| a randomised controlled trial of recombinant interferon-gamma in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | nineteen chinese patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, seropositive for hbv e antigen (hbeag) and hbv dna on at least three occasions in 6 months, were randomised to receive either recombinant human interferon-gamma (rifn gamma) 0.1 mg/m2 intramuscularly thrice weekly for 16 weeks (n = 11) or no anti-viral therapy (controls, n = 8). five patients in the treatment group and four patients in the control group had persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferases (alt) of ove ... | 1991 | 1919540 |
| evidence for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis b virus from sequence analysis of mutant hbv dnas in two chinese families. | to study the heterogeneity of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dnas in hong kong, where hbv infection is endemic, serum specimens from 90 hbsag carrier children were systematically tested with nine oligonucleotide probes representing conserved sequences in the viral genome. in a pair of twins and their cousin (belonging to family h) and an unrelated child (family y) serum hbv dna annealed to all but one probe, a sequence located between the core and pre-s regions of the viral genome (positions 2723-2738; ... | 1990 | 1973772 |
| synergism of chronic alcoholism and hepatitis b infection in liver disease. | one hundred and fifty-seven patients with alcoholic liver disease were studied. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was positive in 20.4% of the patients. those who were positive for the hbsag presented at an earlier age, had a lower albumin level, a higher globulin level, a more prolonged prothrombin time, were more likely to have features of cirrhosis in the liver biopsy, and were probably more likely to suffer from hepatic encephalopathy in the follow-up compared with those negative for hbsag ... | 1989 | 2490936 |
| the reliability of personal and family medical histories in the identification of hepatitis b carriers. | blood specimens were obtained from 300 patients and were tested for the five hepatitis b virus (hbv) serum markers: hbsag, hbeag, anti-hbs, anti-hbe and anti-hbc. medical histories were checked to determine any previous experience of hbv infection in the patients or their families. serum markers showed that 54.3% of the group had evidence of earlier hbv infection, 10% were hbsag carriers, and 3% were hbeag-positive. the patients' own histories correctly identified carriers in 23.1% of those givi ... | 1989 | 2717151 |
| placebo-controlled trial of recombinant alpha 2-interferon in chinese hbsag-carrier children. | 24 chinese children aged 1.5-5 years and positive for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag), hepatitis b virus dna polymerase (hbv dnap), and hbv dna on at least three occasions in the 6 months before the trial were randomised to receive either vitamin b complex or intramuscular recombinant alpha 2-interferon (r-ifn) ('roferon') 10 x 10(6) iu/m2 thrice weekly for 12 weeks. in all 12 subjects receiving r-ifn, hbv dnap and hbv dna levels fell during the course of r-ifn ... | 1987 | 2889081 |
| a longitudinal follow-up of asymptomatic hepatitis b surface antigen-positive chinese children. | fifty-one asymptomatic chinese hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carrier children (34 boys, 17 girls), age 1 to 15 years (median: 10 years), were prospectively followed for up to 4 years (median: 30 months) to determine the natural evolution of clinical, biochemical and virological features during the early phase of chronic hepatitis b virus infection. hepatomegaly was the only abnormal finding on examination, being present in five children initially and four at follow-up. serum alt levels wer ... | 1988 | 3417235 |
| antigenic variants of influenza b virus. | from 1967 to 1971 little antigenic variation was detected in the prevalent influenza b viruses but in december 1972 a new antigenic variant of influenza b was isolated in hong kong from sporadic cases of influenza. the new variant, b/hong kong/5/72, possessed a haemagglutinin antigen which showed considerable antigenic differences from that of former influenza b strains while its neuraminidase antigen was closely related to that of the earlier, 1967-71, isolates. the b/hong kong/5/72 variant bec ... | 1973 | 4201694 |
| coxsackie-b-virus-specific igm responses in children with insulin-dependent (juvenile-onset; type i) diabetes mellitus. | coxsackie b1-6 virus igm responses were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 11 of 28 (39%) children aged 3-14 years in whom insulin-dependent (juvenile onset; type i) diabetes mellitus (iddm) developed in 1982. 5 patients had a homotypic response to coxsackie b4 and 1 had a homotypic response to b5. a serum sample had been obtained from each patient 2 to 16 weeks after onset of iddm symptoms. islet-cell cytoplasmic antibodies (igg) and complement fixing islet cell antibod ... | 1983 | 6134178 |
