| clinical evaluation of the cobas sars-cov-2 test and a diagnostic platform switch during 48 hours in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic. | laboratories are currently witnessing extraordinary demand globally for sampling devices, reagents, consumables, and diagnostic instruments needed for timely diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. to meet diagnostic needs as the pandemic grows, the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) recently granted several commercial sars-cov-2 tests emergency use authorization (eua), but manufacturer-independent evaluation data are scarce. we performed the fir ... | 2020 | 32277022 |
| comparative performance of sars-cov-2 detection assays using seven different primer-probe sets and one assay kit. | nearly 400,000 people worldwide are known to have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) beginning in december 2019. the virus has now spread to over 168 countries including the united states, where the first cluster of cases was observed in the seattle metropolitan area in washington. given the rapid increase in the number of cases in many localities, the availability of accurate, high-throughput sars-cov-2 testing is vital to efforts to manage the curre ... | 2020 | 32269100 |
| susceptibility of tree shrew to sars-cov-2 infection. | since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) became a pandemic event in the world, it has not only caused huge economic losses, but also a serious threat to global public health. many scientific questions about sars-cov-2 and coronavirus disease (covid-19) were raised and urgently need to be answered, including the susceptibility of animals to sars-cov-2 infection. here we tested whether tree shrew, an emerging experimental animal domesticated from wild animal, is susceptib ... | 2020 | 32994418 |
| evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectivity by pseudoviral particles. | since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in humans in late 2019, it has rapidly spread worldwide. to identify the biological characteristics of sars-cov-2 in a normal laboratory environment (biosafety level 2 [bsl-2]), a lentiviral-based nucleocapsid was used to carry the spike protein of sars-cov-2 onto the surface of pseudoviral particles as a surrogate model to evaluate the infective characterization of sars-cov-2. this study indicated that ... | 2020 | 32275081 |
| sars-cov-2 in fruit bats, ferrets, pigs, and chickens: an experimental transmission study. | in december, 2019, a novel zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus emerged in china. the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) became pandemic within weeks and the number of human infections and severe cases is increasing. we aimed to investigate the susceptibilty of potential animal hosts and the risk of anthropozoonotic spill-over infections. | 2020 | 32838346 |
| comparison of nonhuman primates identified the suitable model for covid-19. | identification of a suitable nonhuman primate (nhp) model of covid-19 remains challenging. here, we characterized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in three nhp species: old world monkeys macaca mulatta (m. mulatta) and macaca fascicularis (m. fascicularis) and new world monkey callithrix jacchus (c. jacchus). infected m. mulatta and m. fascicularis showed abnormal chest radiographs, an increased body temperature and a decreased body weight. viral genomes wer ... | 2020 | 32814760 |
| intranasal exposure of african green monkeys to sars-cov-2 results in acute phase pneumonia with shedding and lung injury still present in the early convalescence phase. | we recently reported the development of the first african green monkey (agm) model for covid-19 based on a combined liquid intranasal (i.n.) and intratracheal (i.t.) exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). here, we followed up on this work by assessing an i.n. particle only route of exposure using the lma mucosal atomization device (mad). six agms were infected with sars-cov-2; three animals were euthanized near the peak stage of virus replication (day 5) and th ... | 2020 | 32818211 |
| intranasal exposure of african green monkeys to sars-cov-2 results in acute phase pneumonia with shedding and lung injury still present in the early convalescence phase. | we recently reported the development of the first african green monkey (agm) model for covid-19 based on a combined liquid intranasal (i.n.) and intratracheal (i.t.) exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). here, we followed up on this work by assessing an i.n. particle only route of exposure using the lma mucosal atomization device (mad). six agms were infected with sars-cov-2; three animals were euthanized near the peak stage of virus replication (day 5) and th ... | 2020 | 32811514 |
| small particle aerosol exposure of african green monkeys to mers-cov as a model for highly pathogenic coronavirus infection. | emerging coronaviruses are a global public health threat because of the potential for person-to-person transmission and high mortality rates. middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012, causing lethal respiratory disease in »35% of cases. primate models of coronavirus disease are needed to support development of therapeutics, but few models exist that recapitulate severe disease. for initial development of a mers-cov primate model, 12 african green monkeys were expos ... | 2020 | 32744989 |
| hydroxychloroquine use against sars-cov-2 infection in non-human primates. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic and no antiviral drug or vaccine is yet available for the treatment of this disease1-3. several clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of repurposed drugs that have demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro. among these candidates, hydroxychloroquine (hcq) has been given to thousands of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-the virus that causes covid-19-worldwi ... | 2020 | 32698191 |
| chloroquine does not inhibit infection of human lung cells with sars-cov-2. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has been associated with more than 780,000 deaths worldwide (as of 20 august 2020). to develop antiviral interventions quickly, drugs used for the treatment of unrelated diseases are currently being repurposed to treat covid-19. chloroquine is an anti-malaria drug that is used for the treatment of covid-19 as it inhibits the spread of sars-cov-2 in the african green ... | 2020 | 32698190 |
| establishment of an african green monkey model for covid-19. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for an unprecedented global pandemic of covid-19. animal models are urgently needed to study the pathogenesis of covid-19 and to screen candidate vaccines and treatments. nonhuman primates (nhp) are considered the gold standard model for many infectious pathogens as they usually best reflect the human condition. here, we show that african green monkeys support a high level of sars-cov-2 replication and develop pronounced ... | 2020 | 32511377 |
