| degradation of myxovirus virion rna by periodate. | extensively degraded rna was isolated from virions of influenza virus which had been oxidized with sodium m-periodate. similarly, although to a lesser extent, rna isolated from periodate-treated ribonucleoprotein of influenza virus was also degraded. in contrast, influenza virus rna, if first freed from other virion components, was not degraded by periodate oxidation. | 1975 | 344 |
| inhibition of newcastle disease virus replication by 6-azauridine. ii. combination of 6-azauridine and adenine derivatives. | twenty-five metabolites (purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleosides) were tested for their simultaneous action with 6-azauridine (azurd) in inhibition of newcastle disease virus (ndv) replication. with the exception of deoxyadenosine and cyclic amp all natural adenine derivatives exerted a synergic effect with azurd like atp. glutamine in combination with azurd did not inhibit ndv replication. the inhibitory effect of the combination of azurd and adenine derivatives was reversible by guan ... | 1976 | 5863 |
| interferon-producing capacity of human tonsil cells and properties of interferon produced by these cells. | tonsils excised from human beings for chronic tonsillitis have been shown to be an accessible and sufficiently rich source of human lymphocytes. tonsil cells produced interferon as intensively as blood leukocytes and the properties of this interferon were similar to those of leukocyte interferon. the optimal conditions for interferon production by tonsil cells were established. | 1976 | 5865 |
| formation of interferon with chicken species-specificity in bacterial cells. | | 1976 | 5875 |
| inhibition of newcastle disease virus replication by 6-azauridine. i. inefficacy of purified uridine kinase, effect of adenosine-5'-triphosphate. | as distinct from cell-free extracts prepared from tumour cells, partially purified uridine kinase prepared from the same cells was not effective in 6-azauridine (azurd) inhibition of newcastle disease virus (ndv) replication. this showed that uridine kinase was not the effective component of cell-free extracts. adenosine-5'-triphosphate (atp) was found to exert a synergic effect in combination with azurd in the inhibition of ndv replication. | 1976 | 5878 |
| variable response of normal and transformed mouse cells to interferon inducers. | balb/3t3 mouse cells, normal and sv40-transformed, produced interferon when induced with newcastle disease and influenza viruses; transformed cells failed to respond to double-stranded rna inducers. | 1976 | 7948 |
| consumption of complement in chelated and nonchelated guinea pig serum after challenge with some viral and nonviral interferon inducers. | the consumption of complement observed during the induction of interferon by various inducers may proceed via the alternate pathway. the alternate pathway requires the presence of mg ions in the medium while ca ions may be absent. | 1976 | 7949 |
| the dynamics of production and the sensitivity to cycloheximide and actinomycin d of interferon-inducing and interferon messenger rna. | in the process of virus-induced interferon production, two kinds of rna appear in the cells. one of them induces production by the recipient cells of interferon with the species-specificity of the latter cells (interferon-inducing rna), and the other is translated by the recipient cells pre-treated with actinomycin d into interferon with the species-specificity of the donor cells of rna (interferon mrna). the interferon-inducing rna appears 20-30 minutes after virus induction and shows maximal a ... | 1976 | 7951 |
| the mediator of cellular immunity. xii. inhibition of activated t cells by newcastle disease virus. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) can interact in at least two ways with rat t cells. by adsorbing to circulating lymphocytes, the virus can transiently deflect the cells from lymph nodes and inflammatory exudates induced in the peritoneal cavity. t cells are affected regardless of age, state of activation, or position in the mitotic cycle. the effect is reversible and is mediated not only by infectious (i)-ndv, but also by uv-ndv which cannot achieve a complete replication cycle in eggs. but i-ndv ... | 1976 | 8579 |
| affinity chromatography of mouse interferon: a modified purification procedure utilizing specifically purified antibodies. | interferon preparations of a high degree of purity were obtained by a one-step procedure using affinity chromatography on specifically purified immunoadsorbent. the procedure consisted of binding interferon harvested from serum-free medium and purified by zn-acetate precipitation and sp-sephadex chromatography to cnbr-activated sepharose 4b (column no. 1). in the next step, antiinterferon globulin was purified by affinity chromatography on column no. 1 with the bound interferon. in this way, ant ... | 1976 | 9822 |
| suppression of interferon synthesis during the "graft-versus-host" reaction in f1(cbaxc57bl/6) mice. | the development of the graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in the f1(1cba x c57bl/6 hybrid mice after the transplantation of spleen cells from the c57bl/6 parent donor resulted in a strong inhibition of the serum interferon production induced by the intraperitoneal injection of the newcastle disease virus. in vitro with the mouse bone marrow cells during the development of the gvhr the interferon response was first reduced and then disappeared completely. the described phenomenon could therefore s ... | 1976 | 11014 |
| the production of chinese hamster interferon. | | 1976 | 11678 |
