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etiological relation between korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever in japan.the first case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in japan was seen in osaka in 1960. the etiologic agent of this disease has not yet been isolated, but a close etiologic relation between korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever in japan has been suspected because of similarities in the clinical and pathological pictures of the two diseases. this relation has now been confirmed serologically by demonstrating specific immunofluorescent antibodies to korean hemorrhagic fever virus in 19 ...197943726
[antibodies against the hantaan virus in italian ex-soldiers stationed in the balkans during world war ii]. 19921283068
effect of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on hantaan virus infection of the macrophage p388d1 cell line.the effect of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n mabs) on hantaan virus infection of macrophages was investigated using p388d1 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. mabs to the g1 protein (g1b) and the g2 protein (g2a and g2c) neutralized viral infectivity in p388d1 cells. n mabs to g1b showed much higher neutralizing potency than those to g2a and g2c. with each n mabs, two distinct effects were observed: neutralization of viral infectivity occurring at high concentrations and enhancement of ...19921284283
identification of hantaan virus-related structures in kidneys of cadavers with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.the etiologic agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), hantaan virus, was first isolated in 1976. since then numerous hantaan-like viruses have been isolated and five serotypes of hantavirus have been recognized. serological studies indicate that these viruses are globally distributed, with each serotype occurring in specific areas. hantaan virus has been intensively studied antigenically, biochemically, and genetically. however there is still a paucity of information on the patho ...19921346088
preparation of candidate vaccinia-vectored vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.two vaccinia-vectored candidate vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were prepared by inserting cdna, representing the medium (m) genome segment, or the m and the small (s) genome segments of hantaan virus into the thymidine kinase gene of the connaught vaccine strain of vaccinia virus. in the single recombinant, the m segment was placed under control of the vaccinia virus 7.5 kda promoter. in the double recombinant, the m and s segments were placed under control of the vaccinia v ...19921347189
haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: clinical aspects.based on clinical and pathological features a typical case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome passes through five phases: (1) febrile phase, (2) hypotensive phase, (3) oliguric phase, (4) diuretic phase and (5) convalescent phase. the major manifestations are fever, pain in the back and abdomen, flushed face, prostration, proteinuria, purpura and haemorrhage and acute renal failure. selective right auricular haemorrhage, marked congestion and haemorrhage in the renal medulla and necrosis ...19921349230
seroprevalence of antibodies to hantaviruses and leptospires in selected italian population groups.a study of hantaviral and leptospiral antibodies in selected population groups was performed. among high risk subjects in the rome area, hantaan antibody was found in mammalogists (10%) and dialysis patients (6%), while none of the trappers, oarsmen, river policemen and firemen studied tested positive for antibodies to hantaviruses. in occupationally-exposed subjects (farmers, rangers, lumbermen, hunters) from rural and densely forested areas of northern italian regions, the prevalence of hantaa ...19921349288
belgrade virus: a new hantavirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in yugoslavia.two biologically and genetically distinct hantaviruses were isolated from blood and urine specimens collected from four yugoslavian patients with clinically severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). viral isolates from three patients, designated strains belgrade 1-3, were distinct from hantaan, seoul, puumala, and prospect hill viruses as determined by plaque-reduction neutralization tests and restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified m-segment fragments. the fourth isolate, cal ...19921351508
cloning and sequencing of puumala virus sotkamo strain s and m rna segments: evidence for strain variation in hantaviruses and expression of the nucleocapsid protein.the prototype puumala virus (pv) sotkamo strain small (s) and medium (m) rna genome segments were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), cloned and sequenced. the s segment is 1830 nucleotides long with an open reading frame coding for 433 amino acids. the identity to the pv hällnäs strain was 83% at the nucleotide and 96% at the amino acid level. the m segment in the sotkamo strain is 3616 nucleotides long and contains one open reading frame of 1148 amino acids with 83% nucleotide an ...19921353107
histopathologic changes of the spleen in suckling rats inoculated with hantaan virus.the purpose of this study is to delineate the histopathologic findings of the spleen after hantaan viral inoculation, which is the largest lymphoid organ in rats, and to identify the viral location by anti-hantaan virus (htnv) monoclonal antibody. all the sixty one suckling rats of less than twenty four hours of age were used. except twenty one rats of control group, twenty-five rats inoculated intracerebrally for the early change and fifteen suckling rats inoculated intramuscularly for the late ...19921355973
hantaan virus infection of human endothelial cells.the primary pathophysiologic finding of the viral disease known as korean hemorrhagic fever, the etiological agent of which is hantaan virus (htv), is vascular instability. to investigate whether htv was able to infect cells derived from human vascular tissue and alter their behavior, we infected in vitro primary adult human endothelial cells from saphenous veins (hsvec). we were able to detect the presence of viral antigens in infected cells both by immunofluorescence and by western blot (immun ...19921356160
[detection of hfrs hantaan virus rna sequences by pcr]. 19921357208
[atrioventricular block in 2 patients with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome (hantaan-virus nephropathy)]. 19921357730