| development of an inactivated vaccine candidate, bbibp-corv, with potent protection against sars-cov-2. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) threatens global public health. the development of a vaccine is urgently needed for the prevention and control of covid-19. here, we report the pilot-scale production of an inactivated sars-cov-2 vaccine candidate (bbibp-corv) that induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies titers in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and nonhuman primates (cynomolgus monkeys and rhesus maca ... | 2020 | 32778225 |
| characteristic and quantifiable covid-19-like abnormalities in ct- and pet/ct-imaged lungs of sars-cov-2-infected crab-eating macaques (macaca fascicularis). | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is causing an exponentially increasing number of coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) cases globally. prioritization of medical countermeasures for evaluation in randomized clinical trials is critically hindered by the lack of covid-19 animal models that enable accurate, quantifiable, and reproducible measurement of covid-19 pulmonary disease free from observer bias. we first used serial computed tomography (ct) to demonstrate that bilate ... | 2020 | 32511338 |
| comparative pathogenesis of covid-19, mers, and sars in a nonhuman primate model. | the current pandemic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), was recently identified in patients with an acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). to compare its pathogenesis with that of previously emerging coronaviruses, we inoculated cynomolgus macaques with sars-cov-2 or middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)-cov and compared the pathology and virology with historical reports of sars-cov infections. in sars-cov-2-infected macaques, v ... | 2020 | 32303590 |
| ocular conjunctival inoculation of sars-cov-2 can cause mild covid-19 in rhesus macaques. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is highly transmitted through the respiratory route, but potential extra-respiratory routes of sars-cov-2 transmission remain uncertain. here we inoculated five rhesus macaques with 1 × 106 tcid50 of sars-cov-2 conjunctivally (cj), intratracheally (it), and intragastrically (ig). nasal and throat swabs collected from cj and it had detectable viral rna at 1-7 days post-inoculation (dpi). viral rna was detected in anal swabs from only th ... | 2020 | 32879306 |
| delayed severe cytokine storm and immune cell infiltration in sars-cov-2-infected aged chinese rhesus macaques. | as of june 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has killed an estimated 440 000 people worldwide, 74% of whom were aged ≥65 years, making age the most significant risk factor for death caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. to examine the effect of age on death, we established a sars-cov-2 infection model in chinese rhesus macaques ( macaca mulatta) of varied ages. results indicated that infected young macaques manifested impaired respiratory funct ... | 2020 | 32772513 |
| chadox1 ncov-19 vaccine prevents sars-cov-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) emerged in december 20191,2 and is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic3. vaccines are an essential countermeasure and are urgently needed to control the pandemic4. here we show that the adenovirus-vector-based vaccine chadox1 ncov-19, which encodes the spike protein of sars-cov-2, is immunogenic in mice and elicites a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. this response was predominantly mediated by typ ... | 2020 | 32731258 |
| single-shot ad26 vaccine protects against sars-cov-2 in rhesus macaques. | a safe and effective vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) may be required to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic1-8. for global deployment and pandemic control, a vaccine that requires only a single immunization would be optimal. here we show the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a single dose of adenovirus serotype 26 (ad26) vector-based vaccines expressing the sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein in non-human primates. fifty-two rhesus macaq ... | 2020 | 32731257 |
| a vaccine targeting the rbd of the s protein of sars-cov-2 induces protective immunity. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes a respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), the spread of which has led to a pandemic. an effective preventive vaccine against this virus is urgently needed. as an essential step during infection, sars-cov-2 uses the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the spike protein to engage with the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) on host cells1,2. here we show that a recombinant vaccine that comprises re ... | 2020 | 32726802 |
| potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against sars-cov-2. | the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), is a major threat to global health1 and the medical countermeasures available so far are limited2,3. moreover, we currently lack a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of humoral immunity to sars-cov-24. here we analyse a large panel of human monoclonal antibodies that target the spike (s) glycoprotein5, and identify several that exhibit potent neutral ... | 2020 | 32668443 |
| safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of high-dose ivermectin and chloroquine against the liver stage of plasmodium cynomolgi infection in rhesus macaques. | previously, ivermectin (1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight) was shown to inhibit the liver-stage development of plasmodium berghei in orally dosed mice. here, ivermectin showed inhibition of the in vitro development of plasmodium cynomolgi schizonts (50% inhibitory concentration [ic50], 10.42 μm) and hypnozoites (ic50, 29.24 μm) in primary macaque hepatocytes when administered as a high dose prophylactically but not when administered in radical cure mode. the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ... | 2020 | 32660993 |
| primary exposure to sars-cov-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has become a global pandemic. it is unclear whether convalescing patients have a risk of reinfection. we generated a rhesus macaque model of sars-cov-2 infection that was characterized by interstitial pneumonia and systemic viral dissemination mainly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. rhesus macaques reinfected with the identical sars-cov-2 strain ... | 2020 | 32616673 |
| chadox1 ncov-19 vaccination prevents sars-cov-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) emerged in december 20191,2 and is responsible for the covid-19 pandemic3. vaccines are an essential countermeasure urgently needed to control the pandemic4. here, we show that the adenovirus-vectored vaccine chadox1 ncov-19, encoding the spike protein of sars-cov-2, is immunogenic in mice, eliciting a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. this response was not th2 dominated, as demonstrated by igg subclass and cytokine expression ... | 2020 | 32511340 |
