| atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus a6 infection, edinburgh, united kingdom, january to february 2014. | in january to february 2014, 16 hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) cases were identified in edinburgh, united kingdom. all presented with atypical features, with most (n=13) resembling eczema herpeticum or chickenpox. coxsackievirus a6 (cv-a6) was identified in all the typed cases (n=11). as atypical forms of hfmd associated with cv-a6 are likely to emerge throughout europe, clinicians should be alert to unusual clinical presentations of hfmd and virologists aware of effective diagnostic testin ... | 2014 | 24698138 |
| comparison of diagnostic clinical samples and environmental sampling for enterovirus and parechovirus surveillance in scotland, 2010 to 2012. | human enteroviruses (ev) and parechoviruses (hpev) within the family picornaviridae are the most common causes of viral central nervous system (cns)-associated infections including meningitis and neonatal sepsis-like disease. the frequencies of ev and hpev types identified in clinical specimens collected in scotland over an eight-year period were compared to those identified in sewage surveillance established in edinburgh. of the 35 different ev types belonging to four ev species (a to d) and th ... | 2014 | 24762664 |
| genetic characterization of human coxsackievirus a6 variants associated with atypical hand, foot and mouth disease: a potential role of recombination in emergence and pathogenicity. | human coxsackievirus a6 (cva6) is an enterically transmitted enterovirus. until recently, cva6 infections were considered as being of minor clinical significance, and only rarely aetiologically linked with hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) associated with other species a enteroviruses (particularly ev71 and cva16). from 2008 onwards, however, cva6 infections have been associated with several outbreaks worldwide of atypical hfmd (ahfmd) accompanied by a varicelliform rash. we recently reported ... | 2015 | 25614593 |