyong virus molecular determinants of unique vector specificity reside in non-structural protein 3. | o'nyong nyong virus (onnv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) are two closely related alphaviruses with very different infection patterns in the mosquito, anopheles gambiae. onnv is the only alphavirus transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes, but specific molecular determinants of infection of this unique vector specificity remain unidentified. fifteen distinct chimeric viruses were constructed to evaluate both structural and non-structural regions of the genome and infection patterns were determined th ... | 2013 | 23359824 |
| seroepidemiology of selected arboviruses in febrile patients visiting selected health facilities in the lake/river basin areas of lake baringo, lake naivasha, and tana river, kenya. | arboviruses cause emerging and re-emerging infections affecting humans and animals. they are spread primarily by blood-sucking insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, midges, and sandflies. changes in climate, ecology, demographic, land-use patterns, and increasing global travel have been linked to an upsurge in arboviral disease. outbreaks occur periodically followed by persistent low-level circulation. | 0 | 25700043 |
| cross-protective immunity against o'nyong-nyong virus afforded by a novel recombinant chikungunya vaccine. | emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus infections caused by chikungunya virus (chikv) or o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv) are responsible for sporadic and sometimes explosive urban outbreaks. currently, there is no licensed vaccine against either virus. we have developed a highly attenuated recombinant chikv candidate vaccine (chikv/ires) that in preclinical studies was demonstrated to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious. in this study we investigated the potential of this vaccine to induce cross-protect ... | 2012 | 22583812 |
| anopheles gambiae antiviral immune response to systemic o'nyong-nyong infection. | mosquito-borne viral diseases cause significant burden in much of the developing world. although host-virus interactions have been studied extensively in the vertebrate host, little is known about mosquito responses to viral infection. in contrast to mosquitoes of the aedes and culex genera, anopheles gambiae, the principal vector of human malaria, naturally transmits very few arboviruses, the most important of which is o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv). here we have investigated the a. gambiae immune ... | 2012 | 22428080 |
| antiviral immunity of anopheles gambiae is highly compartmentalized, with distinct roles for rna interference and gut microbiota. | arboviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes and other arthropods to humans and animals. the risk associated with these viruses is increasing worldwide, including new emergence in europe and the americas. anopheline mosquitoes are vectors of human malaria but are believed to transmit one known arbovirus, o'nyong-nyong virus, whereas aedes mosquitoes transmit many. anopheles interactions with viruses have been little studied, and the initial antiviral response in the midgut has not been examined. he ... | 2014 | 25548172 |
| high rates of o'nyong nyong and chikungunya virus transmission in coastal kenya. | chikungunya virus (chikv) and o'nyong nyong virus (onnv) are mosquito-borne alphaviruses endemic in east africa that cause acute febrile illness and arthritis. the objectives of this study were to measure the seroprevalence of chikv and onnv in coastal kenya and link it to demographics and other risk factors. | 2015 | 25658762 |
| identification and characterization of two novel rna viruses from anopheles gambiae species complex mosquitoes. | mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae complex display strong preference for human bloodmeals and are major malaria vectors in africa. however, their interaction with viruses or role in arbovirus transmission during epidemics has been little examined, with the exception of o'nyong-nyong virus, closely related to chikungunya virus. deep-sequencing has revealed different rna viruses in natural insect viromes, but none have been previously described in the anopheles gambiae species complex. here, we d ... | 2016 | 27138938 |
| o'nyong-nyong virus infection imported to europe from kenya by a traveler. | | 0 | 25271361 |
| alphavirus protease inhibitors from natural sources: a homology modeling and molecular docking investigation. | alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus (chikv), o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv), ross river virus (rrv), eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev), venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), and western equine encephalitis virus (weev), are mosquito-transmitted viruses that can cause fevers, rash, and rheumatic diseases (chikv, onnv, rrv) or potentially fatal encephalitis (eeev, veev, weev) in humans. these diseases are considered neglected tropical diseases for which there are no current antiviral ... | 2016 | 27387412 |
| arthritogenic alphaviruses--an overview. | mosquito-transmitted alphaviruses causing human rheumatic disease are globally distributed and include chikungunya virus, ross river virus, barmah forest virus, sindbis virus, o'nyong-nyong virus and mayaro virus. these viruses cause endemic disease and, occasionally, large epidemics; for instance, the 2004-2011 chikungunya epidemic resulted in 1.4-6.5 million cases, with imported cases reported in nearly 40 countries. the disease is usually self-limiting and characterized by acute and chronic s ... | 2012 | 22565316 |