| a human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of sars-cov-2. | an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)1-3, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)4, has spread globally. countermeasures are needed to treat and prevent further dissemination of the virus. here we report the isolation of two specific human monoclonal antibodies (termed ca1 and cb6) from a patient convalescing from covid-19. ca1 and cb6 demonstrated potent sars-cov-2-specific neutralization activity in vitro. in addition, cb6 inhibited infection with sa ... | 2020 | 32454512 |
| sars-cov-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques. | an understanding of protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. a key unanswered question is whether infection with sars-cov-2 results in protective immunity against reexposure. we developed a rhesus macaque model of sars-cov-2 infection and observed that macaques had high viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract, humora ... | 2020 | 32434946 |
| dna vaccine protection against sars-cov-2 in rhesus macaques. | the global coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has made the development of a vaccine a top biomedical priority. in this study, we developed a series of dna vaccine candidates expressing different forms of the sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein and evaluated them in 35 rhesus macaques. vaccinated animals developed humoral and cellular immune responses, including neutralizing antibody titers at levels comparable to those fou ... | 2020 | 32434945 |
| pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural china and low-income countries when dealing with covid-19. | according to the latest reports, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which caused coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), was successfully isolated from the excreta (stool and urine) of covid-19 patients, suggesting sars-cov-2 could be transmitted through excreta contaminated water. as pit latrines and the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer were common in rural china, we surveyed 27 villages of jiangxi and hubei provinces and found that pit latrines could be a potentia ... | 2020 | 33162149 |
| risk assessment of sars-cov-2 in antarctic wildlife. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). this pathogen has spread rapidly across the world, causing high numbers of deaths and significant social and economic impacts. sars-cov-2 is a novel coronavirus with a suggested zoonotic origin with the potential for cross-species transmission among animals. antarctica can be considered the only continent free of sars-cov-2. therefore, concerns have been expressed regar ... | 2020 | 33162142 |
| laboratory diagnosis of covid-19 in china: a review of challenging cases and analysis. | since the initial emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in wuhan, hubei province, china, a rapid spread of the disease occurred around the world, rising to become an international global health concern at pandemic level. in the face of this medical challenge threatening humans, the development of rapid and accurate methods for early screening and diagnosis of covid-19 became crucial to containing the emerging public health threat, and prevent further spread within the population. desp ... | 2020 | 33153907 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-associated urogenital disease: a current update. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which is quickly spreading around the world and causes coronavirus disease 2019, may attack the urogenital system. we thought that a summary of the current literature about urogenital disease associated with the virus would be useful for physicians treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019. pubmed was comprehensively screened for studies published from 2019 to 2020. studies of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with kidney disease, reproducti ... | 2020 | 33151049 |
| bioinformatic study to discover natural molecules with activity against covid-19. | background: in 2020, the world has struggled to deal with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which started in 2019 in china and has spread throughout the globe, affecting at least 31,175,835 humans globally and claiming 962,634 lives reported till 22nd september, 2020 by the world health organization. the main causative agent for this disease is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). so far, there is no cure or proven therapeutics available till date. therefore, ... | 2020 | 33145015 |
| measuring immunity to sars-cov-2 infection: comparing assays and animal models. | the rapid scale-up of research on coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has spawned a large number of potential vaccines and immunotherapies, accompanied by a commensurately large number of in vitro assays and in vivo models to measure their effectiveness. these assays broadly have the same end-goal - to predict the clinical efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in humans. however, the apparent potency of different interventions can vary considerably between assays and animal mode ... | 2020 | 33139888 |
| the potential role of super spread events in sars-cov-2 pandemic; a narrative review. | coronaviruses, members of coronaviridae family, cause extensive epidemics of vast diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) in animals and humans. super spread events (sses) potentiate early outbreak of the disease and its constant spread in later stages. viral recombination events within species and across hosts lead to natural selection based on advanced infectivity and resistance. in this review, the importance of containment of sses was inve ... | 2020 | 33134970 |
| genomic modeling as an approach to identify surrogates for use in experimental validation of sars-cov-2 and hunov inactivation by uv-c treatment. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for the covid-19 pandemic that continues to pose significant public health concerns. while research to deliver vaccines and antivirals are being pursued, various effective technologies to control its environmental spread are also being targeted. ultraviolet light (uv-c) technologies are effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms when used even on large surface areas. in this study, we developed a pyrimidine din ... | 2020 | 33133042 |
| long-acting nanoparticulate dnase-1 for effective suppression of sars-cov-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a new strain of coronavirus not previously identified in humans. globally, the number of confirmed cases and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) have risen dramatically. currently, there are no fda-approved antiviral drugs and there is an urgency to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress sars-cov-2-mediated cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), and sepsis. as symptoms pro ... | 2020 | 33130319 |
| could sars-cov-2-induced lung injury be attenuated by vitamin d? | a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, sars-cov-2) has been confirmed to have the capacity to transmit from humans to humans, causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and acute lung injury. angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ace2) has been found to be expressed on type ii pneumocytes. as a counterregulatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system (ras), ace2 plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of ards and acute lung injury. the affinity of the spike protei ... | 2020 | 33129966 |
