| results of a preliminary seroepidemiological survey for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in egypt. | | 1978 | 25013 |
| a comparative study of the crimean hemorrhagic fever-congo group of viruses. | twelve strains of the crimean hemorrhagic fever (chf)-congo group of viruses the bunyaviridae family were investigated with respect to sensitivity to lipid solvents and temperature, pathogenicity for animals, interactions with cell cultures and antigenic relationships. complement fixation, agar gel diffusion and precipitation, immunofluorescence and neutralization tests showed hazara virus to have a number of features distinguishing it from the other antigenic type of the chf-congo group. | 1979 | 94536 |
| experiences with the adaptation of crimean hemorrhagic fever virus to the cv-1 monkey cell line. | of several cell lines tested, the cv-1 monkey cell line proved to be the most suitable system for propagation of crimean hemorrhagic fever (chf) virus. two chf strains could be adapted to this cell line by serial passaging. the viral progeny from these passages was specifically cytocidal and produced plaques in cv-1 cells, which could be used in serological diagnosis of chf. after adaptation of chf virus to cv-1 cells, the rate of virus synthesis was more rapid, but the yield of virus produced b ... | 1975 | 241233 |
| electron microscopic demonstration of crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in cv-1 cells. | crimean hemorrhagic fever (chf) virus was detected by electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of cv-1 cells. the virus particles appeared spherical or oval and occurred both intra- and extracellularly. based on their size and density of their contents, two types of virions, probably representing different phases of the reproduction cycle of chf virus, could be distinguished. | 1975 | 241239 |
| [the first isolation of the crimean hemorraghic fever virus in yugoslavia]. | | 1977 | 414441 |
| presence of antibody to arboviruses of the crimean haemorrhagic fever-congo (chf-congo) group in human beings and domestic animals in india. | | 1976 | 828146 |
| risk of human infections with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in a south african rural community. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is widely distributed in wild and domestic mammals, birds, and ticks throughout many regions of africa, europe, and asia. interviews were conducted with 484 individuals from nine farms in the republic of south africa from which recent human cchf cases had originated and with individuals from 27 farms without recognized cases. serum samples were obtained from all consenting individuals. blood was also drawn from 2,212 farm animals. human infection with ... | 1992 | 1524147 |
| sexual and transovarian transmission of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus in hyalomma truncatum ticks. | male hyalomma truncatum ticks were inoculated with crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus, hypostomectomized and then allowed to mate with uninfected females feeding on a naive rabbit. after mating, cchf virus was reisolated from 2 out of 3 males tested and from 4 of 6 mated, engorged females (titre greater than or equal to 2.2 log ld50/ml). vertical transmission was then demonstrated by virus reisolation from a portion of 2 of the 6 batches of eggs laid by the positive females. from thes ... | 1992 | 1565850 |
| [an evaluation of the status of natural foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the crimea]. | parasitological data, the results of virological and serological investigations of materials, collected in nature and during the study of the immune structure of the population and indicative of the circulation of cchf, virus in the crimea and the possibility of human infection, are presented. the data on the spontaneous cchf virus infection of 4 tick species belonging to the genus ixodes have been confirmed, and evidence on the participation of dermacentor marginatus in this process obtained fo ... | 1991 | 1759520 |
| viraemic transmission of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus to ticks. | in order to determine the way in which vertebrates infected with crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus and potential ixodid tick vectors interact in nature, immature and adult ticks of several species were fed on viraemic mammals and then assayed for virus content at varying times after feeding. cchf virus was not isolated from ticks of six species tested after feeding as adults and immature forms on sheep with viraemia of 10(2.5-3.2) ld 50/ml, nor from larval ticks fed on guinea-pigs an ... | 1991 | 1902186 |
| geographical distribution of arboviruses in yugoslavia. | studies of arboviruses started in yugoslavia in 1953 following the isolation of tbe virus which caused a severe epidemic that year. until now the following viruses have been proven to circulate in the country: tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf), bhanja (bha), sandfly fever (sf), tahyna (tah), calovo (cvo), west nile (wn), dengue (den), jug bogdanovac (jb), and hantaviruses. tbe virus is endemic in the north-west part of the country, causing also epidemics in cy ... | 1991 | 1658128 |
| comparison of the s rna segments and nucleoprotein sequences of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, hazara, and dugbe viruses. | the s rna segments of the nairoviruses crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus (chinese isolate) and hazara (haz) virus were cloned and sequenced from pcr products. the rnas comprise 1672 and 1677 nucleotides, respectively, and each encodes a protein in the viral complementary strand (54.0 and 54.2 kda, respectively). the deduced protein sequences show homology to each other and to the nucleoprotein of dugbe (dug) nairovirus, although both the cchf and haz viral proteins are larger. alignme ... | 1992 | 1641991 |