| strong association between iga nephropathy and hepatitis b surface antigenemia in endemic areas. | the frequency of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was studied in the sera of 122 patients with primary iga nephropathy. hepatitis b surface (hbs) antigenemia was detected in 21 patients (17.2%) and this was significantly higher than the prevalence of hbsag carrier in the general population (p less than 0.01). these patients had no clinical or laboratory findings to suggest acute or chronic liver diseases. two glomerulopathic entities: mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with predominan ... | 1988 | 3293854 |
| hbv markers in chinese in hong kong. | a study was carried out on 779 hospital patients in the orthopaedic and paediatric unit of queen mary hospital, hong kong. patients who had no clinical evidence of liver disease, previous history of transfusion with blood or blood products and no major surgery in the past were entered into the study. markers of previous exposure to hepatitis b virus (hbv) were hbsag, anti-hbc and anti-hbs (radioimmunoassay) were done. the results showed that (a) chinese living in hong kong are exposed to hbv inf ... | 1980 | 7425525 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma in chinese males and females. possible causes for the male predominance. | the male-female ratio in 186 hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) chinese patients was 5:1. the clinical presentation, biochemical parameters, and histologic findings were the same in both sexes except for a higher proportion of underlying cirrhosis (p = 0.02), and spider naevi (p = 0.04) in the men. there were also more smokers and alcohol drinkers among the men. over 75% of both sexes were positive for the hepatitis b surface antigen. the possible contributory factors to the predominance of males to ... | 1987 | 3038298 |
| interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis b virus infection in chinese. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is prevalent in chinese populations. 40.4% of 383 chinese hbv carriers studied were hbeag-positive. the annual rate of spontaneous clearance of hbeag was 11%. twenty-six patients with hbsag- and hbeag- and hbeag-positive non-malignant chronic liver disease randomised to receive recombinant alpha-2 interferon or no treatment have been followed for 6 months or longer. seven of the 20 treated patients cleared hbeag during or shortly after treatment but this was sus ... | 1986 | 3036936 |
| factors determining the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis b surface antigen carriers. a comparison between families with clusters and solitary cases. | this article documents five families with clusters of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), including one in which three successive generations were involved. all the 12 patients in these five families and 96.3% of the patients in 54 families with solitary cases of hcc seen during the same period were hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive. the prevalence of hbsag in families with clusters and solitary cases of hcc was compared. the clustering of hcc in the five families reported could not be ac ... | 1988 | 2830957 |
| comparison of two plasma-derived hepatitis b vaccines: long-term report of a prospective, randomized trial. | subjects at high risks for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection were allocated randomly (n = 591) to receive one of the two plasma-derived hepatitis b vaccines produced by the institut pasteur production, paris (hevac b) or the green cross corporation, osaka (gcc vac). there are differences in the production of these two vaccines, with an added step of heat inactivation and longer formaldehyde treatment for the gcc vac. three doses of vaccines were given at 0, 1, and 5 months for both vaccines. ant ... | 1989 | 2535239 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigenaemia in nephrotic syndrome in hong kong. | of 61 boys and girls with relapsing or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome admitted for renal biopsy, 22 had persistent hepatitis b virus surface antigenaemia despite normal liver function and an absence of previous transfusion. the prevalence of hepatitis b virus surface antigenaemia amongst nephrotic patients is significantly higher than that of the general population. membranous nephropathy remains the commonest glomerulopathy associated with hepatitis b virus antigenaemia, and boys predomin ... | 1989 | 2471444 |
| acute exacerbations in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. incidence, predisposing factors and etiology. | three hundred and eighty-six chinese patients (262 men and 124 women), age 5-74 years, with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection were prospectively followed for 1-5 years to determine the incidence, predisposing factors and etiology of acute exacerbations that occurred during the course of chronic hbv infection. group i consisted of 334 patients with serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels below 200 iu/l at presentation. of these, 29 (8.7%) patients developed 32 episodes of acute exacer ... | 1990 | 2307827 |