| pervasive rna secondary structure in the genomes of sars-cov-2 and other coronaviruses. | the ultimate outcome of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic is unknown and is dependent on a complex interplay of its pathogenicity, transmissibility, and population immunity. in the current study, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) was investigated for the presence of large-scale internal rna base pairing in its genome. this property, termed genome-scale ordered rna structure (gors) has been previously associated with host persistence in other positive-str ... | 2020 | 33127861 |
| what defines an efficacious covid-19 vaccine? a review of the challenges assessing the clinical efficacy of vaccines against sars-cov-2. | the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has caused more than 1 million deaths in the first 6 months of the pandemic and huge economic and social upheaval internationally. an efficacious vaccine is essential to prevent further morbidity and mortality. although some countries might deploy covid-19 vaccines on the strength of safety and immunogenicity data alone, the goal of vaccine development is to gain direct evidence of vaccine efficacy in protecting ... | 2020 | 33125914 |
| global scenario, public health concerns and mitigation strategies to counter current ongoing sars-cov-2 / covid-19 pandemic. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (sars-cov-2), the etiological agent of the novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), has posed a great public health threat to the global community as a pandemic. the origin of the virus has been linked to animals, through a yet-to-be-identified intermediate host. the disease is transmitted to humans mainly through inhalation or contact with infected droplets. the variable clinical presentation of covid-19 includes fever, cough, sore throat, breathles ... | 2020 | 33121328 |
| molecular diversity of coronavirus host cell entry receptors. | coronaviruses are a group of viruses causing disease in a wide range of animals including humans. since 2002, the successive emergence of bat-borne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (sads-cov) and sars-cov-2 have reinforced efforts in uncovering the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms governing coronavirus cell tropism and interspecies transmission. decades of studies have ... | 2020 | 33118022 |
| [evaluation of patients diagnosed with covid-19 in terms of risk factors]. | coronaviruses are rna viruses that can cause disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract in humans and animals. lately, a new coronavirus causing pneumonia cases was detected in wuhan, china in december 2019. soon after, the name of the virus was identified as the "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2", and the world health organization named the disease coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19). in our country, the first cases began to appear in the second week of march. in this study ... | 2020 | 33107286 |
| sterilizing immunity against sars-cov-2 infection in mice by a single-shot and modified imidazoquinoline tlr7/8 agonist-adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine. | the search for vaccines that protect from severe morbidity and mortality as a result of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a race against the clock and the virus. several vaccine candidates are currently being tested in the clinic. inactivated virus and recombinant protein vaccines can be safe options but may require adjuvants to induce robust immune responses efficiently. in this work we descr ... | 2020 | 33106810 |
| viewpoint: origin of sars-cov-2. | the origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) virus causing the covid-19 pandemic has not yet been fully determined. despite the consensus about the sars-cov-2 origin from bat cov ratg13, discrepancy to host tropism to other human coronaviruses exist. sars-cov-2 also possesses some differences in its s protein receptor-binding domain, glycan-binding n-terminal domain and the surface of the sialic acid-binding domain. despite similarities based on cryo-em and bioc ... | 2020 | 33105685 |
| neutralizing and binding activities against sars-cov-1/2, mers-cov, and human coronaviruses 229e and oc43 by normal human intravenous immunoglobulin derived from healthy donors in japan. | there are several types of coronaviruses that infect humans and cause disease. the latest is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which is an emerging global threat with no current effective treatment. normal intravenous immunoglobulin (n-ivig) has been administered to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients to control severe inflammation and the cellular immune response. however, the neutralizing activity of n-ivig against sars-cov-2 has not yet been fully evaluate ... | 2020 | 33104267 |
| the potential intermediate hosts for sars-cov-2. | the coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has become a global pandemic since the first report in wuhan. covid-19 is a zoonotic disease and the natural reservoir of sars-cov-2 seems to be bats. however, the intermediate host explaining the transmission and evolvement is still unclear. in addition to the wildlife which has access to contact with bats in the natural ecological environment and then infects humans in wildlife market, ... | 2020 | 33101254 |
| anti-sars-cov natural products with the potential to inhibit sars-cov-2 (covid-19). | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), known to cause the disease covid-19, was declared a pandemic in early 2020. the objective of this review was to collate information regarding the potential of plants and natural products to inhibit coronavirus and targets associated with infection in humans and to highlight known drugs, which may have potential activity against sars-cov-2. due to the similarity in the rna genome, main proteases, and primary host receptor between s ... | 2020 | 33101023 |
| the pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights. | humans and viruses have been coevolving for millennia. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2, the virus that causes covid-19) has been particularly successful in evading our evolved defenses. the outcome has been tragic-across the globe, millions have been sickened and hundreds of thousands have died. moreover, the quarantine has radically changed the structure of our lives, with devastating social and economic consequences that are likely to unfold for years. an evolutiona ... | 2020 | 33093198 |
| molecular characterization, pathogen-host interaction pathway and in silico approaches for vaccine design against covid-19. | covid-19 has forsaken the world because of extremely high infection rates and high mortality rates. at present we have neither medicine nor vaccine to prevent this pandemic. lockdowns, curfews, isolations, quarantines, and social distancing are the only ways to mitigate their infection. this is badly affecting the mental health of people. hence, there is an urgent need to address this issue. coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is caused by a novel betacorona virus named sars-cov-2 (severe acute ... | 2020 | 33091590 |