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in an endemic area of greece.from 1983 to 1990, 32 patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) were admitted to our hospital. the diagnosis was confirmed by high igm type titers of antibodies to hantaan virus. all patients presented with serum and urine abnormalities suggesting renal involvement. serum creatinine was elevated and ranged between 1.8 and 14.3 mg/dl. proteinuria ranged between 0.5 and 6.4 g/24 h. seven patients died due to shock or hemorrhage, while 6 patients were supported by hemodialysis or p ...19921357972
protective role of antigenic sites on the envelope protein of hantaan virus defined by monoclonal antibodies.to investigate the role of hantaan virus envelope glycoprotein in infection, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was examined in vitro with several serological tests and in vivo by passive transfer experiments in mice. an antigenic site, specific for the inhibition of infected cell focus was detected with the focus inhibition neutralization test (fint), in addition to the neutralization related antigenic sites, which were revealed by the ordinary focus reduction neutralization test (frnt). s ...19921381911
the hantaan virus m-segment glycoproteins g1 and g2 can be expressed independently.the two glycoproteins of hantaan virus (htv), g1 and g2, are encoded as a continuous single open reading frame in the m segment of the virion rna. they are believed to be synthesized contemporaneously via a polypeptide precursor which is then processed to yield two glycoproteins, both of which appear in the golgi complex of the cell. to study the properties of g1 and g2 as separate entities, we have constructed vaccinia virus recombinants which contain the sequences for each glycoprotein individ ...19921548747
maturation of hantaan virus glycoproteins g1 and g2.hantaan virus-infected vero e6 cell lysates were used for immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein g1 (mabg1) or g2 (mabg2). when cell lysates were prepared with buffer containing nonionic detergent, both g1 and g2 glycoproteins were precipitated with either mabg1 or mabg2. in contrast, when cell lysates were prepared with a buffer containing ionic detergents mabg1 precipitated only glycoprotein g1 and mabg2 precipitated only glycoprotein g2. heterodimers and possibly ...19921604818
[hantaan virus infection]. 19911672850
[hantaan virus infection, a seldom recognized cause of acute kidney insufficiency]. 19911675768
[hantaan virus infection in twente].to find out if hantavirus infection, as a cause of acute renal failure, has been overlooked in the past. to determine if hantavirus can be found in wild rodents, particularly in red bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), living in the area.19911675769
[acute nephritis caused by hantaan virus infection]. 19911679521
[hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in children].seven patients, 4 girls and 3 boys, aged 3 to 12 years /x = 7.14/ affected by haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome /hfrs/., were hospitalized at the university children's hospital in belgrade during the last two years /january 1988-january 1990/. the diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical features, epidemiological data and autopsy findings in one patient while in the others the diagnosis of hfrs was confirmed serologically by indirect immunoflorescence tests on vero e 6 cells. a si ...19911686334
effects of hantaan virus on human endothelial cells and their significance in pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.the effects of hantaan virus (htnv) on human endothelial cells (hecs) were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. the 76-118 strain or sr-11 strain of htnv were inoculated into hecs monolayers respectively, and the virus antigens could be detected on the seventh day of the first passage after inoculation by immunofluorescent technique. the htnv could also be isolated through cultures of vero e-6 cells. htnv particles and inclusion bodies together with various changes in the organelles were obse ...19911686857
detection of hantavirus rna in tissues of experimentally infected mice using reverse transcriptase-directed polymerase chain reaction.detection of hantaviruses, the etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), by virus isolation using experimental animals or cell culture is time-consuming. a more rapid but equally specific method is needed. we used a reverse transcriptase-directed polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect hantavirus genomic sequences and compared its sensitivity with conventional virus isolation. rna, extracted by the guanidinium isothiocyanate-cesium chloride method from hantavirus-i ...19911713266
antigenicity of hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins expressed in e. coli.dna clones representing the small genomic segment of nephropathia epidemica virus strain hällnäs b1 (nev) and hantaan virus strain 76-118 (htv) encoding their nucleocapsid proteins were inserted into the e. coli vector pin-iii-ompa for secretion of proteins into the periplasmic space. the complete htv and nev nucleocapsid proteins and two truncated versions of the nev nucleocapsid proteins were expressed as fusion proteins. unexpectedly, all products accumulated as insoluble aggregates. most of ...19911714110
antigenic variation of european haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus strains characterized using bank vole monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against puumala (puu) virus, the aetiological agent of nephropathia epidemica, were produced by fusing activated spleen cells from a bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) with the mouse myeloma cell line sp2/0. this novel approach, utilizing the natural vector of puu virus for hybridoma production, proved to be highly efficient, and eight stable puu virus-specific heterohybridomas were isolated and characterized. the bank vole mabs were all specific for the nucleocapsi ...19911716651
[hantaan virus infection]. 19901720000
coexpression of the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 of hantaan virus is required for targeting to the golgi complex.to study the intracellular transport and targeting to the golgi complex of the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 of hantaan virus, we have expressed them together and separately using recombinant vaccinia viruses. when expressed from the same recombinant vaccinia virus, g1 and g2 were localized to the golgi complex as analyzed by both immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation. however, when the glycoproteins were expressed from separate recombinant viruses, both proteins remained in the en ...19921727611