| stability in drinking and surface water of nine virus species from different genera (author's transl). | the stability of nine viruses, aujeszky, sindbis, vesicular stomatitis, newcastle disease, vaccinia, fmd, hcc, reo and teschen virus in drinking and surface water was investigated comparatively at temperatures of 9 and 15 degrees c as well as the influence of water factors like seasonal difference in temperature, ph value, hardness and sort of water. the results can be summarized as follows: 1. at temperatures of 9 to 15 degrees c the majority of the viruses remained stabil in natural water for ... | 1977 | 14460 |
| reactivation of newcastle disease virus neutralized by antibody. | in an effort to improve current technology for detection of newcastle disease virus in convalescent birds, a procedure has been developed for efficient reactivation of virus that has been neutralized by antibody. the reactivation capabilities of fluorocarbon treatment, ultrasonic treatment, ph extremes, and proteolytic digestion were evaluated using the lasota strain of virus. reactivation was maximum after proteolytic digestion with either trypsin or papain, and reactivation effciency was up to ... | 1977 | 16035 |
| effect of chaotropic salts and protein denaturants on the thermal stability of mouse fibroblast interferon. | altering the aqueous environment, especially with agents that affect hydrogen bonds, markedly affects the stability of mouse l cell interferon. low ph stabilizes interferon whereas high ph labilizes it; heavy water further enhances interferon thermostability at ph 2 but not at ph 9. exposure to the protein denaturants, 4 m-guanidine hydrochloride and 6 m-urea, significantly decreases the activity of interferon at ph 2 and ph9; however, the residual interferon activity is relatively thermostable. ... | 1977 | 16081 |
| flocculation of influenza virus by a neuraminidase inhibitor, neuraminin, produced by streptomyces sp. | | 1977 | 16382 |
| discussion paper: modalities of immunotherapy for virally induced murine neoplasms. | | 1976 | 17343 |
| antiviral effect of tebrofen. | tebrofen inhibited the replication of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus in multicycle experiments in chick embryo cell cell cultures. the compound did not inhibit the replication of vaccinia and newcastle disease viruses. | 1977 | 18926 |
| differences in mouse interferons according to cell source and mode of induction. | mouse interferon induced by ultraviolet-irradiated newcastle disease virus or polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid in t lymphocytes, b lymphocytes, macrophages, and primary mouse embryonic cell culture was studied. irrespective of the inducer, interferons produced by t or b lymphocytes were relatively heat stable and of low antigenicity when reacted with antiserum against l-cell interferon (ali), whereas interferons produced by macrophages and mouse embryo cells were heat labile and of high a ... | 1977 | 20403 |
| suppressive effect of newcastle disease virus on the primary and secondary immune responses of hamsters. | the effect of newcastle disease virus (ndv) on the formation of 19 s haemolytic plaque-forming cells (hpfc) in the secondary immune response and on the formation of 7 s hpfc in both primary and secondary immune responses of hamsters to sheep red blood cells (srbc) was studied. the 19 s and the 7 s hpfc in the spleens of hamsters injected with srbc were demonstrated by the direct and indirect jerne's method, repectively. a single intraperitoneal injection of ndv 5 days prior to primary immunizati ... | 1977 | 20763 |
| induction of interferon in mice and cell cultures by mycoplasma pneumoniae. | inoculation of mice and l and human embryonic lung (hel) cell cultures with mycoplasma pneumoniae failed to induce the production of interferon. m. pneumoniae multiplied in these cell cultures without a marked cytopathic effect. m. pneumoniae induced interferon in human peripheral blood leukocytes with maximum titres of 32 units/ml at 48 hours after infection. | 1977 | 23667 |
| a comparison of the effect of metal carcinogens chromium, cadmium and nickel on the interferon system. | | 1977 | 23671 |
| antiviral activity of dipyridamole derivatives. | among 46 novel pyrimido 5.4-d pyrimidine derivatives, 26 compounds were found to exhibit antiviral activity as revealed in a test programme against mengo, coxsackie b1, fowl plague, vaccinia and pseudorabies viruses, as concerns inhibition of plaque formation and of infectious virus yield. attempts to disclose structure-activity relationships by discriminant analysis pointed to a possible importance of hydrophobic substitution for the antiviral effectiveness against mengo virus of the derivative ... | 1978 | 29467 |
| [comparative study of interferon production in mice with the graft versus host reaction]. | mice with graft versus host reaction (gvhr) show a decreased production of serum interferon and that produced by the bone marrow and spleen cells and blood leukocytes in vitro upon inoculation with newcastle disease virus. interferon induction with lipopolysaccharide of flexner bacteria resulted in activation of production of serum interferon and that induced in spleen cell and blood leukocyte suspensions. serum interferon production after administration of poly(i) . poly(c) was similar in mice ... | 1978 | 34929 |
| uptake and release of putative neurotransmitters. measurements in regions of the normal and newcastle disease virus-infected mouse brain. | the capacity of various regions of the mouse brain to accumulate a series of putative neurotransmitter compounds has been studied in cerebral homogenates. this uptake is selective, sodium dependent, energy dependent, and exhibits characteristics of high affinity transport. calcium-stimulated release under depolarizing conditions of accumulated radioactive compounds was also examined. large regional variations of uptake and release capacity existed. no clear relation between intensity of uptake a ... | 1979 | 38769 |
