| epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229e, hku1, nl63, and oc43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time pcr method. | four human coronaviruses (hcov-229e, hcov-hku1, hcov-nl63, and hcov-oc43) are associated with a range of respiratory outcomes, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. their epidemiologies and clinical characteristics are poorly described and are often reliant on case reports. to address these problems, we conducted a large-scale comprehensive screening for all four coronaviruses by analysis of 11,661 diagnostic respiratory samples collected in edinburgh, united kingdom, over 3 years between july ... | 2010 | 20554810 |