| replication and tissue tropisms of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in experimentally infected adult hyalomma truncatum (acari: ixodidae). | adult hyalomma truncatum koch ticks were inoculated intracoelomically with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus to examine tissue tropisms of this virus in ticks. virus was recovered from all 185 ticks examined between 2 and 42 d after inoculation with cchf virus. titers or virus recovered from unfed male and female ticks were essentially the same (means, 10(2.4) and 10(2.5) plaque-forming units [pfu] per tick, respectively). infection rates and titers recovered per gland for both saliva ... | 1992 | 1404255 |
| [an assessment of the status of natural foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the crimea]. | the parasitological data and the results of the virological and serological investigations of materials, collected in nature and in the course of study of the immune structure of the population, are indicative of the circulation of chf virus in the crimea and the possibility of human infection. data on spontaneous infection of four species of ixodes ticks with chf virus have been confirmed, including the data, obtained for the first time for this region, on the participation of dermacentor margi ... | 1992 | 1379771 |
| precipitating antibodies to crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in human sera collected in hungary. | agar-gel diffusion precipitation test was carried out with crimean haemorrhagic fever (chf) virus as antigen in serum samples collected in four areas of hungary from 587 persons working in contact with animals, and in 169 animal sera collected in hajdu-bihar county, hungary. antibody was found in 17 human sera. all these but one, originating from a slaughterhouse worker in budapest, had been collected from hajdú-bihar county. the highest titre was 1:16. all the animal sera proved to be negative. ... | 1976 | 829015 |
| [cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in astrakhan province]. | the paper briefly presents clinical, epidemiological, virological and serological data on cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in astrakhan province. the results indicate annual infection of the regions population with cchf virus, the main mode of transmission being vector-borne. the advantages of the fluorescence antibody technique and enzyme immunoassay-for diagnosis of the disease were demonstrated. | 1990 | 2145698 |
| morphology and morphogenesis of crimean hemorrhagic fever virus. | morphological characteristics of crimean hemorrhagic fever virus indicate that it is closely related to the bunyaviridae family. however, there are some features (e.g. formation of crystal-like patterns in infected cells) demonstrating differences to the other known bunyaviridae. | 1976 | 816333 |
| experimantal congo virus (ib -an 7620) infection in primates. | three primates inoculated with congo virus (cv) developed viremia. the animals showed neither any rise in rectal temperature, nor signs of overt disease; however, in one of them pruritus and rash were observed. skin biopsy revealed vasculitis and hemorrhage. by complement fixation, neutralization and gel diffusion tests cv antibodies were demonstrated in the convalescent sera of the three animals. | 1975 | 814708 |
| [titration of the antibodies to the crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in a drop of the cell suspension from infected tissue cultures by means of indirect immunofluorescence]. | a comparatively simple method has been developed and tested for the detection and titration of antibody to crimean hemorrhagic fever virus (chf) by indirect immunofluorescence on slides with previously prepared acetone-inactivated virus in drops of cell suspension from infected bhk-21 and 6619 cell cultures. the antibody titers determined by the indirect immunofluorescence procedures were 4- and 8-fold higher than those determined by the complement-fixation test. this opens the possibility of us ... | 1977 | 412325 |
| [study of the physicochemical properties, morphology and morphogenesis of the chf-congo group arboviruses for the purpose of determining the taxonomic position of these agents in the system of modern classification]. | | 1977 | 407739 |
| [study of the circulation of crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in turkmenistan]. | final results of the virological and serological investigations of the circulation of the crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in the turkmenian ssr carried out in 1968-1976 are presented in this report. in the examination of 2294 blood serum samples of human beings complement binding antibodies against the crimean hemorrhagic fever were revealed in 0.4% of cases. it was revealed that five species of ixodes ticks could he infected with this virus; for the first time its strains were also isolated fro ... | 1978 | 146992 |
| [importance of ixodid ticks in the transmission and preservation of the causative agent of crimean hemorrhagic fever in foci of the infection]. | experimental infection of hyalomma plumbeum panz., rhipicephalus rossicus jak. et k. jak. and dermacentor marginatus sulz. with the virus of the crimean hemorrhagic fever has shown that preimaginal phases of the above ticks easily receive an infection agent from the infected donor, preserve it for a long time, transmit it through a bite during feeding to susceptible animals; during metamorphosis they transmit this agent to the subsequent developmental phases as well as to the progeny of the infe ... | 1976 | 134339 |
| [case of a laboratory infection with the crimean hemorrhagic fever virus]. | | 1975 | 128962 |
| antibody prevalence against haemorrhagic fever viruses in randomized representative central african populations. | between 1985 and 1987, 5,070 randomly selected persons living in 6 central african countries (cameroon, central african republic, chad, congo, equatorial guinea and gabon) were checked for serological evidence of haemorrhagic fever. rural and urban areas were studied, including ecoclimatic zones ranging from dry savana to tropical rain forest. virus-reactive antibodies were found with all antigens tested, and the global prevalence of positive sera was distributed as follows: crimean-congo haemor ... | 1989 | 2505350 |
| the epidemiology of tick-borne crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in asia, europe, and africa. | | 1979 | 113533 |