| long-term culture of guinea pig tongue cells: a suitable interferon system. | the interferon system was investigated in a long-term culture of guinea pig tongue (gpt) cells. interferon synthesis was induced with newcastle disease virus (b strain) and f2 phage double-stranded rna. guinea pig interferons were about 2 times more active in cell cultures established from guinea pig embryos than in the gpt cells. human leukocyte and mouse peritoneal cell interferons were active in this cell system also. | 1979 | 39441 |
| newcastle disease virus-specific rna: an analysis of 24 s and 35 s rna transcripts. | the denaturation of newcastle disease virus-specific 24 s and 35 s rna by heat or formamide treatment led to a shift of a large part (60--80%) of rna into the 18 s zone. the remaining 20--40% could not be dissociated further by repeated denaturation or by centrifugation in dimethyl sulfoxide-sucrose gradient. hybridization-competition analysis revealed that the majority (approximately 75%) of the non-dissociable 35 s rna and almost all the material present in the non-dissociable 24 s rna were re ... | 1979 | 40414 |
| newcastle disease virus-specific rna: hybridization-competition of the non-dissociable 35 s rna with individual 18 s rna species. | the non-dissociable fraction of newcastle disease virus- (ndv-y specific 35 s rna competed efficiently with two individual 18 s rna transcripts in hybridization-competition experiments with 50 s virion rna. the third 18 s component could not be displaced from the hybrid by an excess of non-dissociable 35 s rna. | 1979 | 40422 |
| physico-chemical characterization of hamster interferon. | the glycoprotein nature of syrian hamster interferon was tested on several immobilized lectins. the specific retention of a small portion (20%) of interferon activity was observed only on concanavalin a-agarose; component i of the interferon (not retained) has an apparent molecular weight of 23,500 whereas component ii (retained) is larger, 31,500. the apparent hydrophobicity of syrian hamster interferon was probed by its chromatography on: (a) straight chain hydrocarbons of varied length; (b) a ... | 1979 | 41232 |
| antiviral activity of benzothiazole and benzothiazolinethione derivatives in cell cultures. | the virus inhibitory activity of benzothiazole, benzothiazolinethione and naphthothiazole derivatives was tested with vaccinia virus, newcastle disease virus (ndv) and western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus in the agar-diffusion plaque-inhibition test. among 58 compounds examined, 5 showed medium activity and selectivity with vaccinia virus. the highest selective effect was found with 3-(2-ethylthio-6-benzothiazolylaminomethyl)-2-benzothiazolinethione. a much lower inhibitory effect was ob ... | 1979 | 41432 |
| affinity of human leukocyte interferon for polyribonucleotides. | human leukocyte interferon (hl-if)binds to agpoly(a)tm, agpoly(u)tm and agpoly(i)tm. the bound interferon could be displaced from all three polyribonucleotides by including sodium chloride in the eluant. the nature of interaction of hl-if with polyribonucleotides is electrostatic and not hydrophobic since its binding was not prevented in the presence of 50% ethylene glycol. the binding of hl-if on agpoly(i)tm is stronger at lower ph since an increase in ionic strength is required to displace it. | 1979 | 41640 |
| production, purification and characterization of rat interferon. | priming with heterologous mouse interferon, increased production of an antiviral substance induced in rat diploid fibroblasts by newcastle disease virus. this substance was characterized as an acid stable interferon. this rat interferon exhibited marked cross-species antiviral activity when tested in mouse l929b cells, guinea pig embryo fibroblasts, human fibroblasts and bovine cells but was not active on chick embryo cells. | 1979 | 42377 |
| potential as an aerosol vaccine of an improved newcastle disease vaccine derived from the lasota strain--i. in vitro studies. | | 1978 | 42508 |
| induction of acid-stable canine interferon in vivo and in vitro. | dogs were able to produce only small quantities of circulating interferon after intraperitonal injection of newcastle disease virus or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. similarly, canine cell cultures produced very low concentrations of interferon in response to newcastle disease virus or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and no detectable concentrations of interferon in response to pyran copolymer or tilorone hydrochloride. the antiviral substance met the physiochemical characteristics classically ... | 1979 | 43104 |
| [interferon induced in the hamster by subunits of "nocardia": essay of protection against rabies (author's transl)]. | lipid-free cells of nocardia opaca and a cell extract (nwsm) are interferon inducers in syrian hamsters: peak interferon appears 2 h after injection as compared to 8 h in the case of interferon induced by inactivated ndv virus. the interferon induced by nocardia product is inactivated by a treatment for 30 min at 56 degrees c or 24 h at ph 2: ndv-induced interferon is more stable under these conditions. hamsters inoculated with nwsm before and after infection with rabies virus are partially prot ... | 1979 | 43690 |