molecular characterization of the prospect hill virus m rna segment: a comparison with the m rna segments of other hantaviruses.complementary dna representing the genomic m rna segment of the prospect hill (ph) hantavirus was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. the ph virus m rna segment is 3707 nucleotides in length and has a long open reading frame in the viral complementary-sense rna with a coding capacity of 1142 amino acids. the predicted gene product of the ph virus m segment was compared with the corresponding gene products of hantaan virus strain 76-118 (hantaan), sapporo rat virus strain sr-11 (sr) an ...19911840609
identification of hantavirus serotypes by testing of post-infection sera in immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.serum samples were collected from 27 individuals who had been infected with a member of the genus hantavirus in the netherlands or belgium during the last 15 years. these samples were tested in an immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) systems, using different virus strains that represented each of the four recently proposed serotypes of this genus. the serum samples from 11 individuals who had been infected through contacts with laboratory rats showed t ...19911901907
molecular characterization and expression of glycoprotein gene of hantavirus r22 strain isolated from rattus norvegicus in china.a cdna containing the complete open reading frame of the m genome segment of hantavirus r22 strain isolated from rattus norvegicus in china, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and then cloned. the m segment is 3656 nucleotides in length with a predicted region of 3402 bases encoding a precursor glycoprotein of 1134 amino acids subsequently processed into viral glycoproteins 1 and 2 (g1 and g2). a strain comparison between r22 and sr11 (isolated from a rat in japan), and hantaan 76 ...19911962503
coding properties of the s and the m genome segments of sapporo rat virus: comparison to other causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.three serologically distinct groups of hantaviruses have been associated with severe, moderate, and mild forms of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). to gain a better understanding of the genetic variation among these viruses, we cloned and sequenced the m and the s genome segments of sapporo rat virus, an etiologic agent of moderate hfrs, and compared the predicted gene products to those of hantaan virus, and the hällnäs strain of puumala virus, which are etiologic agents of severe an ...19901970443
[hantaan virus infection--also in germany a cause of acute renal failure]. 19901971417
[a case of acute myopia with angle-closure glaucoma].the authors report a case of transient myopia with closed angle following the administration of aspirin and deturgylone. this treatment was prescribed because of a probably hantaan virus infection.19901972038
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. separation of human peripheral blood t and b cells and detection of viral antigen.in this study, total blood lymphocytes were prepared from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) by a density gradient on ficoll-hypaque. t and b cells were then purified by passing the total lymphocytes over a nylon wool column. the purities of total lymphocytes, t cells and b cells were 97.8 +/- 2.3%, 91.6 +/- 4.5% and 74.2 +/- 12.1%, respectively. also, after modification of cell fixation and smear drying, the number of cells were increased and the time needed for slide pr ...19901972048
antigenic subunits of hantaan virus expressed by baculovirus and vaccinia virus recombinants.baculovirus and vaccinia virus vectors were used to express the small (s) and medium (m) genome segments of hantaan virus. expression of the complete s or m segments yielded proteins electrophoretically indistinguishable from hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein or envelope glycoproteins (g1 and g2), and expression of portions of the m segment, encoding either g1 or g2 alone, similarly yielded proteins which closely resembled authentic hantaan virus proteins. the expressed envelope proteins retain ...19901972201
the protean manifestations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. a retrospective review of 26 cases from korea.twenty-six cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome from 1981 to 1986 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the scope of clinical presentation and the unique complications of the illness. the diagnosis was confirmed by detection of hantaan virus antibody in 25 cases and by characteristic autopsy findings in 1 case. the illness could be classified into three distinct clinical subgroups. fever was universally present. two patients presented with intractable shock and diffuse hemorrhage ...19901974404
isolation of a strain of hantaan virus from peritoneal exudate cells of a patient with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.a new strain of hantaan virus (htnv), gh716, was isolated from the peritoneal exudate cells (pec) of a patient with severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). the isolate was propagated in vero e6 cells. at each passage the virus-infected cells were examined for htnv with immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies (mcab) 25-1 and 84-1 against htnv. from passage 5 on, fluorescent intensity tended to stabilize at (+++) and infectivity titer reached 10(5) tcid50/ml. using 14 ...19901976488
[the serological diagnosis of hantaan virus infections]. 19901977569
[the clinical picture and therapy of hantaan virus infection]. 19901977570
a retrospective analysis of sera collected by the hemorrhagic fever commission during the korean conflict.more than 600 sera from 245 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever were preserved by the hemorrhagic fever commission during the korean conflict, 1951-1954. these sera were tested for igm- and igg-specific antibodies to hantaan virus by enzyme immunoassay and for hantaviral antigen by immunoassay; one serum from each patient was tested by plaque reduction neutralization using both hantaan and seoul viruses. only 15 patients failed to develop antihantaviral antibodies; most sera ...19901977805
