| subtyping of influenza a isolates in taiwan--2003 to 2004. | some isolated influenza strains are untypable. the possibility that a novel and potentially lethal strain, such as h5 virus, might be one of these untypable strains remains a major concern. this study investigated the nature of untypable influenza strains in taiwan. | 2006 | 17098691 |
| surveillance of avian and swine influenza in the swine population in taiwan, 2004. | we conducted serological and virological surveillance of pig farms in taiwan from areas epidemic for low pathogenic avian influenza virus (aiv), h5n2 subtype, in order to determine the prevalence of aiv and swine influenza virus (siv) in 2004. | 2008 | 18629419 |
| isolation and characterization of potentially pathogenic h5n2 influenza virus from a chicken in taiwan in 2008. | during the surveillance of avian influenza, an h5n2 influenza a virus was isolated from a cloacal swab sample of an apparently healthy chicken in taiwan in october 2008. it was found that the ha of the virus had a pair of dibasic amino acid residues at the cleavage site, which might be a marker of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. however, the intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolate was 0.89, indicating that the virus was approaching high pathogenicity in chickens. virus isolation ... | 2010 | 20608534 |
| a low pathogenic h5n2 influenza virus isolated in taiwan acquired high pathogenicity by consecutive passages in chickens. | h5n2 viruses were isolated from cloacal swab samples of apparently healthy chickens in taiwan in 2003 and 2008 during surveillance of avian influenza. each of the viruses was eradicated by stamping out. the official diagnosis report indicated that the intravenous pathogenicity indexes (ivpis) of the isolates were 0.00 and 0.89, respectively, indicating that these were low pathogenic strains, although the hemagglutinin of the strain isolated in 2008 (taiwan08) had multibasic amino acid residues a ... | 2011 | 21301183 |
| sequence diversity and associated pathogenicity of the hemagglutinin cleavage site of h5n2 avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens in taiwan during 2013-2015. | the sequence at the hemagglutinin (ha) cleavage site (cs) plays a key role in determining the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses. three types of ha cs sequences, qrekr/gl, qrkkr/gl and qrrkr/gl, were previously reported in taiwanese h5n2 viruses that were isolated from chickens from 2003 to 2013. however, no ha cs sequence was reported for viruses isolated after 2013. this article presents the ha cs sequences and pathogenicity of h5n2 viruses that were isolated from chickens in taiwan duri ... | 2017 | 27725416 |
| lessons from the largest epidemic of avian influenza viruses in taiwan, 2015. | the largest epidemic of avian influenza (ai) in history attacked poultry and wild birds throughout taiwan starting january 6, 2015. this study analyzed surveillance results, epidemiologic characteristics, and viral sequences by using government-released information, with the intention to provide recommendations to minimize future pandemic influenza. the h5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic ai viruses (hpaivs) had not been detected in taiwan before 2015. during this epidemic, four types of etiologi ... | 2016 | 27309051 |
| simultaneous subtyping and pathotyping of avian influenza viruses in chickens in taiwan using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and microarray. | the h6n1 avian influenza virus has circulated in taiwan for more than 40 years. the sporadic activity of low pathogenic h5n2 virus has been noted since 2003, and highly pathogenic h5n2 avian influenza virus has been detected since 2008. ressortant viruses between h6n1 and h5n2 viruses have become established and enzootic in chickens throughout taiwan. outbreaks caused by novel highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza viruses whose ha genes were closely related to that of the h5n8 virus isolated from ... | 2016 | 27086860 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterization of avian influenza h5n2 viruses with intra- and inter-duck variations in taiwan. | human infections with avian influenza viruses (aivs) have frequently raised global concerns of emerging, interspecies-transmissible viruses with pandemic potential. waterfowl, the predominant reservoir of influenza viruses in nature, harbor precursors of different genetic lineages that have contributed to novel pandemic influenza viruses in the past. | 2015 | 26263554 |
| changing risk awareness and personal protection measures for low to high pathogenic avian influenza in live-poultry markets in taiwan, 2007 to 2012. | outbreaks of low and high pathogenic avian influenza (lpai, hpai) h5n2 in chickens have occurred in taiwan since 2003 and 2012, respectively. fully understanding the different awareness, attitudes and protective behaviors adopted by workers in live-poultry markets (lpmws) and local community residents (crs) to face the challenges of lpai and hpai is very important to minimize viral adaptations to human populations. | 2015 | 26104109 |
| serological comparison of antibodies to avian influenza viruses, subtypes h5n2, h6n1, h7n3 and h7n9 between poultry workers and non-poultry workers in taiwan in 2012. | in taiwan, avian influenza virus (aiv) subtypes h5n2, h6n1 and h7n3 have been identified in domestic poultry, and several strains of these subtypes have become endemic in poultry. to evaluate the potential of avian-to-human transmission due to occupational exposure, an exploratory analysis of aiv antibody status in poultry workers was conducted. we enrolled 670 poultry workers, including 335 live poultry vendors (lpvs), 335 poultry farmers (pfs), and 577 non-poultry workers (npws). serum antibod ... | 2015 | 25761403 |
| influenza a(h5n2) virus antibodies in humans after contact with infected poultry, taiwan, 2012. | six persons in taiwan who had contact with poultry infected with influenza a(h5n2) showed seroconversion for the virus by hemagglutinin inhibition or microneutralization testing. we developed an elisa based on nonstructural protein 1 of the virus to differentiate natural infection from cross-reactivity after vaccination; 2 persons also showed seroconversion by this test. | 2014 | 24750594 |
| emergence and evolution of avian h5n2 influenza viruses in chickens in taiwan. | sporadic activity by h5n2 influenza viruses has been observed in chickens in taiwan from 2003 to 2012. the available information suggests that these viruses were generated by reassortment between a mexican-like h5n2 virus and a local enzootic h6n1 virus. yet the origin, prevalence, and pathogenicity of these h5n2 viruses have not been fully defined. following the 2012 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks, surveillance was conducted from december 2012 to july 2013 at a live-poultry ... | 2014 | 24623422 |
| origin and molecular characterization of the human-infecting h6n1 influenza virus in taiwan. | in june 2013, the first human h6n1 influenza virus infection was confirmed in taiwan. however, the origin and molecular characterization of this virus, a/taiwan/2/2013 (h6n1), have not been well studied thus far. in the present report, we performed phylogenetic and coalescent analyses of this virus and compared its molecular profile/characteristics with other closely related strains. molecular characterization of h6n1 revealed that it is a typical avian influenza virus of low pathogenicity, whic ... | 2013 | 24136722 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses h5n2, h5n3, and h5n8 in taiwan in 2015. | a severe epidemic, affecting mainly goose populations, broke out in early january 2015. the causative agents were identified as novel h5 avian influenza viruses carrying n2, n3, and n8 subtypes of the neuraminidase gene. from january 8 to february 11, 766 waterfowl and poultry farms were invaded by the h5 viruses, and more than 2.2 million geese died or were culled. phylogenetic analysis suggested that these avian influenza viruses derived from the h5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 which were emerging ... | 2016 | 27066708 |
| assessment of pathogenicity and antigenicity of american lineage influenza h5n2 viruses in taiwan. | during december 2003 and march 2004, large scale epidemics of low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h5n2 occurred in poultry farms in central and southern taiwan. based on genomic analysis, these h5n2 viruses contain ha and na genes of american-lineage h5n2 viruses and six internal genes from avian influenza a/h6n1 viruses endemic in poultry in taiwan. after disappearing for several years, these novel influenza h5n2 viruses caused outbreaks in poultry farms again in 2008, 2010 and 2012, and have ... | 2017 | 28549236 |