| stability in newcastle disease virus-infected cells of hn protein which lost its functional activity under conditions of protein synthesis inhibition by cycloheximide. | chick embryo cell cultures were infected with newcastle disease virus (strains italia, beaudette and b1), labelled with 14c-amino acids from 5 to 6 hr post infection (p.i.), incubated in chase conditions from 6 to 10 hr p.i. in the presence or absence of cycloheximide (100 microgram/ml) and analyzed by slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. in chase experiments the hn protein was stable in all three strains. the haemagglutinating activity of cell homogenates was greatly red ... | 1979 | 44662 |
| t lymphocyte interaction with viruses and virus-infected tissues. | | 1975 | 47179 |
| myxoviruses. | myxoviruses can be divided into 2 groups, orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. the former comprise the influenza group which is subdivided into types a,b and c. influenza b and c are purely human pathogens but influenza a, which includes a large number of antigenic subtypes, occurs in nature in pigs, horses, birds and man. all influenza a viruses irrespective of origin are chemically, biologically and genetically related. the epidemics which they cause are curious and puzzling and are an import ... | 1975 | 47825 |
| two antigenically distinct species of human interferon. | rabbit antisera prepared against interferon produced in human fibroblast cell cultures stimulated with poly(1).poly(c) neutralized the activity of interferon preparations produced in various human fibroblast cultures timulated either with poly(1)poly)c) or with viruses. however, these antisera showed no detectable neutralizing activity against interferon produced in cultures of human leukocytes. on the other hand, most rabbit antisera against the human leukocyte interferon were active in neutral ... | 1975 | 49055 |
| a comparison of "influenza c" with prototype myxoviruses: receptor-destroycing activity (neuraminidase) and structural polypeptides. | | 1975 | 49979 |
| glycoproteins of sendai virus: purification and antigenic analysis. | solubilized envelope antigens (glycoproteins) of sendai virus were purified in a deae-bio-gel a column. monospecific antisera were prepared against the antigens, designated hn and f glycoproteins. these glycoproteins are antigenically distinct. immunodiffusion analyses of the envelope antigens of three representative paramyxoviruses (sendai, yucaipa, and newcastle disease virus)did not reveal any cross-reactions among them with antisera specific for sendai virus glycoproteins. | 1975 | 58850 |
| serum electrophoretic pattern of chickens vaccinated with r2b (mukteswar) and f strain of newcastle disease virus. | sera from ndv (mukteswar and f strain) vaccinated chickens of various age groups were subjected to paper, starch-gel and immunoelectrophoresis. an increase in total serum protein, gamma globulin, alpha globulin, and a decrease in beta globulin and albumin concentrations was observed in adult birds. the concentration of the various serum proteins varied widely depending upon the age of the other test birds. igm and igg band characteristics did not differ in sera from vaccinated and unvaccinated b ... | 1975 | 59352 |
| rapid quantitation of interferon with chronically oncornavirus-producing cells. | the capacity of interferon to inhibit virus production in cells chronically infected with oncornavirus enabled us to develop a simple system for interferon quantitation that was independent of exogenous viral infection. the release of the virus to the culture medium was determined by its reverse transcriptase activity. the inhibitory effect of interferon in this system was linearly proportional to the log of its dilution over a range between 5 and 80% inhibiton. the sensitivity of the system was ... | 1976 | 61174 |
| specific inhibition of viral neuraminidases by an inhibitor, neuraminin, produced by streptomyces sp. | | 1977 | 67704 |
| characteristics of human lymphoblastoid (namalva) interferon. | interferon derived from the human lymphoblastoid cell line, namalva, was fractionated by antibody affinity chromatography into two antigenically distinct interferon subspecies. at least 13% of the total namalva interferon activity possessed the f antigenic determinant found on human interferon derived from fibroblast cultures, while the bulk of the namalva interferon activity had the le antigenic determinant characteristic for human leukocyte interferon. the separated le and f subspecies of nama ... | 1978 | 74402 |
| induction of interferon synthesis in mice by fractions from nocardia. | three fractions of nocardia, nocardia water-soluble mitogen (nwsm), nocardia water-soluble mitogen pellet (nwsmp), and the cell wall peptidoglycan, which are mitogenic for b lymphocytes, were able to induce circulating interferon in mice, nwsmp and nwsm being the most active. the peak of interferon appeared about 2 h after injection. the interferon induced by nswmp and nwsm was acid stable and antigenically related to viral interferon, as shown by neutralization with antibodies directed against ... | 1978 | 75845 |
| antigenic differences between strains of newcastle disease virus. | comparison of strains of newcastle disease virus by kinetic neutralization tests and immunodiffusion tests (after virion disruption by ether and tween 80) enabled antigenic differences to be demonstrated between four out of five strains tested. no correlation was demonstrated between the antigenic structure and virulence of these strains. | 1978 | 77151 |
| influenza viruses in birds: rapid identification by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | counterimmunoelectrophoresis with an antiserum raised in rabbits against the m protein of the avian n virus proved to be particularly useful for large-scale identification of influenza a virus isolates. of a total of 231 hemagglutinating agents isolated from 1,656 rectal swabs collected from shore and open-country birds, 158 could be identified as influenza a viruses by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and 75 were serologically related to newcastle disease virus by hemagglutination inhibition with ... | 1979 | 85632 |