[hantaan virus infections]. 19901979455
[hantaan virus serotypes circulating in foci of the far eastern region of the ussr].studies on serodifferentiation by indirect immunofluorescence antibody method and neutralization test of hantaan virus strains isolated from human patients and rodents revealed circulation on the maritime territory of 5 virus serotypes and demonstrated that rodents of one species could be virus carriers of different virus serotypes. on the basis of the antigenic similarity of strains isolated from human patients, field mice, and clethrionomys rufocanus it is concluded that the virus serotypes ci ...19901980045
different pathohistological presentations of acute renal involvement in hantaan virus infection: report of two cases.we present two patients with hantaan virus infection, admitted to the department of nephrology, skopje, at the same time, with the same clinical presentation (chills, fever, abdominal pain, hemorrhages, nausea, headache, proteinuria, hematuria, oliguria, acute renal failure) but with different pathohistological findings and different disease courses. in the first case diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis was found, with a complete recovery of renal function after a month, with a mild protein ...19901980098
[the role of hantaan virus serotypes in the etiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the far east of the ussr].the employment of two serological tests (indirect fluorescence antibody technique and neutralization test) demonstrated the leading role of hantaan virus serotype 1 strains isolated from field mice in the pattern of the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). proofs of the etiological importance of strains of serotypes 3 and 5 occurring in brown rats and cl. rufocanus were obtained. no data on any association of human hfrs cases with strains of serotype 4 isolated from reed vo ...19901982032
molecular characterization of the rna s segment of nephropathia epidemica virus strain hällnäs b1.the s segment rna of nephropathia epidemica virus (nev) strain hällnäs b1 was isolated by molecular cloning of the corresponding cdna. the rna is 1785 nucleotides long with the 3' and 5' termini being complementary for 23 bases. the viral messenger-sense rna contains one major open reading frame (orf) with a coding capacity of 433 amino acids encoding a 49-kda polypeptide. compared to the hantaan s segment cdna sequence there is a nucleotide homology of 60 and 61% at the amino acid level. many o ...19902104684
nucleotide sequence of the l genome segment of hantaan virus. 19902123544
nucleotide sequence analysis of the s genomic segment of prospect hill virus: comparison with the prototype hantavirus.the genomic s rna segment of prospect hill virus (phv), a member of the hantavirus genus, was molecularly cloned and the nucleotide sequence of the cdna determined. the phv s rna segment is 1675 nucleotides long. a long open reading frame was identified in the viral complementary-sense rna that could encode a 433 amino acid (49k) nucleocapsid (n) protein. comparison with the sequence of the related hantavirus (hantaan 76-118) s rna segment indicated that there was 57% nucleotide sequence homolog ...19902309440
coding strategy of the s rna segment of dugbe virus (nairovirus; bunyaviridae).the s rna segment of dugbe (dug) virus (nairovirus; bunyaviridae) was sequenced from three overlapping cdna clones and by primer extension. the s rna is 1712 nucleotides in length and contains one large open reading frame (orf) of 1326 nucleotides coding for a 49.4-kda protein on viral complementary (vc) rna. this protein in size corresponds to the dug nucleocapsid (n) protein (p. cash, 1985, j. gen. virol. 66, 141-148). the 49.4-kda product was expressed as a fusion protein with beta-galactosid ...19902327076
rapid detection of genomic variations in different strains of hantaviruses by polymerase chain reaction techniques and nucleotide sequence analysis.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with subsequent nucleotide sequence analysis was employed to rapidly detect genomic variations among different hantavirus strains. using synthetic oligonucleotide primers derived from the m and s segment rnas of nephropathia epidemica virus strain hällnäs b1 (nev) we succeeded in amplifying the corresponding sequences of hantaan and puumala viruses. the nucleotide sequences of the cdnas derived from the puumala m and s rna segments were analyzed. it was found ...19902385957
distinction between bunyaviridae genera by surface structure and comparison with hantaan virus using negative stain electron microscopy.ultrastructural studies of glutaraldehyde-fixed viruses of the bunyaviridae were performed by negative-stain electron microscopy. the surface structure of viruses of each genus was compared with that of the other genera and with hantaan virus, the prototype of a proposed new genus of bunyaviridae. viruses of each genus had a surface structure distinct for that genus. in addition, hantaan virus had a surface structure composed of a grid-like pattern of morphologic subunits not previously describe ...19852412528
[isolation of strains of the virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in a cell culture from human patients and rodents].the virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome serologically similar to hantaan virus was isolated from three rodent species, ap. peninsulae, cl. rutilus, cl. rufocanus, and from human patients in vero e6 cell culture.19862425494
characterization of hantaviruses using monoclonal antibodies.the antigenic relations among nine hantaviruses from seven different geographic areas were examined in indirect fluorescent antibody test with 12 monoclonal antibodies. ten monoclonals were prepared against hantaan virus strain 76-118 and two against hantavirus b-1, a virus isolated from a tumour in a laboratory rat. four different serotypes have been differentiated: hällnäs, hantaan, prospect hill and rat strain like. two monoclonal antibodies were able to react with all nine hantaviruses studi ...19872449811
effects of human and murine interferons against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) virus (hantaan virus).the effects of human interferons (ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, ifn-gamma) on the replication of hantaan virus (hv) in vero e6 cells were examined. pretreatment of cells with human ifns resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of hv plaque formation. of the 3 human ifns, ifn-beta inhibited virus replication most effectively. pretreatment of murine macrophage cells with mouse ifn-beta also resulted in an inhibition of viral growth and then the effect of murine ifn-beta in newborn icr mice infected with hv wa ...19872451468