| the serological relationships of nairobi sheep disease virus. | | 1978 | 101557 |
| prospects for treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug. | ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, is active against hemorrhagic fever viruses (with the exception of ebola virus) in cell culture systems. in model infections with arenaviruses in guinea pigs and monkeys, ribavirin has demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. in therapeutic studies it has not prevented late-onset neurologic disease. in human cases of lassa fever, it significantly reduces mortality when administered before day 7 of illness to persons at high risk. in rod ... | 1989 | 2546248 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever and rift valley fever in south-eastern mauritania. | | 1985 | 2857020 |
| [serological and arachno-entomological investigation of natural foci of crimean hemorrhagic fever in various regions of yugoslavia]. | | 1978 | 100964 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, thogoto, dugbe, and jos viruses isolated from ixodid ticks in ethiopia. | from 1974 through 1976, u.s. naval medical research unit no. 5 isolated 25 strain of tick-borne virus in infant mice from 410 pools containing over 6,000 ticks, and one strain from a bird and one strain from a rodent collected in central and southern ethiopia. of these, 17 were identified as known viruses previously found in west central and east africa. there were 8 strains of jos virus from amblyomma ticks; 7 strains of dugbe virus from a bird, a rodent and from ticks; 1 strains of crimean-con ... | 1978 | 98066 |
| physicochemical characteristics, morphology and morphogenesis of virions of the causative agent of crimean hemorrhagic fever. | similar physicochemical characteristics were found with strains of crimean hemorrhagic fever (chf) and congo viruses. the particle size, sedimentation coefficient, buoyant density, weight of the particles as well as morphology and morphogenesis of these viruses were similar to those of other members of the bunyaviridae family. data are presented on reproduction of chf virus in cell cultures and on the inner structure of its virion. | 1977 | 18425 |
| prevalence of crimean haemorrhagic fever--congo virus in jammu & kashmir state. | | 1986 | 3093378 |
| serological evidence of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever viral infection among camels imported into egypt. | a serosurvey was conducted during 1986-87 to determine evidence of prior crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) viral infection among camels imported into egypt from sudan and kenya. sera obtained from camesl arriving at the aswan quarantine station, southern egypt, were tested for cchf antibody by the agar gel diffusion (agd) and the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques. cchf viral antibody was demonstrated in 14% (600/4301) of the camels, with both techniques yielding similar result ... | 1990 | 2112203 |
| [antiviral and immunostimulating effect of maleic anhydride copolymers in experimental neuroviral infections]. | the virus-inhibiting and immunostimulating activity of soviet preparations, maleic anhydride copolymers, was demonstrated in alpha-, flavi-, and bunyavirus infections. positive results were obtained in subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculations of the preparations used in prophylactic and therapeutic-prophylactic schedules. stimulation of vaccination immunity was observed after combined use of copolymers and the vaccine against eastern equine encephalomyelitis. | 1986 | 3099477 |
| survey of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) for crimean haemorrhagic fever virus activity in jammu & kashmir state, india. | a survey of ixodid ticks was carried on in 1977 to determine the crimean haemorrhagic fever (chf) virus activity in jammu & kashmir state, india. in all, 412 immatures and 3258 adults belonging to 7 genera and 16 species of ticks were collected as ectoparasites of small and large mammals. these included one species each of the genera boophilus, dermacentor and nosomma, 2 species of rhipicephalus, 3 species of ixodes and 4 species each of haemaphysalis and hyalomma. haem. bispinosa was the predom ... | 1990 | 2111801 |
| risk factors for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in rural northern senegal. | the extent of infection among 722 residents of an enzootic focus of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus in rural northern senegal and putative modes of transmission were studied by a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey done from february through may 1989. anti-cchf virus igg was found in 13.1% of 283 persons who completed a standard questionnaire and provided blood samples. seropositivity rates were similar between sexes and increased significantly with age among nomadic persons. beha ... | 1991 | 1910069 |
| comparative studies on the vector capacity of the different stages of amblyomma variegatum fabricius and hyalomma rufipes koch for congo virus, after intracoelomic inoculation. | groups of nymphs and adults of hyalomma rufipes and larvae, nymphs and adults of amblyomma variegatum were infected by intracoelomic inoculation with congo virus at concentrations of 10(3.5)ld50 (group a), 10(1.5)ld50 (group b) and 10(0.5)ld50 (group c). the infection rates for the different groups were: groups a, 92-100% for all stages of ticks, except for adult h. rufipes which had 87%; group b, 56.8, 68.1 and 50.7% for larvae, nymphs and adults of a. variegatum, respectively, and 96.3 and 84. ... | 1991 | 1907050 |
| a reference preparation for human immunoglobulin against crimean/congo hemorrhagic fever. | | 1991 | 1904746 |
