| the microsporidian parasites nosema ceranae and nosema apis are widespread in honeybee (apis mellifera) colonies across scotland. | nosema ceranae is spreading into areas where nosema apis already exists. n. ceranae has been reported to cause an asymptomatic infection that may lead, ultimately, to colony collapse. it is thought that there may be a temperature barrier to its infiltration into countries in colder climates. in this study, 71 colonies from scottish beekeeper's association members have been screened for the presence of n. apis and n. ceranae across scotland. we find that only 11 of the 71 colonies tested positive ... | 2013 | 23180128 |