characterization of hantaan virus envelope glycoprotein antigenic determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies.a panel of 24 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the g1 or g2 envelope glycoproteins of hantaan virus were used to determine the surface topography and functional properties of antigenic sites. nine distinct, partially overlapping antigenic sites, two on g1 and seven on g2, were demonstrated by competitive binding assays. analyses of the antigenic sites by haemagglutination (ha) inhibition and plaque-reduction neutralization tests showed that all of the sites, except one on g1, were related to vira ...19892471792
serological studies of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in poland. preliminary report.serological studies of hantaan virus infections among--blood donors (control group)--patients: chronic dialysed, leptospirosis suspected, hospitalised for various diseases,--risk group population: farmers, laboratory staff (contact with laboratory animals), as well as laboratory and wild animals (rodents) were carried out. surveys were done by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) procedure with 5 hantaan virus strains as antigens.19892476002
antibody prevalence against haemorrhagic fever viruses in randomized representative central african populations.between 1985 and 1987, 5,070 randomly selected persons living in 6 central african countries (cameroon, central african republic, chad, congo, equatorial guinea and gabon) were checked for serological evidence of haemorrhagic fever. rural and urban areas were studied, including ecoclimatic zones ranging from dry savana to tropical rain forest. virus-reactive antibodies were found with all antigens tested, and the global prevalence of positive sera was distributed as follows: crimean-congo haemor ...19892505350
determination of the coding capacity of the m genome segment of nephropathia epidemica virus strain hällnäs b1 by molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis.the m genome rna segment of nephropathia epidemica virus (nev) strain hällnäs b1 was characterized by molecular cloning and dna nucleotide sequencing of the corresponding cdna clones. the size of the m rna segment is 3682 nucleotides. the 3' and 5' terminal sequences are complementary for 21 bases and their predicted secondary structure is very stable. the viral complementary messenger rna possesses a single long open reading frame with a coding capacity of 1148 amino acids (polypeptide of 126 k ...19892508317
[antibodies against hantaan virus and leptospira in subjects at risk in rome].a survey on the prevalence of hantaan and leptospiral antibodies on mammalogists and rodent control personnel was performed. none of the 66 trappers studied (using ifi ) had detectable hantaan antibody, while only 2 out of 20 mammalogists presented antibody at low titer (1:32). for leptospiral antibody the microagglutination test (mat) using live leptospires as antigen was performed. 14 out of 66 trappers, or 21.2 per cent, had antibodies, at titer of 1:50 or more, to various leptospiral serovar ...19892518821
prospects for treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug.ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, is active against hemorrhagic fever viruses (with the exception of ebola virus) in cell culture systems. in model infections with arenaviruses in guinea pigs and monkeys, ribavirin has demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. in therapeutic studies it has not prevented late-onset neurologic disease. in human cases of lassa fever, it significantly reduces mortality when administered before day 7 of illness to persons at high risk. in rod ...19892546248
comparison of immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serology of hantaan virus infections.three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) systems based upon different principles were developed for the serology of hantaan virus infections and compared with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). the indirect ifa was carried out with gamma-irradiated hantaan virus-infected and uninfected vero e6 cells fixed with ethanol (-70 degrees c) or acetone (20 degrees c) on drop slides and a fitc-coupled sheep anti-human ig preparation. atypical staining in the ifa was avoided by using ethan ...19892566619
immunoblot analysis of the serological response in hantavirus infections.sera from patients with nephropathia epidemica (ne) or korean hemorrhagic fever (khf) were tested for specific antibody response to antigens of hällnäs virus and hantaan virus strain 76-118. a vero e6 derived cell line persistently infected with hällnäs virus strain b1, and vero e6 cells freshly infected with hantaan virus type strain 76-118 were used as antigens in the immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and the immunoblot. blots were prepared from whole cell lysates. the convalescent-phase sera of ...19892566644
cross-reactive immunity among different serotypes of virus causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.spleen cells primed by prospect hill (ph) or puumala (pu) virus could cross-react with hantaan virus (hv) 76-118 strain-infected target cells after in vitro stimulation with hv-infected cells, although anti-ph or anti-pu immune serum showed no cross-reactive neutralizing (nt) activity to hv without complement. these results and our previous findings with cross-reactive cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) suggest that some epitopes recognized by ctls might be common among the hantavirus genus, while t ...19892567343
the minor problem of hemostatic impairment in nephropathia epidemica, the mild scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.nephropathia epidemica (ne) is the mild scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). its hemorrhagic manifestations are so mild that initially--as its name implies--it was not considered a hemorrhagic fever. it is, however, clinically, histologically, and epidemiologically similar to korean hemorrhagic fever (khf) except that hemorrhagic manifestations are fewer and mortality is lower. the etiologic agents of the two disorders, puumala virus (ne) and hantaan virus (khf), ar ...19892568675