| [the virus carriage of ticks, vectors of the causative agent of crimean hemorrhagic fever]. | the study of ixodes ticks collected in astrakhan province in 1982-1987 has revealed spontaneous infection with crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in 4 species. it has been established that a proportion of the infected ck suspensions from the imago hyalomma marginatum marginatum (a back-ground species for the given region) was 3.6% as measured by the method of mouse infection and 8.9% as measured by the enzyme immunoassay. the advantages of the enzyme immunoassay as a method for crimean hemorrhagic ... | 1991 | 1829784 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus replication in adult hyalomma truncatum and amblyomma variegatum ticks. | the kinetics of the replication of the crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) was studied in intra-anally inoculated adult hyalomma truncatum and amblyomma variegatum ticks. the virus was re-isolated by suckling mouse inoculation and revealed by antigen capture with ground ticks and indirect immunofluorescence of haemolymph. the virus was detected in ticks in the first hours post-inoculation (p.i.) and its replication was observed from 36 h p.i. onwards. virus titre reached a maximum wit ... | 1991 | 1803413 |
| transmission of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus from experimentally infected sheep to hyalomma truncatum ticks. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus was inoculated into west african sheep that were simultaneously infested with adult hyalomma truncatum ticks. certain sheep developed a viraemia and antibodies, indicating virus infection and replication; however, the length and magnitude of the viraemia and serological responses corresponded to the animals' immunological status. tick attachment and feeding was not influenced by sheep infection. cchf virus infection was acquired by 11-33% of female a ... | 1991 | 1771294 |
| rna probes detect nucleotide sequence homology between members of two different nairovirus serogroups. | cloned cdna derived from the small (s) and medium (m) genomic rna segments of dugbe (dug) virus, isolate ard44313, a member of the nairobi sheep disease (nsd) serogroup of nairoviruses (family, bunyaviridae) was used to prepare 32p-labelled dna and rna probes. the s and m segments of six isolates of dug virus all hybridised to both dna and rna probes, although the m segment of isolate kt281/75 reacted only weakly. of nine other nairoviruses tested, representing all the six other serogroups withi ... | 1990 | 2112292 |
| replication of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in four species of ixodid ticks (acari) infected experimentally. | the vector potentials of hyalomma dromedarii koch, h. impeltatum schulze & schlottke, h. truncatum koch, and rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus (ibar 10200) were evaluated by intracoelomic inoculation. all three hyalomma species became infected; infection rates ranged between 80 and 100% at 7-14 d after inoculation, and viral titers increased in unfed specimens almost 100 times above inoculation levels within the first week following infection. ... | 1990 | 2117664 |
| use of heat inactivated viral haemorrhagic fever antigens in serological assays. | heating for 1 h at 60 degrees c completely destroyed the infectivity of sucrose-acetone-extracted antigen of rift valley (rvf) and congo crimean haemorrhagic fever (cchf), as well as of rvf- and cchf-infected mouse brain. these antigens could be successfully used, however, for complement fixation and igm-capturing enzyme immunoassay. vero e6 cell suspensions infected with hantaviruses such as hantaan 76-118, tchoupitoulas, sr 11, gb-b, cg 18-20, hällnäs, cg 13891, seoul and prospect hill, as wel ... | 1988 | 3146583 |
| distribution of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viral antibody in senegal: environmental and vectorial correlates. | the spatial pattern in senegal of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus igg antibody prevalence in human and sheep was determined as was the relative abundance of potential tick vectors. a systematic, country-wide serological survey of sheep demonstrated that 10.4% of sheep exhibited igg to cchf virus. sexes were infected equally. antibody prevalence increased with age from 2.1% during the first year to 18.2% among sheep greater than or equal to 3 years of age. igg prevalence was highest ... | 1990 | 2122750 |
| a fatal case of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in mauritania: virological and serological evidence suggesting epidemic transmission. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), a tick-borne viral zoonosis, is focally endemic throughout parts of eurasia, the middle east and africa. in sub-saharan west africa only 2 previous cases, both non-fatal, have been reported. we documented a fatal human case of cchf in south-western mauritania during may 1988 by demonstrating cchf virus-specific class m antibodies and by isolating cchf virus. five of 7 other patients simultaneously in hospital with haemorrhagic fever symptoms also exhibite ... | 1990 | 2128671 |
| a common-source outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever on a dairy farm. | an outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) on a dairy farm in the orange free state in 1984 is described. forty-six cows were purchased from the western cape province in january 1984; 2 died from the tick-borne disease anaplasmosis in march and a labourer who helped butcher the carcasses became ill a few days later. another cow died at the end of april and within 9 days 4 people who had come into contact with its blood became ill. antibodies to cchf virus were found in the sera of th ... | 1985 | 3933131 |
| characteristics of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (xinjiang strain) in china. | virus strains isolated from blood of patients during a hemorrhagic fever outbreak in 1968 in southern xinjiang, china, from hyalomma asiaticum and from sheep, were found to be identical or closely related to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (c-chf) virus by complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence tests with convalescent sera of patients and with c-chf reference antibody. the virus was inactivated by ether and acid. viral synthesis was not suppressed by 5-iododeoxyuridine suggesting an ... | 1985 | 2422968 |