| susceptibility of livestock and companion animals to covid-19. | while the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) continues to wreak havoc, there is little known about the susceptibility of the livestock and companion animals relative to humans. here, we explore the susceptibility of companion and agricultural animals, in light of the existing information on natural infections, experimental infections, serosurveillance, and in vitro protein-homology binding interaction studies of the sars-cov ... | 2020 | 33090532 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2): a perspective through the lens of the veterinary diagnostic laboratory. | the sars-cov-2 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented challenges to veterinary diagnostic laboratories. these challenges include partial or complete shutdowns, interrupted courier services, disruptions in workflow and diagnostic testing, new physical distancing practices, protocol development or enhancement for handling samples from high-risk or susceptible species, and fulfilling requirements for pre-test permission approval from state and federal veterinary agencies, all of which have been imp ... | 2020 | 33088836 |
| dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in sars-cov-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been declared a global pandemic and urgent treatment and prevention strategies are needed. nitazoxanide, an anthelmintic drug has been shown to exhibit in vitro activity against sars-cov-2. the present study used physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (pbpk) modelling to inform optimal doses of nitazoxanide capable of maintaining plasma and lung tizoxanide exposures above the reported sars-cov-2 ec90 . | 2020 | 33085781 |
| a pragmatic randomized controlled trial reports lack of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine on coronavirus disease 2019 viral kinetics. | here, we randomized 53 patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) to hydroxychloroquine therapy (at a dose of 400 mg twice daily for seven days) in addition to standard care or standard care alone (clinicaltrials.gov identifier, nct04316377). all severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) positive patients 18 years of age or older were eligible for study inclusion if they had moderately severe covid-19 at admission. treatment with hydroxychloroquine did not ... | 2020 | 33082342 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated sars-cov-2 vaccine, bbibp-corv: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial. | the ongoing covid-19 pandemic warrants accelerated efforts to test vaccine candidates. we aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) vaccine candidate, bbibp-corv, in humans. | 2020 | 33069281 |
| rapid in vitro assays for screening neutralizing antibodies and antivirals against sars-cov-2. | towards the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (cov) named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), genetically similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), emerged in wuhan, hubei province of china, and has been responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in humans. since its first report, sars-cov-2 has resulted in a global pandemic, with over 10 million human infections and over 560,000 deaths reported worldwide at the end of june 2020. curre ... | 2020 | 33068703 |
| sars-cov-2 is restricted by zinc finger antiviral protein despite preadaptation to the low-cpg environment in humans. | recent evidence shows that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is sensitive to interferons (ifns). however, the most effective types of ifns and the underlying antiviral effectors remain to be defined. here, we show that zinc finger antiviral protein (zap), which preferentially targets cpg dinucleotides in viral rna sequences, restricts sars-cov-2. we further demonstrate that zap and its cofactors khnyn and trim25 are expressed in human lung cells. type i, ii, and iii if ... | 2020 | 33067384 |
| higher mortality of covid-19 in males: sex differences in immune response and cardiovascular comorbidities. | the high mortality rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection is a critical concern of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. strikingly, men account for the majority of covid-19 deaths, with current figures ranging from 59-75% of total mortality. however, despite clear implications in relation to covid-19 mortality, most research has not considered sex as a critical factor in data analysis. here, we highlight fundamental biological differences that ... | 2020 | 33063089 |
| from people to panthera: natural sars-cov-2 infection in tigers and lions at the bronx zoo. | despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has killed millions. zoonoses and human-to-animal cross-species transmission are driven by human actions and have important management, conservation, and public health implications. the current sars-cov-2 pande ... | 2020 | 33051368 |
| incidence and treatment of arrhythmias secondary to coronavirus infection in humans: a systematic review. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. arrhythmias are prevalent and reportedly, the second most common complication. several mechanistic pathways are proposed to explain the pro-arrhythmic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. a number of treatment approaches have been trialled, each with its inherent unique challenges. this rapid systematic review a ... | 2020 | 33043453 |
| viruses that can and cannot coexist with humans and the future of sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has become a worldwide pandemic. many projections concerning the outbreak, such as the estimated number of cases and deaths in upcoming months, have been made available. however, what happens to the virus after the pandemic subsides has not been fully explored. in this article, we discuss the ways that past and present human viruses have emerged via zoonotic transmission, the mechanisms that they have acquired the ability for effective ... | 2020 | 33042101 |
| favipiravir at high doses has potent antiviral activity in sars-cov-2-infected hamsters, whereas hydroxychloroquine lacks activity. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) rapidly spread around the globe after its emergence in wuhan in december 2019. with no specific therapeutic and prophylactic options available, the virus has infected millions of people of which more than half a million succumbed to the viral disease, covid-19. the urgent need for an effective treatment together with a lack of small animal infection models has led to clinical trials using repurposed drugs without preclinical evidence o ... | 2020 | 33037151 |
| potential zoonotic sources of sars-cov-2 infections. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) causing coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) likely has evolutionary origins in other animals than humans based on genetically related viruses existing in rhinolophid bats and pangolins. similar to other animal coronaviruses, sars-cov-2 contains a functional furin cleavage site in its spike protein, which may broaden the sars-cov-2 host range and affect pathogenesis. whether ongoing zoonotic infections are possible in addition to ef ... | 2020 | 33034151 |