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in korea.several clinical variants of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) are caused by hantaan and related viruses. since 1951, 500-900 patients with hfrs have been hospitalized annually in korea. although hfrs is associated primarily with rural areas, it is now being recognized as an urban problem and a particular hazard to laboratory staff using rodents for research. recently, epidemic outbreaks of leptospirosis and scrub typhus have occurred during the hfrs season, leading to confusion in di ...19892568676
the distribution and duration of hantaan virus in the body fluids of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.the distribution and duration of hantaan virus (htnv) in the body fluids of patients were studied by immunofluorescence, reverse passive hemagglutination, and cell culture assays. virus antigen of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) was usually present before day 11 of the disease, especially from days 4-7. virus isolates were more readily recovered from plasma early in the course of the illness and less frequently after day 7. the use of pbmcs rat ...19892569493
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in yugoslavia: antigenic characterization of hantaviruses isolated from apodemus flavicollis and clethrionomys glareolus.hantavirus antigens were detected in lung tissues of 8/113 apodemus flavicollis and 2/17 clethrionomys glareolus captured in 1984 in fojnica, a region of yugoslavia endemic for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; hantavirus antigens were not detected in lung tissues from 126 other mammals collected in fojnica. three hantaviruses, 2 from a. flavicollis and 1 from c. glareolus, were isolated directly in vero e6 cells and were partially characterized. the isolates from a. flavicollis, designated ...19892569846
[another case of hantaan virus infection in the netherlands].in a serological survey among dutch patients suspected of leptospirosis, using a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a patient was traced with a high antibody titre to hantaan virus. no anti-leptospira antibodies were detected in this 27-year-old man. shortly before he had been admitted to the hospital with progressive dyspnoea and coughing, accompanied with high fever. an interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed. he subsequently developed a progressive renal failure with proteinur ...19892572978
pathogenesis of hantaan virus in mice.the virulence of two virus clones (hv cl-1 and hv cl-2) of hantaan virus, which were plaque-purified on vero e6 cells, were compared in suckling mice infected by the intraperitoneal or intracerebral route. hv cl-1 increased the mortality of the mice whereas hv cl-2 did not. furthermore, virus of high titre was isolated from various organs of mice infected with hv cl-1 and high titres were maintained, whereas after infection with hv cl-2, virus was isolated from various organs only in low titre a ...19892573685
[the incidence and clinical picture of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in east slovakia: the eastern and western type].hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic in east slovakia. the paper presents the clinical picture of 4 serologically confirmed cases. two of the 4 patients had serological evidence of recent hantaan virus infection. positive immunofluorescent reactions with puumala virus (cg 18-20) were detected in the sera of the other two patients. the obtained results suggest the circulation of two serotypes of hfrs in slovakia.19892574625
[an electron microscopic study of viral infected peripheral mononuclear cells in epidemic hemorrhagic fever].ultrathin sections of peripheral blood cells from 7 patients of early stage epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) were reexamined under transmission electron microscope. virus particles were found in the cytoplasmic vacuoles of mononuclear cells from two patients. the morphology and morphogenesis of the matured virus were identical with those of hantaan virus of the bunyaviridae family. additionally, abnormal aggregations of tubuloreticular structure (trs) were sometimes encountered in the dilated ci ...19892576865
immune spleen cell-mediated protection against fatal hantaan virus infection in infant mice.to clarify the basis of the age-dependent susceptibility of infant mice to fatal meningoencephalitis caused by hantaan virus, we investigated the ability of spleen cells from immune and nonimmune weanling balb/c mice to confer protection to syngeneic infant mice. intraperitoneal transfer of 10 x 10(7), 5 x 10(7), 2.5 x 10(7), and 1.2 x 10(7) immune spleen cells to infant mice 24 hr after intracerebral challenge with 100 50% lethal doses of hantaan virus (strain 76-118) resulted in 100%, 70%, 64% ...19852857753
pathogenesis of hantaan virus infection in suckling mice: clinical, virologic, and serologic observations.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a debilitating disease of humans caused by hantaan virus (hv), the prototype member of a newly proposed genus of bunyaviridae. studies of hv pathogenesis have been limited by the absence of a well defined model for a virus-induced disease state. in an attempt to devise a model for hv pathogenesis in laboratory rodents, newborn outbred suckling icr mice were shown to be uniformly susceptible to lethal infection with non-mouse adapted hv by intracere ...19852858987
serological evidence of hantaan virus infection in the united states.we found low titers of fluorescent antibodies against hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, in sera from 7 of 1,035 patients with febrile illnesses of unknown origin and from 6 of 664 blood donors in the united states. all but 1 of these individuals possessed neutralizing antibodies against hantaan virus. this was a 31-year-old research technician who had worked with laboratory rodents with virus-induced tumors, but had not traveled abroad, suggesting that infection wit ...19852858988
antiviral neutralizing antibody to hantaan virus as determined by plaque reduction technique.the 76--118 strain of hantaan virus was titrated in e6 (vero) cells by the plaque method using agarose overlay medium. visible plaques, formed 10 days post-infection, were uniformly 2--3 mm in diameter. dose-response experiments showed that a single infectious particle initiated the formation of a plaque. infectivity titers by the plaque method were equivalent to those obtained by the endpoint method (tcid50) using the immunofluorescence antibody technique (ifa) for antigen detection. the single ...19852859845