| experimental transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus by hyalomma truncatum koch. | larval hyalomma truncatum ticks were infected with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus by allowing them to engorge on viremic newborn mice. the overall tick infection rate was 4.4% (24/542). virus was detected in specimens for greater than or equal to 160 days postinfection. transstadial transmission to the adult tick stage was observed and horizontal transmission to a mammalian host was demonstrated. horizontal transmission of cchf virus to uninfected adult ticks occurred while feeding ... | 1989 | 2493203 |
| experimental studies on the replication and transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in some african tick species. | seven african tick species were studied as potential vectors of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. engorged nymphae of 4 ixodid species, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus, and amblyomma hebraeum, were inoculated intracoelomically with cchf virus and assayed for virus content at varying times post-inoculation. the virus replicated in all 4 species, reaching maximum titers of 4.6-5.5(10) fluorescence focus units per ml on days 5-9 post-inoculatio ... | 1989 | 2494900 |
| [indication of the antigen to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in vector ticks using a solid-phase immunoenzyme technic]. | paper presents the results of a successful use of a solid-phase immunoassay for indication of the antigen of hemorrhagic fever-crimean--congo virus in lays and half-fed female-ticks hyalomma marginatum marginatum koch (1795) collected in endemic area, which adds to our knowledge of this disease focus activity. | 1989 | 2496286 |
| viremia and antibody response of small african and laboratory animals to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. | eleven species of small african wild mammals, laboratory rabbits, guinea pigs, and syrian hamsters were infected with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. low-titered viremia followed by development of antibody was observed in scrub hares (lepus saxatilis), cape ground squirrels (xerus inauris), red veld rats (aethomys chrysophilus), white tailed rats (mystromys albicaudatus), bushveld gerbils (tatera leucogaster), striped mice (rhabdomys pumilio), and guinea pigs. the maximum viremic t ... | 1989 | 2499205 |
| antibody response in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | igg and igm antibodies became demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence on days 7 to 9 of illness in 35 survivors of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. maximum titers of antibody were usually attained in the second to third week of illness. titers of igm declined gradually thereafter and were low or negative by the fourth month. in some patients titers of igg increased markedly between 2 and 4 months after onset of illness and remained readily demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence 3 years ... | 1989 | 2501854 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus in iraq: isolation, identification and electron microscopy. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus was isolated for the first time in iraq from the blood of three patients. it caused a cytopathic effect in lamb kidney and bhk-21 cell cultures. the virus particles were spherical, enveloped and had 90 nm in diameter similar particles were found in ultrathin sections of the liver from two fatal cases. the isolated virus proved to be antigenically closely related to cchf virus. | 1980 | 6111209 |
| taxonomic features of causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. | | 1982 | 6121241 |
| isolation of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever and rift valley fever viruses in upper volta. | | 1984 | 6144896 |
| close relationship of crimean hemorrhagic fever-congo (chf-c) virus strains by neutralizing antibody assays. | strains of crimean hemorrhagic fever-congo (chf-c) virus originating in widely separated points representing diverse zoogeograhiczl and ecological areas were compared by a neutralization of fluorescent foci of infection-test, in an attempt to determine whether antigenic differences could be detected among the strains. minor differences were found which could be confirmed by reciprocal kinetic neutralization tests with one-injection immune sera if the results were analyzed by linear regression. h ... | 1980 | 6157333 |
| [characteristics of the monoclonal antibodies induced by the crimean hemorrhagic fever virus]. | twelve lines of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mca) have been generated by fusion of spleen lymphocytes of balb/c mice immunized with crude crimean hemorrhagic fever virus (chf). the hybridomas multiply actively in vitro (over 50 passages) and as ascitic tumors in the abdominal cavity of balb/c mice. mca were characterized by indirect immunofluorescence (if), complement fixation (cf), biological neutralization test (nt), agar gel diffuse precipitation tests, and by the type of immun ... | 1989 | 2503939 |
| exotic viral diseases. | marburg virus disease, lassa fever, monkeypox, and ebola virus diseases of humans have all been recognized since 1967. these are examples of some of the exotic virus diseases which through importation may present a potential public health problem in the united states. some of these viruses are also highly hazardous to laboratory and medical personnel. this paper is a review of the general characteristics, the epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of the exotic viruses which have been described ... | 1980 | 6246685 |
| inhibition of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viral infectivity yields in vitro by ribavirin. | ribavirin was evaluated as a potential therapeutic for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf). viral yields for strains of cchf virus from europe, asia, and africa in african green monkey kidney (vero) cells were markedly reduced by this drug. some cchf viral strains appeared more sensitive than others, but in general, ribavirin doses as low as 5 micrograms/ml caused a transient reduction of viral yields. a further reduction in viral yields was induced by a dose of 25 micrograms/ml, and evidence ... | 1989 | 2510529 |