| death of a neonate with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 born to a mother with coronavirus disease 2019 in iran: a case report. | a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was first reported in wuhan, china, in december 2019. the virus, known as covid-19, is recognized as a potentially life-threatening disease by causing severe respiratory disease. since this virus has not previously been detected in humans, there is a paucity of information regarding its effects on humans. in addition, only limited or no information exists about its impact during pregnancy. | 2020 | 33023635 |
| origin, structural characteristics, prevention measures, diagnosis and potential drugs to prevent and covid-19. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). this disease was detected in the city of wuhan in china in december 2019. people infected with covid-19 shows varying manifestations, depending on their health and age. the most common symptoms are fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue, odynophagia, and dyspnea. infected adults older 60 years of age are the group of patients most susceptible to severe covid-19 states and present comor-bidity in the ... | 2020 | 33017386 |
| predicting susceptibility to sars-cov-2 infection based on structural differences in ace2 across species. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the cause of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19). sars-cov-2 is a zoonotic disease, but little is known about variations in species susceptibility that could identify potential reservoir species, animal models, and the risk to pets, wildlife, and livestock. certain species, such as domestic cats and tigers, are susceptible to sars-cov-2 infection, while other species such as mice and chickens are not. most ani ... | 2020 | 33015868 |
| survival of sars-cov-2 and influenza virus on the human skin: importance of hand hygiene in covid-19. | the stability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) on human skin remains unknown, considering the hazards of viral exposure to humans. we generated a model that allows the safe reproduction of clinical studies on the application of pathogens to human skin and elucidated the stability of sars-cov-2 on the human skin. | 2020 | 33009907 |
| the antibody response to the glycan α-gal correlates with covid-19 disease symptoms. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has affected millions of people worldwide. characterization of the immunological mechanisms involved in disease symptomatology and protective response is important to progress in disease control and prevention. humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize the glycan galα1-3galβ1-(3)4glcnac-r (α-gal), which resulted in the development of a protective response against path ... | 2020 | 33009829 |
| covid-19 pandemic: current knowledge about the role of pets and other animals in disease transmission. | on 11 march 2020, the world health organization (who) announced corona virus disease (covid-19), a disease caused by a pathogen called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a pandemic. this ongoing pandemic has now been reported in 215 countries with more than 23 million confirmed cases and more than 803 thousand deaths worldwide as of august 22, 2020. although efforts are undergoing, there is no approved vaccine or any specific antiretroviral drug to treat covid-19 so fa ... | 2020 | 33008410 |
| targeting coagulation activation in severe covid-19 pneumonia: lessons from bacterial pneumonia and sepsis. | novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), has rapidly spread throughout the world, resulting in a pandemic with high mortality. there are no effective treatments for the management of severe covid-19 and current therapeutic trials are focused on antiviral therapy and attenuation of hyper-inflammation with anti-cytokine therapy. severe covid-19 pneumonia shares some pathological similarities with severe bacterial pneumonia a ... | 2020 | 33004529 |
| a computational toolset for rapid identification of sars-cov-2, other viruses and microorganisms from sequencing data. | in this paper, we present a toolset and related resources for rapid identification of viruses and microorganisms from short-read or long-read sequencing data. we present fastv as an ultra-fast tool to detect microbial sequences present in sequencing data, identify target microorganisms and visualize coverage of microbial genomes. this tool is based on the k-mer mapping and extension method. k-mer sets are generated by uniquekmer, another tool provided in this toolset. uniquekmer can generate com ... | 2020 | 33003197 |
| experimental infection of domestic dogs and cats with sars-cov-2: pathogenesis, transmission, and response to reexposure in cats. | the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has reached nearly every country in the world with extraordinary person-to-person transmission. the most likely original source of the virus was spillover from an animal reservoir and subsequent adaptation to humans sometime during the winter of 2019 in wuhan province, china. because of its genetic similarity to sars-cov-1, it is probable that this novel virus has a similar host range and receptor specificity. du ... | 2020 | 32994343 |
| the increasing importance of the novel coronavirus. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) instigated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has infected more`` than 20 million people, with more than more than 700000 deaths globally; and has been declared a pandemic. sars-cov-2 is recognized as the seventh coronavirus affecting homo sapiens. the symptoms of covid-19 consist of an elevated temperature, cough, diarrhea, and vomiting amongst others, whereas the transmission of sars-cov-2 is believed to arise via release of res ... | 2020 | 32990100 |
| the immune response and immunopathology of covid-19. | coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1960s and are named due to their crown-like shape. sometimes, but not often, a coronavirus can infect both animals and humans. an acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or sars-cov-2 previously known as 2019-ncov) was identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) as it spread throughout china and subsequently across the globe. as of 14th july 2020, a total of 13.1 millio ... | 2020 | 32983152 |
| immunosuppressive drugs and covid-19: a review. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). it is currently unknown whether immunosuppressive drugs are advantageous or detrimental in patients with covid-19. immunosuppressive drugs could be harmful in the initial phase of covid-19. in this phase, the host immune response is necessary to inhibit viral replication. however, immunosuppressive drugs might have a beneficial effect in the later, more severe phase of covid-19. in this ... | 2020 | 32982743 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, covid-19, and the renin-angiotensin system: pressing needs and best research practices. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic is associated with significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world, predominantly due to lung and cardiovascular injury. the virus responsible for covid-19-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-gains entry into host cells via ace2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). ace2 is a primary enzyme within the key counter-regulatory pathway of the renin-angiotensin system (ras), which acts to oppose the actions of ang (angiotensin) ii by ... | 2020 | 32981369 |
