| spread of cryptococcus gattii in british columbia, canada, and detection in the pacific northwest, usa. | cryptococcus gattii, emergent on vancouver island, british columbia (bc), canada, in 1999, was detected during 2003-2005 in 3 persons and 8 animals that did not travel to vancouver island during the incubation period; positive environmental samples were detected in areas outside vancouver island. all clinical and environmental isolates found in bc were genotypically consistent with vancouver island strains. in addition, local acquisition was detected in 3 cats in washington and 2 persons in oreg ... | 2007 | 17370514 |
| cryptococcus gattii with bimorphic colony types in a dog in western oregon: additional evidence for expansion of the vancouver island outbreak. | cryptococcus gattii was isolated from a 1.5-year-old dog with systemic cryptococcosis in oregon. the dog had no link to vancouver island or british columbia, canada. samples from a nasal swab and from a granulomatous mass within the cranial cavity were pooled for culture. colonies on sabouraud dextrose agar were mucoid and exhibited bimorphic morphology, melanin-pigmented and unpigmented. pigmented colonies were encapsulated budding spherical yeast, whereas unpigmented colonies were of unencapsu ... | 2009 | 19139515 |
| molecular evidence that the range of the vancouver island outbreak of cryptococcus gattii infection has expanded into the pacific northwest in the united states. | cryptococcus neoformans frequently causes fungal meningitis in immunocompromised patients, whereas the related species c. gattii is restricted to tropical and subtropical regions,where it usually infects immunocompetent individuals.an outbreak of c. gattii infection that began in 1999 on vancouver island has resulted in endemic c. gattii infection and caused numerous human and veterinary infections; the outbreak's range has spread to mainland british columbia. the outbreak-related isolates have ... | 2009 | 19220140 |
| spread of cryptococcus gattii into pacific northwest region of the united states. | cryptococcus gattii has emerged as a human and animal pathogen in the pacific northwest. first recognized on vancouver island, british columbia, canada, it now involves mainland british columbia, and washington and oregon in the united states. in canada, the incidence of disease has been one of the highest worldwide. in the united states, lack of cryptococcal species identification and case surveillance limit our knowledge of c. gattii epidemiology. infections in the pacific northwest are caused ... | 2009 | 19757550 |
| correlation of genotype and in vitro susceptibilities of cryptococcus gattii strains from the pacific northwest of the united states. | cryptococcus gattii emerged in north america in 1999 as a human and veterinary pathogen on vancouver island, british columbia. the emergent subtype, vgiia, and the closely related subtype vgiib can now be found in the united states in washington, oregon, and california. we performed multilocus sequence typing and antifungal susceptibility testing on 43 isolates of c. gattii from human patients in oregon, washington, california, and idaho. in contrast to vancouver island, vgiia was the most frequ ... | 2010 | 20007380 |
| emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest united states. | cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts. the highest incidence for this disease is on vancouver island, canada, where an outbreak is expanding into neighboring regions including mainland british columbia and the united states. this outbreak is caused predominantly by c. gattii molecular type vgii, specifically vgiia/major. in addition, a novel genotype, vgiic, has emerged in oregon and is now a major source ... | 2010 | 20421942 |
| emergence of cryptococcus gattii-- pacific northwest, 2004-2010. | cryptococcus is a genus of fungi, of which two species, cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii, cause nearly all human and animal cryptococcal infections. whereas c. neoformans primarily affects persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) worldwide, c. gattii primarily affects hiv-uninfected persons in tropical and subtropical regions. in december 2004, a case of human c. gattii infection was reported in oregon, associated with an outbreak on vancouver island and in mainlan ... | 2010 | 20651641 |
| a diverse population of cryptococcus gattii molecular type vgiii in southern californian hiv/aids patients. | cryptococcus gattii infections in southern california have been reported in patients with hiv/aids. in this study, we examined the molecular epidemiology, population structure, and virulence attributes of isolates collected from hiv/aids patients in los angeles county, california. we show that these isolates consist almost exclusively of vgiii molecular type, in contrast to the vgii molecular type isolates causing the north american pacific northwest outbreak. the global vgiii population structu ... | 2011 | 21909264 |
| emerging fungal infections in the pacific northwest: the unrecognized burden and geographic range of cryptococcus gattii and coccidioides immitis. | both cryptococcus gattii and coccidioides can cause debilitating diseases if not identified early. it is imperative that clinicians recognize these diseases and begin treatment quickly when necessary. in order to have these two mycoses in their differential diagnosis, clinicians, microbiologists, and public health officials must be aware of the expanding geographic boundary in the case of coccidioides immitis and the new emergence in the case of c. gattii. accordingly, there is now mandatory rep ... | 2016 | 27337452 |
| cryptococcus gattii infection in solid organ transplant recipients: description of oregon outbreak cases. | cryptococcus gattii was recognized as an emerging infection in the pacific northwest in 2004. out of 62 total infections in oregon since the outbreak, 11 were in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients. sot recipients were more likely to have disseminated disease and higher mortality than normal hosts, who mostly had isolated mass lesions. the median time from transplantation to c. gattii diagnosis was 17.8 months. the primary sites of infection were lung (n = 4), central nervous system (n = 3), ... | 2015 | 25677448 |
| isolation of cryptococcus gattii from oregon soil and tree bark, 2010-2011. | in oregon, human and animal infections by c. gattii were first identified in 2004. cryptococcus gattii is considered to be an emerging non-zoonotic infection affecting animals and humans in oregon. we report a longitudinal environmental isolation of c. gattii after an oregon dog was diagnosed with the disease in 2009. | 2014 | 25528464 |
| cryptococcus gattii in the united states: genotypic diversity of human and veterinary isolates. | cryptococcusgattii infections are being reported in the united states (us) with increasing frequency. initially, us reports were primarily associated with an ongoing c. gattii outbreak in the pacific northwest (pnw) states of washington and oregon, starting in 2004. however, reports of c. gattii infections in patients from other us states have been increasing since 2009. whether this is due to increasing frequency of disease, greater recognition within the clinical community, or both is currentl ... | 2013 | 24019979 |
| detection of cryptococcus gattii in selected urban parks of the willamette valley, oregon. | human and animal infections of the fungus cryptococcus gattii have been recognized in oregon since 2006. transmission is primarily via airborne environmental spores and now thought to be locally acquired due to infection in non-migratory animals and humans with no travel history. previous published efforts to detect c. gattii from tree swabs and soil samples in oregon have been unsuccessful. this study was conducted to determine the presence of c. gattii in selected urban parks of oregon cities ... | 2013 | 23354596 |