| antibodies to haemorrhagic fever viruses in madagascar populations. | sera of 381 adult people from 5 areas in madagascar were tested by the indirect immunofluorescence method for antibodies against congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever and rift valley fever viruses (bunyaviridae), ebola (strains zaire and sudan) and marburg viruses (filoviridae), and lassa virus (arenaviridae). the highest prevalence rate was that of ebola virus (4.5%). as no haemorrhagic syndrome has been found associated with this virus, the possible presence of a less pathogenic, antigenically rela ... | 1989 | 2515626 |
| [preliminary study on antigenicity of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus]. | | 1983 | 6411347 |
| [studies on the characteristics of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus. i. serological relationship between crimian-congo hemorrhagic fever virus and xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus]. | | 1983 | 6414711 |
| [characteristics of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus. ii. physicochemical properties of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus]. | | 1983 | 6414712 |
| [characteristics of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus. iii. electron microscopic observation of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus]. | | 1983 | 6414713 |
| detection of crimean haemorrhagic fever virus antigen by solid phase enzyme immunosorbent assay. | solid phase enzyme immunosorbent assay (speia) is described for detection of the crimean haemorrhagic fever (chf) virus antigen in suspensions of ticks collected in the natural focus. | 1985 | 2859768 |
| epidemiologic and clinical features of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in southern africa. | following the diagnosis in 1981 of the first case of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in south africa, an antibody survey was undertaken on cattle sera to determine the distribution of the virus and specific diagnostic tests were routinely applied to specimens from suspected cases of hemorrhagic fever to establish the medical significance of its presence. antibody to cchf virus was demonstrated by reversed passive hemagglutination-inhibition technique in 2,460/8,667 (28%) cattle sera and i ... | 1987 | 3101525 |
| antibody to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild mammals from southern africa. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is becoming increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen in southern africa. in order to determine the role of wild mammals in the natural ecology of the virus, sera from 3,772 wild mammals of 87 species and from 1,978 domestic dogs collected in south africa and zimbabwe between 1964 and 1985 were tested for antibody to cchf virus by reversed passive hemagglutination inhibition (rphi) and by indirect immunofluorescence (if). antibody was fou ... | 1987 | 3101526 |
| preliminary report on arbovirus-antibody prevalence among patients in kuwait: evidence of congo/crimean virus infection. | from two major hospitals in kuwait 502 sera were randomly selected from patients during the period december 1979 to october 1982. serological investigations demonstrated flavivirus activity in the area and antibody to congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever virus was found in 4% of the samples. clinical data indicate that some cases may have been due to recent congo/crimean virus infection. | 1984 | 6435292 |
| rapid diagnosis of human crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever and detection of the virus in naturally infected ticks. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) in human serum samples. for this test, a heat-inactivated antigen was prepared from the brains of suckling mice infected with cchf virus. the igm-capture elisa proved more sensitive than indirect fluorescence tests for igm to this virus. a human serum containing high-titer igm to cchf virus was used for an antigen-capture elisa to detect this virus in ... | 1987 | 3108314 |
| could crimea-congo haemorrhagic fever be a biohazard in the central african republic? | | 1986 | 3111034 |
| preparation and use of monoclonal antibodies for identifying crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | seven monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a south african strain of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus and were found to be directed against viral nucleocapsid protein. five of the monoclonal antibodies reacted to high titer in indirect immunofluorescence (if) tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) with 22 strains of cchf virus and failed to cross-react with the closest antigenic relative of cchf, hazara virus, or with 4 other nairoviruses which need to be disting ... | 1987 | 3116871 |
| [growth characteristics of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus propagating in primary kidney cells of mouse]. | | 1984 | 6443073 |
| [pathogenic microbiology of international communicable diseases]. | | 1980 | 6771443 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: epidemiology, symptomatology, management and prognosis]. | | 1980 | 6771445 |
| evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reversed passive hemagglutination for detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus antigen. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a reversed passive hemagglutination (rpha) test were evaluated for rapid detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus antigens. both rpha and elisa detected cchf antigen in the brains of infant mice 2 to 3 days after infection, several days before the animals sickened and died. antigen was also detected after 1 to 2 days in infected cell culture extracts and after 2 to 4 days in culture supernatant fluids. both tests detected cchf antige ... | 1988 | 3125221 |