| quantification of sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibody by a pseudotyped virus-based assay. | pseudotyped viruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility. on the basis of a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) pseudotyped virus production system, we developed a pseudotyped virus-based neutralization assay against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in biosafety level 2 facilities. compared with the binding antibody test, the neutralization assay could discriminate the protective agents from the antibody family. this protocol includes prod ... | 2020 | 32978602 |
| s protein-reactive igg and memory b cell production after human sars-cov-2 infection includes broad reactivity to the s2 subunit. | the high susceptibility of humans to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), reflects the novelty of the virus and limited preexisting b cell immunity. igg against the sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein, which carries the novel receptor binding domain (rbd), is absent or at low levels in unexposed individuals. to better understand the b cell response to sars-cov-2 infection, we asked whether virus-reactive memory b cells ... | 2020 | 32978311 |
| evolution of sars-cov-2 genome from december 2019 to late march 2020: emerged haplotypes and informative tag nucleotide variations. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes serious disease in humans. first identified in november/december 2019 in china, it has rapidly spread worldwide. we analyzed 2790 sars-cov-2 genome sequences from 56 countries that were available on april 2, 2020, to assess the evolution of the virus during this early phase of its expansion. we aimed to assess sequence variations that had evolved in virus genomes, giving the greatest attention to the s gene. we also aimed to ide ... | 2020 | 32975856 |
| single-cell rna-seq identifies cell subsets in human placenta that highly expresses factors driving pathogenesis of sars-cov-2. | infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) results in the novel coronavirus disease covid-19, which has posed a serious threat globally. infection of sars-cov-2 during pregnancy is associated with complications such as preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes, and a proportion of neonates born to infected mothers are also positive for the virus. during pregnancy, the placental barrier protects the fetus from pathogens and ensures healthy development. to ... | 2020 | 32974340 |
| the 2020 pandemic: current sars-cov-2 vaccine development. | coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome infecting animals and humans. coronaviruses have been described more than 70 years ago and contain many species. severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) are lethal species caused by human coronaviruses (hcovs). currently, a novel strain of hcovs, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). sars-cov-2 w ... | 2020 | 32973779 |
| zoonotic and reverse zoonotic events of sars-cov-2 and their impact on global health. | coronaviruses (covs) are enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded rna viruses. the viruses have adapted to infect a large number of animal species, ranging from bats to camels. at present, seven covs infect humans, of which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in humans. since its emergence in late 2019, sars-cov-2 has spread rapidly across the globe. healthcare systems around the globe have been stretch ... | 2020 | 32967592 |
| animal models for covid-19. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the aetiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), an emerging respiratory infection caused by the introduction of a novel coronavirus into humans late in 2019 (first detected in hubei province, china). as of 18 september 2020, sars-cov-2 has spread to 215 countries, has infected more than 30 million people and has caused more than 950,000 deaths. as humans do not have pre-existing immunity to sars-cov-2, there is an urg ... | 2020 | 32967005 |
| attenuated subcomponent vaccine design targeting the sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein rna binding domain: in silico analysis. | the novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has previously never been identified with humans, thereby creating devastation in public health. the need for an effective vaccine to curb this pandemic cannot be overemphasized. in view of this, we designed a subcomponent antigenic peptide vaccine targeting the n-terminal (nt) and c-terminal (ct) rna binding domains of the nucleocapsid protein that aid in viral replication. promising ... | 2020 | 32964056 |
| transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) to animals: an updated review. | covid-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) originated in wuhan (hubei province, china) during late 2019. it has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. covid-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. in addition to the considerable covid-19 cases, hospitalizat ... | 2020 | 32957995 |
| diagnosis of covid-19: facts and challenges. | at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) emerged in wuhan, china, then spread rapidly across the country and throughout the world. the causative agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2); according to the international committee on taxonomy of viruses, this virus has a nucleic acid sequence that is different from other known coronaviruses but has some similarity to the beta coronavirus identified in bats. coronaviruses are a large virus group ... | 2020 | 32953123 |
| glycogen synthase kinase-3: a putative target to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic. | the coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) had turned out to be highly pathogenic and transmittable. researchers throughout the globe are still struggling to understand this strain's aggressiveness in search of putative therapies for its control. crosstalk between oxidative stress and systemic inflammation seems to support the progression of the infection. glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3) is a conserved serine/threonine ... | 2020 | 32948440 |
| irrigation system and covid-19 recurrence: a potential risk factor in the transmission of sars-cov-2. | several lines of evidence suggest the presence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) in wastewater. the use of sewage water for irrigation is common in many developing countries, and it is only partially treated in the majority of countries with less than 10% of collected wastewater receiving any form of treatment globally. wastewater is unsafe for human and animal consumption and contains impurities and microbial pathogens. here, we pose the question of whether the reuse of unt ... | 2020 | 32945160 |