| demonstration of viral antigen in cryostat sections by a new immunoperoxidase procedure eliminating endogenous peroxidase activity. | | 1979 | 87412 |
| study of a new strain of paramyxoviruses isolated from wild ducks: antigenic and biological properties. | among the different strains of avian paramyxoviruses isolated from migrating feral ducks, two were identified as newcastle disease viruses (ndv) and the five others would correspond to a new serotype for which we suggest the name of duck/mississippi/75 virus. the characteristics of this new serotype are as follows: (1) duck/mississippi/75 virus is able to grow as well in allantoic as in amniotic cavities of embryonated hen's eggs; (2) the haemagglutinin and haemolytic activities can be detected ... | 1979 | 90111 |
| biologically active polycycloalkanes. 6. antiviral 1-tricyclo[4.3.1.1 2,5]undecyl derivatives. | functionalization reactions via cationic intermediates of tricyclo[4.3.1.1 2,5]undecane (2) were investigated to prepare derivatives with potential antiviral activities. bromination of 2 took place regiospecifically at c-1, and the resulted bromide 5 was converted into the hydroxide 9, the carboxylic acid 12, and the amine 22, from which were synthesized a variety of secondary derivatives, including homologous esters 10 and 20, amides 14 and 19, carbamates 24, and ureas 17 and 25. the hydroxide ... | 1979 | 92566 |
| separation of human leukocyte interferon components by concanavalin a-agarose affinity chromatography and their characterization. | human leukocyte interferon (hl-if), produced by mixed leukocytes infected with newcastle disease virus, was resolved into three distinct fractions when chromatographed on concanavalin a-agarose. the major portion (70--75%) of interferon appeared in the breakthrough (bt fraction). the bound interferon (25--30%) was displaced from the column as two peaks: the first was eluted with 0.01 m methyl alpha-d-mannoside, yielding 15-20% of the interferon activity (alpha-mm fraction), and the second by inc ... | 1979 | 92998 |
| antigenic and structural relationships between avian paramyxoviruses isolated from ducks in hong kong and mississippi, u.s.a. | representative isolates of the paramyxoviruses duck/hong kong/75 and duck/mississippi/75 were shown to be serologically closely related by haemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition tests. the structural polypeptides of these viruses were also shown to be similar. for each of the isolates tested, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sds revealed a similar polypeptide pattern consisting, under reducing conditions, of seven polypeptides with apparent mol. wt. ranging from 4600 ... | 1979 | 93619 |
| priming increases the amount of interferon mrna in poly(ri).poly(rc)-treated l cells. | priming by mouse interferon pre-treatment resulted in an accumulation of interferon mrna in poly(ri).poly(rc)-treated l cells, starting early in the period of interferon synthesis. on electrophoresis, the priming activity of an interferon preparation co-migrated with the antiviral activity, which suggests identity of the functional principle(s) for these activities. | 1979 | 94345 |
| somatic cell genetics of human interferon production in human-rodent cell hybrids. | forty-two primary human-mouse cell hybrids, derived in two separate experiments, were treated with newcastle disease virus (ndv): eight hybrids were found to produce human interferon and this was shown in every case to be predominantly of the fibroblast type. an extensive analysis was made in terms of karyotype and marker enzymes on all the eight hybrids producing interferon and also on five hybrids which did not produce interferon, five randomly selected hybrids and eleven subclones resistant t ... | 1979 | 94346 |
| interferon induction with newcastle disease virus in fs-4 cells: effect of priming with interferon and of virus inactivating treatments. | inoculation of human fs-4 cells with newcastle disease virus (ndv) resulted in the induction of two distinct interferon responses, one that peaked at about 5 hr (early response) and one that reached a maximum between 10 to 24 hr after inoculation (second response). the early interferon response was enhanced by previous treatment of the cells with interferon (priming), whereas the second response decreased after interferon treatment in a dose-dependent manner. the early response diminished with d ... | 1979 | 94611 |
| [inhalation vaccination of chickens against newcastle disease using the soviet disk aerosol generator (dag-2)]. | | 1978 | 96562 |
| inhibition of interferon production by retinoic acid (vitamin a acid). | the production of interferon was employed to study the site and mechanism of action of retinoic acid (vitamin a). the data is consistent with a site of action of retinoic acid at the gene level, since it appears that interferon production is suppressed at the transcriptional step by a retinoic acid-induced protein. evidence for this is as follows: (a) the effect of retinoic acid is probably on an early cellular function associated with interferon production rather than an effect on the inducer ( ... | 1977 | 99833 |
| induction of the interferon protein in the animal: general considerations. | serum interferon is largely produced by b and t lymphocytes and macrophages, depending on the inducer. lymphocyte interferon is different from macrophage and fibroblast interferon. there are two alleles controlling mouse interferon production. a protein possibly related to interferon may cause hyporeactivity. our work was supported by nih grant 5-ro1-02953. | 1977 | 99834 |