| trisubstituted thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole 5-carboxamides as potent inhibitors of alphaviruses. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a re-emerging vector-borne alphavirus and is transmitted to humans by aedes mosquitoes. despite the re-emergence of chikv as an epidemic threat, there is no approved effective antiviral treatment currently available for chikv. herein, we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of a class of thieno[3,2-b]pyrroles and the discovery of a trisubstituted thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole 5-carboxamide 15c that exhibits potent inhibitory activity against in vit ... | 2015 | 26540338 |
| genetic divergence of chikungunya virus plaque variants from the comoros island (2005). | chikungunya virus (chikv) from a human sample collected during the 2005 chikungunya outbreak in the comoros island, showed distinct and reproducible large (l2) and small (s7) plaques which were characterized in this study. the parent strain and plaque variants were analysed by in vitro growth kinetics in different cell lines and their genetic similarity assessed by whole genome sequencing, comparative sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. in vitro growth kinetic assays showed similar gro ... | 2015 | 26347221 |
| characterisation of mouse monoclonal antibodies targeting linear epitopes on chikungunya virus e2 glycoprotein. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus which has recently re-emerged globally and poses a major threat to public health. infection leads to severe arthralgia, and disease management remains supportive in the absence of vaccines and anti-viral interventions. the high specificities of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been exploited in immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy in recent decades. in this study, eight different clones of mabs were generated and characterised. these mabs t ... | 2014 | 24134938 |
| prevalence of antibodies to alphaviruses and flaviviruses in free-ranging game animals and nonhuman primates in the greater congo basin. | vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens have comprised a significant proportion of the emerging infectious diseases in humans in recent decades. the role of many wildlife species as reservoirs for arthropod-borne viral pathogens is poorly understood. we investigated the exposure history of various african wildlife species from the congo basin to mosquito-borne flaviviruses and alphaviruses by testing archived serum samples. sera from 24 african forest buffalo (syncerus caffer nanus), 34 african elep ... | 2013 | 23778608 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of the anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) midgut infected with o'nyong-nyong virus. | alphaviruses are arthropod-borne pathogens that infect a range of hosts. in humans and other mammals, alphavirus infection can cause severe disease. in mosquito hosts, however, there are generally few symptoms. little is known about the cellular responses of mosquitoes that allow them to cope with infection. in this investigation, a six-plex tandem mass tagging proteomic approach was used to study protein accumulation changes in the midgut of anopheles gambiae (giles) (diptera: culicidae) mosqui ... | 2013 | 24180113 |
| virus-specific thermostability and heat inactivation profiles of alphaviruses. | serological diagnosis is a critical component for disease surveillance and is important to address the increase in incidence and disease burden of alphaviruses, such as the chikungunya (chikv) and ross river (rrv) viruses. the gold standard for serological diagnosis is the plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt), which demonstrates the neutralizing capacity of serum samples after the removal of complement activity and adventitious viruses. this procedure is normally performed following inact ... | 2016 | 27079828 |
| development of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for o'nyong-nyong virus and evaluation with clinical and mosquito specimens from kenya. | o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv), an alphavirus closely related to chikungunya virus (chikv), has been the documented cause of two large outbreaks in east africa; however, little is known about the contribution of onnv to cases of acute febrile illness during interepidemic periods. an onnv real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) was developed and evaluated using clinical and mosquito pool samples. the onnv rrt-pcr linear range extended from 8.0 to 2.0 log10 copies/μl, and t ... | 2017 | 28719301 |
| bibliometric study of international scientific production in o'nyong-nyong virus during the years 1962-2016. | | 2017 | 27296554 |
| o'nyong-nyong fever: a neglected mosquito-borne viral disease. | o'nyong nyong virus (onnv), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is primarily transmitted through the bite of anopheles funestus and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, which are also malaria parasite vectors in africa. the virus, first isolated in uganda in 1959, is endemic in sub-saharan africa and has caused several major outbreaks both in west and east africa. onnv fever, characterized by severe arthralgia, is similar to chikungunya fever, with the exception of cervical lymphadenitis, which is peculiar to ... | 2017 | 28829253 |