outbreak of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in greece.an outbreak of eight cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in north-west greece is presented. the major clinical manifestation was fever and all patients subsequently developed decreased renal function and proteinuria. the disease was diagnosed by rising antibody titers to the hantaan virus.19852861091
hantaan virus. 19852861238
serological and virological evidence of a hantaan virus-related enzootic in the united states.the first isolation of a hantaan-related virus from a feral rat in the united states was made from a rattus norvegicus caught in new orleans. the strain, designated tchoupitoulas virus, is antigenically related to, but distinct from, the prototype strain 76-118 of hantaan virus and is the first hantaan-like virus isolated from the pancreas of a naturally infected animal. serosurveys of wild rodents from urban and rural areas in the united states indicated that hantaan-related viruses infected ur ...19852861241
experimental infection with puumala virus, the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica, in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus).subclinical chronic infections characterized by transient viremia, prolonged virus shedding in oropharyngeal secretions and feces, and virus persistence in tissues (particularly lung) developed in laboratory-bred weanling bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) inoculated intramuscularly with puumala virus (strain hällnäs), the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica. viral antigen, as evidence by granular fluorescence, was detected in the lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, and smal ...19852861296
isolation of a hantaan-related virus from brazilian rats and serologic evidence of its widespread distribution in south america.a serosurvey of domestic rats was conducted in several south american cities between september 1982 and march 1983 for evidence of hantavirus infection. antibody-positive rats were found in belem, são paulo and recife-olinda, brazil and in buenos aires, argentina, with the highest antibody prevalence rate detected in belem (30 positive of 54 tested, 56%). a virus isolated from tissues of a rattus norvegicus captured in belem, was shown to be antigenically similar to girard point viruses isolated ...19852862803
a scottish case of nephropathy due to hantaan virus infection.an illness characterised by acute renal failure, fever, conjunctivitis and a macular erythematous centrifugal rash is described in a scot who had not recently travelled abroad. there was serological evidence that the illness was due to hantaan or a closely related virus.19852863308
differential susceptibility and resistance of immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice to fatal hantaan virus infection.susceptibility and resistance to fatal hantaan virus meningoencephalitis were studied in immunocompetent (nu/+) and congenitally t-cell deficient (nu/nu) cd-1 mice of different ages. susceptibility of nu/+ mice to fatal infection was age-dependent, as evidenced by 100 percent mortality in mice inoculated intracerebrally with hantaan virus (strain 76-118) during the first week of life, 60 percent mortality in mice inoculated at 9 days of age, and no disease or death in mice inoculated at 14 to 42 ...19852864037
hantaan virus infection in suckling mice: virologic and pathologic correlates.the hantaan virus suckling mouse model was examined to delineate virologic and histopathologic characteristics of infection at the organ level. viral antigen and infectious virus were detected in all organs examined, with highest titers achieved in brain, lung, and kidney. a constellation of histologic lesions was identified in brain (diffuse meningoencephalitis with bilaterally symmetrical thalamic necrosis), liver (pericholangiohepatitis), lung (pneumonitis), and spleen (lymphoid hyperplasia); ...19852865331
serotypic classification of hantaviruses by indirect immunofluorescent antibody and plaque reduction neutralization tests.antisera prepared against 16 strains of hantaviruses isolated from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) or from rodents captured in hfrs-endemic and nonendemic regions were titrated against hantaan virus strain 76-118, puumala virus strain sotkamo, and prospect hill virus strain prospect hill-i by using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody and plaque reduction neutralization tests. isolates fell into one of four distinct groups or serotypes. serotype 1 included apodemus- ...19852866197
ribavirin therapy for hantaan virus infection in suckling mice.we recently reported that ribavirin inhibited hantaan virus (hv) replication in vitro. in the present study, we used the hv suckling mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with various doses of ribavirin. beginning on day 10, untreated animals, infected with ten times the amount of hv (strain 76/118) required to kill 50% of the animals, lost weight; by days 15 to 18, they developed paralysis of both hind limbs, and they died between days 20 and 21. treatment with 50 mg of ribavirin/kg ...19862869089
pathogenesis of experimental hantaan virus infection in laboratory rats.weanling fischer rats inoculated intramuscularly with hantaan virus (strain 76-118) developed subclinical infections characterized by transient viremia and shedding of virus in saliva, persistence of virus in lung, pancreas, spleen and liver, and development of fluorescent and neutralizing antibodies in serum with immune complex deposition in lung. viremia and virus shedding in saliva occurred 10 to 13 days after inoculation. horizontal intracage transmission of infection occurred between 35 and ...19862869749
epidemiological investigations following an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in greece.epidemiological investigations were conducted following an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) which occurred in the state of epirus, northwestern greece, in july and august 1983. a total of 8 patients were hospitalized during the outbreak; 3 were severely ill and 1 died. a serosurvey made in may 1984 sampled 184 of the approximately 400 residents of the village of tsepelovo, where 4 patients resided, and found 12 (6.5%) persons, including convalescent sera from 4 patients, ...19862871769