| [evaluation of the immune state of poultry against newcastle virus via various serological reactions]. | studied were 336 sera of vaccinated and challenged chickens, 76 egg extracts, and 36 birds following challenge for the presence of serum antibodies against the newcastle disease virus, using the hemagglutination-inhibition reaction, the agar gel diffusion precipitation reaction, and the virus-neutralizing test. the values of the antihemagglutinins, precipitins, and virus-neutralizing antibodies were investigated in relation to the immunobiologic resistance of birds to a velogenic newcastle disea ... | 1978 | 105460 |
| general synthesis of potentially antiviral alpha-adamantyl carbonyl compounds. | | 1979 | 105650 |
| biochemical changes in avian tissues during infection. | major sources of error in studies of diet--infectious disease interactions relate to failure 1) to define the stage of a disease cycle; and 2) to determine the extent of disease involvement at time of sampling. the former can be determined from clinical and biochemical observations from time of inoculation to recovery or mortality; the latter can be calculated from indexes obtained from histological preparations, changes in body temperatures, and other clinical symptoms, including weight loss an ... | 1979 | 109321 |
| efficacy of linco-spectin water medication on mycoplasma synoviae airsacculitis in broilers. | three trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of linco-spectin (ls) water medication on mycoplasma synoviae (ms) air-sacculitis in broilers under controlled experimental conditions. day-old chicks were vaccinated against infectious bronchitis and newcastle disease virus and exposed to a broth culture of ms by the respiratory route. in each trial, one-half of the flock was treated with 2 g of ls per gallon of drinking water for the first five days of life, and the other half was kept as a ... | 1976 | 130899 |
| labeling of animal cells with fluorescent dansyl cerebroside. | a dansyl (diaminoaphthalenesulfonyl)-derivative of cerebroside was prepared which could be effectively incorporated into the plasma membranes of tissue culture cells and erythrocytes. the cells which had assimilated the glycolipid fluoreced intensely and could be observed under a fluorescent microscope. cells were initially labeled rather homogeneously over the whole surface. with longer incubation time organization of the fluorescent glycolipid took place and patches of the lipid in the membran ... | 1976 | 138295 |
| selective inhibition of influenza virus protein synthesis by inhibitors of dna function. | | 1977 | 141164 |
| [different types of virus inhibitory factors in interferon produced by different organs]. | fragments of organs from mice inoculated with newcastle disease virus were incubated at 30 degrees c. lungs and liver produced thermolabile virus-inhibiting factor (if) or interferon at earlier stages. the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus produced thermolabile if at earlier stages and thermostable if at later stages. | 1978 | 154963 |
| [hyper- and hypo-reactivity in mice with regard to the induction of virus inhibitory factor or interferon]. | 1. if induction in mice with newcastle disease virus produced hyperreactivity on subsequent induction with certain doses of poly i:c. 2. laparotomy or intraperitoneal injection with air caused temporary hyporeactivity of spleen and lungs on if induction with endotoxin. laparotomy in splenectomised mice did not affect if formation in lungs. | 1978 | 154964 |
| [ecology of animal and avian viruses]. | | 1979 | 156452 |
| [survival of the newcastle disease vaccine virus in the air of poultry houses]. | | 1979 | 158251 |
| potential as an aerosol vaccine of an improved newcastle disease vaccine derived from the lasota strain--ii. in vivo studies. | | 1978 | 160298 |
| [effect of the virus-inhibiting factor or interferon on the division and differentiation of murine leukemic cells]. | myeloblasts of a clone originating from a spontaneous myeloid leukemia in mice were induced to form macrophages by the virus-inhibiting factor or interferon or its inducers such as newcastle disease virus and double-stranded rna. | 1979 | 161195 |
| specific increase in polyamine levels in chick embryo cells transformed by rous sarcoma virus. | chick embryo fibroblasts and chorioallantoic membranes of chick embryos infected with oncogenic or nononcogenic viruses were analyzed for polyamines. nononcogenic viruses (influenze, newcastle disease, or vaccinia virus) had no effect on the polyamine content of chorioallantoic membranes. transformation of chorioallantoic membranes by a wild-type or temperature-sensitive mutant strain of rous sarcoma virus under permissive conditions (37 degrees) caused a 2- to 4-fold increase in cellular spermi ... | 1975 | 162861 |
| two different mechanisms of the inhibition of the multiplication of enveloped viruses by glucosamine. | | 1975 | 163046 |
| comparison of the immunogenicity of hamster cells transformed by adenovirus and herpes simplex virus. | hamsters vaccinated with adenovirus-transformed cells, modified by acetoacetylation or concanavalin a treatment, or with small numbers of living cells were partly or completely protected against challenge with 3 times 10-6 living cells. treatment of vaccine cells with iodoacetate, mitomycin c, neuraminidase plus mitomycin c did not produce efficient vaccines. herpes simplex virus-transformed cells treated by any of these procedures did not prevent, and frequently even enhanced, the growth of the ... | 1975 | 163694 |