| molecular basis of pathogenesis of coronaviruses: a comparative genomics approach to planetary health to prevent zoonotic outbreaks in the 21st century. | in the first quarter of the 21st century, we are already facing the third emergence of a coronavirus outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. comparative genomics can inform a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of covid-19. previous strains of coronavirus, sars-cov, and middle-east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov), have been known to cause acute lung injuries in humans. sars-cov-2 ... | 2020 | 32940573 |
| tocilizumab in sars-cov-2 patients with the syndrome of cytokine storm; a narrative review. | coronavirus is a group of viruses which causes diseases in mammals and birds. in humans, these family of viruses can cause the respiratory infections from mild form to fatal forms. it is preferably called as coronavirus. formally it known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- ncov) and this disease is called as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). sars-cov-2 is infectious in humans and world health organization has announced that covid-1 ... | 2020 | 32940187 |
| laparoscopy during the covid-19 pandemic: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. | from a local outbreak to a global pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection has spread across 210 borders to infect 2.5 million humans. there is an organized disruption in the routine hospital functioning to divert the available resources for effective crisis management; most of the departments have been split to carve out a "covid task force." the recommended indications for treatment of various medical conditions, medical procedures, and protocols have regressed o ... | 2020 | 32939109 |
| reverse vaccinology assisted designing of multiepitope-based subunit vaccine against sars-cov-2. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) linked with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) cause severe illness and life-threatening pneumonia in humans. the current covid-19 pandemic demands an effective vaccine to acquire protection against the infection. therefore, the present study was aimed to design a multiepitope-based subunit vaccine (mesv) against covid-19. | 2020 | 32938504 |
| male gender and kidney illness are associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease. | to identify factors predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in adolescent and adult patients with laboratory-positive (quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) infection. | 2020 | 32938419 |
| men and covid-19: a pathophysiologic review. | coronaviruses are single-stranded ribonucleic acid viruses that can cause illnesses in humans ranging from the common cold to severe respiratory disease and even death.in march 2020, the world health organization declared the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) as the first pandemic. compared to women, most countries with available data report that men with covid-19 have greater disease severity and higher mortality ... | 2020 | 32936693 |
| sars-cov-2 (covid-19) has neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties. | now, we know that the first report of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) was in december 2019 in wuhan, china. in january, the existence of a disease caused by a virus with respiratory tropism for humans was announced, and in february it was already named sars-cov-2. the world health organization (who) 1 gave it the name of covid-19, on february 11. one month later, who declared that the disease caused by this virus was already a pandemic (who, 2020) 1 . the virus start ... | 2020 | 32935417 |
| why covid-19 transmission is more efficient and aggressive than viral transmission in previous coronavirus epidemics? | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is causing a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). the worldwide transmission of covid-19 from human to human is spreading like wildfire, affecting almost every country in the world. in the past 100 years, the globe did not face a microbial pandemic similar in scale to covid-19. taken together, both previous outbreaks of other members of the coronavirus family (severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov) and middle east res ... | 2020 | 32933047 |
| covid-19 and thyroid: progress and prospects. | the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has rapidly spread worldwide. a number of serious effects on various organs and systems have been reported in humans, and recently emerging evidence on the potential association between the infection and thyroid dysfunction are attracting attention from the scientific community. this editorial critically summarizes the main findings on this topic published so far and defin ... | 2020 | 32932954 |
| highly conserved binding region of ace2 as a receptor for sars-cov-2 between humans and mammals. | several cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection transmitted from human owners to their dogs have recently been reported. the first ever case of sars-cov-2 transmission from a human owner to a domestic cat was confirmed on march 27, 2020. a tiger from a zoo in new york, usa, was also reportedly infected with sars-cov-2. it is believed that sars-cov-2 was transmitted to tigers from their caretakers, who were previously infected with this virus. on may 25, 20 ... | 2020 | 32921279 |
| structural basis of sars-cov-2 main protease inhibition by a broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral drug. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), took tens of thousands of lives and caused tremendous economic losses. the main protease (mpro) of sars-cov-2 is a potential target for treatment of covid-19 due to its critical role in maturation of viral proteins and subsequent viral replication. conceptually and technically, targeting therapy against mpro is similar to target therapy t ... | 2020 | 32905393 |
| current approaches used in treating covid-19 from a molecular mechanisms and immune response perspective. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), was declared by the world health organization (who) as a global pandemic on march 11, 2020. sars-cov-2 targets the respiratory system, resulting in symptoms such as fever, headache, dry cough, dyspnea, and dizziness. these symptoms vary from person to person, ranging from mild to hypoxia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and sometimes death. although not c ... | 2020 | 32905015 |
| a review on current repurposing drugs for the treatment of covid-19: reality and challenges. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has become a global pandemic with a high growth rate of confirmed cases. therefore, therapeutic options are desperately urgent to fight with this damning virus. as it may take years to develop a specific therapy of covid-19, it is urgent to emphasize the repurposing of drugs used for other conditions. this study reviewed the most common drugs for covid-19 based on available on ... | 2020 | 32904710 |