| viral hemorrhagic fever antibodies in nigerian populations. | using the immunofluorescence test, a serosurvey for antibodies to five viral agents associated with hemorrhagic febrile infections was conducted with 1,677 human sera from different parts of nigeria. three hundred fifty-seven (21.3%) were positive for lassa virus antibody, while antibodies to rift valley fever virus were detected in 42 (2.5%) of the sera. testing for rift valley fever virus antibody was confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. antibodies to ebola and marburg viruses we ... | 1988 | 3128130 |
| field and laboratory investigation of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (nairovirus, family bunyaviridae) infection in birds. | in november 1984 a case of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) occurred in a worker who became ill after slaughtering ostriches (struthio camelus) on a farm near oudtshoorn in the cape province of south africa. the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of cchf virus from the patient's serum and by demonstration of a specific antibody response. it was suspected that infection was acquired either by contact with ostrich blood or by inadvertently crushing infected hyalomma ticks while skinning o ... | 1987 | 3140434 |
| first isolation of congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in madagascar. | | 1988 | 3144994 |
| a nosocomial outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever at tygerberg hospital. part iii. clinical pathology and pathogenesis. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) was diagnosed in 8 patients; 7 were staff members at tygerberg hospital who had been infected by a patient in whom the disease had not initially been diagnosed. two patients, the initial case and a staff member, died and 4 became seriously ill. the immunopathogenesis of cchf appears to be multifactorial. certain features were common to all patients--leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzyme values and low serum total protein levels. ultrastructur ... | 1985 | 3933128 |
| a nosocomial outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever at tygerberg hospital. part v. virological and serological observations. | a nosocomial outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever occurred in tygerberg hospital near cape town in september 1984 when 7 medical personnel became ill after admission of an index patient. the disease was fatal in the index and 1 secondary case, and was confirmed in the index and 6 secondary cases by isolation of the virus. an antibody response was demonstrated in the remaining patient, thought to be a tertiary case, but the fact that the patient received immune plasma therapy raises doubt ... | 1985 | 3933129 |
| investigations following initial recognition of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in south africa and the diagnosis of 2 further cases. | sera from 124 cattle herds were tested, and antibodies to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) were found in 93 herds. the prevalence of antibodies was high in the interior of the country, in excess of 90% in some herds, but was less than 4% in cattle along the coast from cape town to east london. only 17 out of 1109 (1,5%) human residents of 55 farms had antibodies to cchf, while none of 164 veterinary research workers or 98 veterinarians engaged in farm animal practice had them. specimens f ... | 1985 | 3933132 |
| [recognition of natural foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in yugoslavia]. | | 1985 | 3939701 |
| haemorrhagic fever caused by crimean congo haemorrhagic fever virus in mauritania. | | 1985 | 4002301 |
| antibodies to hemorrhagic fever viruses in domestic livestock in niger: rift valley fever and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | a repository of domestic animal sera collected in niger between 1984 and 1988 was assayed for antibody against two zoonotic hemorrhagic fever viruses known to be present in the west african sahel. a total of 2,540 serum samples from 2,324 cattle, sheep, goats, and camels were tested by an igg-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the 80% plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt80) for rift valley fever (rvf) virus antibody. of the 2,540 sera tested for rvf-specific igg antibod ... | 1995 | 7573699 |
| seroepidemiology of congo virus (related to the virus of crimean haemorrhagic fever) in nigeria. | a survey for neutralizing antibodies to congo virus was carried out in nigeria. of a total sample population of 250, comprising 141 males and 109 females, 9 males and 15 females had antibody levels >/= 1.5 log neutralization index. in the age group 0-10 years 4 of 84 males and 14 of 79 females had antibody levels >/= 1.5 log neutralization index. there was no evidence of nonspecific antiviral activity in the sera tested. | 1974 | 4219295 |
| [rapid solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis for detecting viral antigens]. | a method of rapid direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay cutting the time of the test down to 50 min has been developed using immunoglobulin from mouse immune ascitic fluid to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | 1984 | 6098999 |
| congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever in dubai. an outbreak at the rashid hospital. | a hospital outbreak of haemorrhagic fever took place in dubai in november, 1979. the index case died in the casualty department shortly after admission. there were five secondary cases among hospital staff, two of whom died. when, 3 months after this outbreak, a patient with symptoms characteristic of haemorrhagic fever was admitted, immediate barrier nursing prevented further secondary cases. | 1980 | 6107588 |
| a method for increasing the surface details of resin embedded viruses using congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever virus as a model. | the surface details of resin embedded viruses can be greatly enhanced by the use of uranyl acetate block staining. the virions are embedded in agar immediately after fixation and block stained with 3% uranyl acetate in methanol during dehydration. this technique allows those particles outside their host cells to show clearly the spikes normally seen only by the separate use of negative staining. | 1984 | 6200490 |
| biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) and human health. | | 1983 | 6312046 |