| characterization of an in vitro persistent-state measles virus infection: species characterization and interference in the bgm/mv cell line. | serological methods of mixed agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence showed the bgm/mv cell line to possess monkey antigens. as a means of further characterizing the species constitution of the bgm/mv cell line, the species specificity of viral-induced interferon from these cells, as well as the response of these cells to exogenous interferons, was determined. low titers of spontaneously elaborated interferon capable of protecting monkey but not mouse cells were detected in bgm/mv culture ... | 1975 | 163789 |
| virus susceptibility of mouse hemopoietic cells in vitro: inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells by newcastle disease virus. | normal mouse bone marrow cells were exposed to encephalomyocarditis virus (emc), reovirus type 3 (reo3), influenza virus (flu), and newcastle disease virus (ndv) then assayed for granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells by the technique of colony formation in agar. exposure to emc, reo3, and flu caused a slight but variable loss of colony-forming potential, whereas exposure to ndv caused a very marked loss. ndv acted directly on the cells, not indirectly through release of colony-inhibiting factor ... | 1975 | 163791 |
| mechanism of the suppressive effect of interferon on antibody synthesis in vivo. | mouse interferon preparations significantly suppress the in vivo antibody response to sheep red blood cells (srbc), a thymus-dependent antigen, and to salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (lps), a thymus-independent antigen. it is also possible to effect the late responses of antigen sensitive "memory" cells observed during secondary immunization by administration of interferon prior to primary immunization. the immunosuppressive activity of interferon was time- and dose-dependent. maximum ... | 1975 | 163863 |
| studies of herpes simplex virus and interferon in human gingival cell cultures. | cultures of human gingival fibroblast cells from patients with a positive or negative history of recurrent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection were compared with respect to susceptibility to hsv infection and interferon activity. there was a possible inverse relationship between interferon sensitivity of gingival fibroblast cells and a clinical history of recurrent disease. no correlation was found between prior infection and other parameters of interferon activity or susceptibility of the cell ... | 1975 | 163902 |
| interferon and its role in poultry health. | | 1975 | 164796 |
| infectious bursal disease virus: antigen production and immunity. | | 1975 | 164798 |
| specific immunity and nonspecific resistance to infection: listeria, protozoa, and viruses in mice and hamsters,. | specific immunity developed by mice against protozoan (toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia jellisoni) and bacterial (listeria monocytogenes) infections was compared with nonspecific protection conferred by prior infections. the results indicated that homologous immunity protected mice from more than 10-5 ld50 of t. gondii or b. jellisoni, but from only 10-2 ld50 of l. monocytogenes. heterospecific protection among these organisms was for 10-0.4 minus 10-1.2 ld50. in studies in hamsters specific immu ... | 1975 | 165241 |
| effect of infectious bronchitis vaccination on the performance of live newcastle disease vaccine. | | 1975 | 166478 |
| l-arginine elution of measles virus adsorbed on monkey erythrocytes. | l-arginine (1 m) eluted measles virus adsorbed on monkey erythrocytes without affecting the infectious and hemagglutinating activities of the virus. this phenomenon was also observed for encephalomyocarditis virus and newcastle disease virus. | 1975 | 166920 |
| hydrophobic binding sites on human interferon. | human interferon binds to a omega-carboxpentyl-agarose column at low ionic strength (0.15 m nacl) and is still retained when the ionic strength is raised (to 1.0 m nacl). the binding can be reversed, however, by ethylene glycol, indicating a hydrophobic interaction. the binding of human interferon to omega-aminohexyl-agarose is weak, even at a low ionic strength, and is probably exclusively electrostatic. this disparate binding behavior may be caused by the presence of a positive charge, adjacen ... | 1975 | 166991 |
| replication of reticuloendotheliosis viruses in cell culture: chronic infection. | after an initial acute infection with cell killing, chicken or duck embryo fibroblasts infected in culture with reticuloendotheliosis viruses set up a chronic infection with no cell killing or morphological transformation. essentially all of the chronically infected cells produced virus. the virus production was not sensitive to cytosine arabinoside or mitomycin c as was virus production in an acute infection. the chronically infected cells had a strong group-specific resistancto the c.p.e. of s ... | 1975 | 167114 |
| rubella and rheumatoid arthritis: hyaluronic acid and susceptibility of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells to viruses. | synovial cell lines were established from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and from normal human embryos. high levels of hyaluronic acid (ha) were produced by some ra cell lines, some of which were partially or completely resistant to infection with newcastle disease virus (ndv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and rubella virus (rv). normal fetal synovial cells lines were susceptible to ndv, vsv, and rv. infection with virus became possible after treatment of ra cells with hyaluronidas ... | 1975 | 167379 |