growth experiment of hantaan virus in a549 cells: an attempt to improve the immunofluorescent antibody technique for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.an assay method for the infectivity of hantaan virus, a causative agent of hfrs (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome), was developed by the use of ifa (immunofluorescent antibody technique). with the aid of this method, the growth characteristics of hantaan virus, 76-118 strain, were followed in a549 cells. at a maximal moi (multiplicity of infection) of 1.6 vaiu (viral antigen-inducing units) per cell, the conventionally available value, plateau level potencies of the viral antigen and virus ...19862872077
occurrence and distribution of hantavirus in wild living mammals in belgium.small mammals were screened for the presence of antibodies to hantaan virus (htn) and hantavirus (hv) antigen in belgium. antibody and antigen-positive animals were found in different parts of the country. one insectivore and five rodent species were found positive. the highest prevalence of infection was found in the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). a relation between infected animals and wet habitats was observed. it was obvious that in bank vole the likelihood of infection increased with ...19872883857
detection of specific serum immunoglobulin m in nephropathia epidemica (scandinavian epidemic nephropathy) by a biotin-avidin-amplified immunofluorescence method.a biotin-avidin-amplified indirect immunofluorescence method was used to demonstrate specific serum immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies in nephropathia epidemica, the scandinavian type of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the antigen in the test was the cross-reacting agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, hantaan virus. sixty-two serum samples from 15 patients with clinically typical nephropathia epidemica were analyzed. eleven patients had specific igm in one or more serum samples. the igm coul ...19872885340
role of t lymphocyte subsets in protection and recovery from hantaan virus infection in mice.adult athymic nude (balb/c background) mice or inbred balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with hantaan virus (hv), and attempts were made to isolate the virus from brain, lung and spleen. virus was isolated from the organs of balb/c mice for only a short time after infection but was isolated from various organs of nude mice consistently for at least 84 days after infection. viral antigen was also detected in various organs of nude mice for a long time after infection. the effects of ad ...19872885394
partial characterization of a hantavirus isolated from a clethrionomys glareolus captured in belgium.a hantavirus was isolated in vero-e6 cells from lungs of a free living bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) captured in turnhout, province of antwerp--northern part of belgium. with help of monoclonal antibodies the belgian hantavirus isolate could be clearly differentiated from hantaan virus strain 76-118, prospect hill virus strain ph1 and sr11, a hantavirus isolated from laboratory wistar rat in japan, but not from the nephropathia epidemica virus strain hällnäs.19872886029
detection of hantaviruses with rna probes generated from recombinant dna.radiolabeled rna probes generated from cdna clones of the m and s genome segments of hantaan virus readily detected hantaan virus and two isolates from korean hemorrhagic fever patients but were less effective in detecting four other hantaviruses.19872886113
clinical and epidemiological aspects of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in greece.twenty-three cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were serologically diagnosed in rural populations of greece between 1982 and 1985. the clinical picture of the disease was severe, (3 deaths recorded among 23 cases) and more closely resembled korean hemorrhagic fever than nephropathia epidemica. examination of patients' sera by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) assays and plaque reduction neutralization (prnt) tests using hantaan 76-118, puumala, and seoul (urban rat-associated hantaan ...19872888688
cats--source of protection or infection? a case-control study of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.in the first case-control study analyzing risk factors in sporadic hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, 111 cases occurring in shanghai in 1983 and 1984 and 136 matched controls were studied. three factors were associated with risk of disease: travel in the month before onset of illness, intense exposure to rodents in the home, and cat ownership. risk associated with cat ownership was not confounded by exposure to rodents in the home. neither cat ownership nor risk associated with rodent expos ...19872889355
[an epidemiologic study on rats associated with outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome--comparison with antibodies for two virus strain, hantaan virus 76-118 strain and newly isolated wkm strain]. 19872890696
[an epidemiologic study on hfrs after six years surveillance--comparison with antibodies for two virus strain, hantaan virus 76-118 strain and wkm strain in members of college]. 19872890697
[hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome caused by hantaan virus in france]. 19872892243
incidence and geographic distribution of serologically verified cases of nephropathia epidemica in sweden.a nationwide survey of hospitalized, serologically verified adult nephropathia epidemica cases in sweden from 1978 to 1981 was performed. serum was collected from 1,063 patients with a diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica or one of 10 other renal diseases with related symptoms. sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence technique for the presence of immunoglobulin g antibodies to hantaan virus, causative agent of korean hemorrhagic fever that cross-reacts with the nephropathia epidemica ag ...19882895579
haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: clinical, virological and epidemiological perspectives.haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is caused by a group of rna viruses within the family of bunyaviridae known as hantaviruses. the classical, severe form of hfrs is characterized by fever, headache, abdominal and lumbar pain, proteinuria, haemorrhagic phenomena, shock and renal failure. the disease is associated with the prototype hantaan virus and occurs in rural areas of korea and china with apodemus mice as reservoir hosts. a clinically less severe form of hfrs, which is caused by ...19872895603
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