| reversed passive hemagglutination and inhibition with rift valley fever and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viruses. | reversed passive hemagglutination (rpha) tests were performed by coating glutaraldehyde-fixed and tannic acid-treated sheep erthrocytes with antibodies to rift valley fever (rvf) and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) viruses. cells coated with crude antibody, in the form of mouse immune ascitic fluid, reacted with high specificity and sensitivity in rpha tests with live or inactivated virus antigens. in inhibition (rphi) tests, rvf antibody titers in human and sheep sera were similar to tho ... | 1983 | 6407347 |
| antibodies to congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever, dhori, thogoto and bhanja viruses in southern portugal. | dhori and thogoto viruses have been isolated from ticks in portugal. in this country favourable ecologic conditions exist for other tick-borne viruses such as bhanja and congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever (c-chf) viruses. a serological survey for antibodies to these 4 tick-borne viruses in 258 human and 141 goat sera was done using the plaque reduction neutralization (prn) and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests. six human sera were found with antibodies to dhori (2), thogoto (2) and c-chf ( ... | 1985 | 2864836 |
| hemorrhagic fever virus infections in an isolated rainforest area of central liberia. limitations of the indirect immunofluorescence slide test for antibody screening in africa. | serum samples from 119 healthy individuals and 106 epilepsy patients inhabiting grand bassa county, liberia, were tested for antibodies to hemorrhagic fever viruses (hfv) by indirect immunofluorescence. e6 vero cells infected with lassa fever virus (las), rift valley fever virus (rvf), congo hemorrhagic fever virus (con), marburg virus (mbg) and the ebola (ebo) virus strains mayinga (may) and boniface (bon) were used as antigen. to obtain reproducible and specific test results sera had to be abs ... | 1986 | 3092415 |
| detection of human antibodies to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus using expressed viral nucleocapsid protein. | diagnosis of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus infections is hampered by the problems of handling this human pathogen, which requires the highest levels of biological containment. recombinant antigens were examined for their potential as non-hazardous diagnostic reagents. the nucleocapsid (n) gene of the greek ap92 isolate of cchf virus was sequenced from cloned pcr products and the open reading frame was identified by homology to the n protein of a chinese isolate of cchf virus. the ... | 1994 | 8077915 |
| comparison of methods for isolation and titration of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | the fluorescence focus assay and the plaque assay in cer cells were compared with mouse inoculation for the isolation and titration of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. the fluorescence focus assay and the plaque assay were of similar sensitivity, but both produced 10- to 100-fold lower titers than did mouse inoculation. for specimens from 26 crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever patients in south africa, virus was isolated from 20 by mouse inoculation and from only 11 by cell culturing. although ... | 1986 | 3095367 |
| prevalence of antibodies to crimean-haemorrhagic fever-congo virus in cattle in northern nigeria. | a seroepidemiological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies to crimean-haemorrhagic fever - congo(chf-c) virus among cattle in 3 ranches with varying degree of tick infestation. sera were collected from 1164 animals and were tested by agar gel diffusion precipitation test (agpt) for antibodies to chf-c virus. about 25.7% of the sera had precipitating antibodies against chf-c virus. there was no significant difference in the prevalence of antibodies between the ranches ... | 1983 | 6427128 |
| [rapid diagnosis of crimean hemorrhagic fever in the indirect reaction to hemagglutination]. | the possibility of using indirect hemagglutination test (iha) with erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnosticum for detection of chf virus in the blood of patients early after the onset was studied. it was shown that viremia could be detected by the iha test within 2-3 hours provided the blood was collected not later that 8 days after the onset of the disease. the sensitivity of the test for the detection of viremia is as high as that of bioassays. the iha test may also be used for the detection of c ... | 1984 | 6440359 |
| [detection of the antigens of the virus of congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever by solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis and by the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. | from a batch of immunoglobulin to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, an immunosorbent and a conjugate with peroxidase (rz-2.7) for solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (eia) as well as erythrocyte diagnostic preparation for indirect hemagglutination test (iha) were obtained. direct eia and iha were used to study the time course of accumulation of virus antigen in brain tissue of newborn white mice. antigen titres by eia were 4-8 times as low as by iha. no functional relationship was found between ... | 1984 | 6442044 |
| [etiology and serology of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever]. | | 1984 | 6442623 |
| congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever in iraq: a seroepidemiological survey. | a seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever virus activity in iraq was carried out during 1979 and 1980. sera were collected from 1680 people including contacts of known patients, abattoir workers and animal husbandry workers in various parts of the country. these were tested by complement fixation and agar gel precipitin tests. among patients' relatives and contacts, 29% had antibodies to congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever; 11% of hospital staff, 7 ... | 1981 | 6787211 |