| policy and procedural guidelines for the health and safety of workers in virus laboratories. | through the use of a (a) a questionnaire, designed to elicit background information, (b) a serological survey, designed to obtain a picture of virus dissemination, and (c) a library review, designed to gain insight into the area of virus laboratory problems, the state of hazard in animal virus laboratories at yale was evaluated. on the basis of this evaluation, a series of recommended guidelines for protecting the health and safety of workers in those laboratories was formulated. | 1975 | 167573 |
| antagonism of interferon action by mouse tissue extracts and serum. | | 1975 | 167682 |
| sporadic bovine meningo-encephalitis-isolation of a paramyxovirus. | isolation of a viral agent (107) directly from brain explants of a 15-month-old heifer with symptoms of a sporadic encephalomyelitis is described. the virus shares properties with the paramyxovirus family. it grows in a variety of cell cultures from different species, and induces nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in infected cells. nucleocapsids measuring 17 nm in diameter were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells when studied electron microscopically, thus indicating a close ... | 1975 | 167689 |
| streptovirudins, new antibiotics with antibacterial and antiviral activity. i. culture taxonomy, fermentation and production of streptovirudin complex. | a new antibiotic complex has been isolated from cultures of streptomyces strain no. ja 10124. on the basis of taxonomic studies, the producing microorganism is described as streptomyces griseoflavus (krainsky, 1914) waksman et henrici, 1948, subsp. thuringiensis subsp. nov., type strain ja 10124. the antibiotic complex, designated as streptovirudin, was isolated from extracts of both mycelium and culture filtrate. it is a white amorphous material which consists of ten closely related components ... | 1975 | 168173 |
| serological responses of broiler-type chickens, with and without newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccine, to experimental infection with mycoplasma synoviae by foot pad, air sac and aerosol. | serum plate (sp) and tube agglutination (ta) reactions and geometric mean mycoplasma synoviae (ms.) hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) titers were determined on chickens infected at 21 days of age with ms. by foot pad, air sac and aerosol. one-half had been given newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine in the water at 20 days of age, and the other half had not been vaccinated with nd and ib vaccine. blood was taken at 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after ms. infection. geometric mean hi ... | 1975 | 168564 |
| inhibition by interferon of delayed-type hypersensitivity in the mouse. | the effect of interferon on delayed-type by persensitivity to picryl chloride and sheep erythrocytes was examined in the mouse. when administered to sensitized animals on the day before or the day of challenge, tissue culture interferon inhibited both the ear swelling induced by pieryl chloride and footpad swelling induced by sheep erythrocytes. newcastle disease virus, when injected into sensitized if-1l or if-1h congenic mice a few hours before challenge, caused an inhibition of delayed-type h ... | 1975 | 168573 |
| interferon induction and action in transformed poikilothermic cells. | the production and effect of interferon in the virus-transformed cell line tgk1, originating from kidney cells of testudo gracea were studied and compared to those in the primary cell culture. west nile virus and newcastle disease virus were used as inducers. interferon production in tgk1 cells began 6 hr later than in the primary cell culture and reached the maximum 64 iu, 18 hr after virus inoculation. in the primary culture, interferon production increased till the 48th hr reaching a fourfold ... | 1975 | 168742 |
| identification of infectious bronchitis virus by interference with the b-1 isolant of newcastle disease virus. waxing and waning of interference. | the massachusetts and the connecticut types of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were identified by interference in embryonating chicken eggs (ece) with the production of hemagglutinin by the b-1 isolant of newcastle disease virus (ndv). this interference test appears to be specific because the above interference was eliminated by adding type-specific anti-ibv serum to the ibv-ndv system; however, interference was not detectable when fowlpox virus (fpv) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (lt ... | 1975 | 168852 |
| studies on the structure and synthesis of rous sarcoma virus rna. | | 1975 | 169006 |
| antiviral activity of a pyrazino-pyrazine derivative. | the 2,3-dihydroxy-6-bromo-pyrazino-[2,3-beta]-pyrazine is a substance selected during the antiviral screening of pyrazino-pyrazine derivatives. the compound shows antiviral activity in vitro against measles, ndv, some influenza viruses and against herpes simplex and zoster, infectious canine hepatitis and vaccinia viruses. it had no effect on echo 9 virus. therapeutic trials showed activity also on herpetic keratoconjunctivitis experimentally induced in rabbits. | 1975 | 169110 |
| fluoroimidazoles as antiviral agents and inhibitors of polynucleotide biosynthesis. | | 1975 | 169446 |
| [mitosis and viral infection in cell cultures. i. the effect of cytolytic viruses on the mitotic regime of monolayer cell cultures]. | | 1975 | 169645 |
| production of species-unspecific antiviral inhibitors in cell-cultures and in chicken embryos under the influence of pyrazolon derivatives. | | 1975 | 169855 |
| [disturbed globulin (transferrine) and antibody formation during the leucopenic stage of swine plague (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 170748 |