| hepatitis b virus infection in children. | several modes of transmission can account for the high hepatitis b virus (hbv) carrier rate observed in children and young adults; perinatal transmission, horizontal transmission from household members and playmates, transmission due to sexual contact with a carrier. an inverse correlation has been reported between the age at which hbv infection occurs and the development of the carrier state. the epidemiology of hbv infection in children has important implications on strategies for prevention a ... | 1990 | 2183513 |
| quantitative detection of serum hbv dna in chinese patients. | the relationship between serum hepatitis be antigen (hbeag) and serum hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna determined by two commercially available assays was examined in 345 chinese patients with chronic hbv infection. hbv dna was detected by these commercial assays in 85% of the hbeag-positive patients. discrepancies between test results were found to occur when serum hbv dna levels were low (< 5 pg ml-1 for the abbott genostics and < 100 meq ml-1 for chiron quantiplex assays). an equation for the conv ... | 1997 | 9310935 |
| hepatitis b virus replication in chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | we studied the frequency of hepatitis b virus replication in chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. hepatitis b e antigen and hepatitis b virus dna could be detected in the sera of 28% and 47% of 116 hbsag-positive patients, but not in the sera of 15 hbsag-negative patients. replicative forms of hepatitis b virus dna were detected in the neoplastic and nonneoplastic liver tissues from 34% and 62% of 29 hbsag-positive patients and 0% and 20% of five hbsag-negative patients by southern bl ... | 1990 | 2169455 |
| alpha-interferon treatment in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis b. | alpha-interferon has been shown to be the most promising antiviral agent in the treatment of chronic hepatitis b virus infection in caucasian patients. the experience with recombinant interferon alfa-2a and alfa-2b in four randomized controlled trials in chinese adults and children is reviewed here. alpha-interferon alone has little long-term benefit in the treatment of chinese patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection, especially in patients who have normal or near normal serum aminotra ... | 1990 | 2079568 |
| hepatitis a and b infections in transfusion-dependent thalassaemia from endemic areas. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of previous hepatitis a virus (hav) and b virus (hbv) infection which is in 64 transfusion-dependent (td) patients with thalassaemia including 26 patients who were transfused before blood donors were screened for hbv. serial blood samples taken from these 64 patients and 10 non-td beta-thalassaemia intermedia patients during a 3 year period, were tested for antibody to hav (anti-hav), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hbsag (an ... | 1991 | 1958422 |
| alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis b virus infection in children and oriental patients. | in summary, these four studies showed that alpha-ifn therapy alone produced sustained inhibition of hbv replication in a minority of chinese adults with chronic hbv infection. the response was not improved by instituting treatment at an earlier age. the major reason for the poor response in chinese patients is probably immune tolerance as a result of early exposure to hbv. the response in chinese patients with elevated pre-treatment serum alt levels, who presumably had ongoing endogenous immune ... | 1991 | 1751798 |
| adult croup: a rare but more severe condition. | we report the first adult patient with virologically confirmed croup caused by parainfluenza virus type 3 and review 10 cases of adult croup described in the english-language literature. circumstantial evidence of viral infection was present in only 1 other case, in which there was a rise in antibody titer against influenza b virus. ten patients (91%) required intensive care support. none of the 11 patients died. a comparison was also made between the 11 adults with croup and 43 children hospita ... | 2000 | 11124654 |
| precore sequence variation in chinese isolates of hepatitis b virus. | direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified serum hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna was used to characterize the precore region of hbv from chinese patients with chronic hepatitis. two types of mutually exclusive variants were found in hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag)-negative patients. the first (m1) contains a substitution from proline to serine at codon 15. a second group were infected with a previously described mutant (m2) containing a translational stop codon. hbeag-positive patients w ... | 1992 | 1727881 |
| risk factors for active liver disease in hbeag-negative chronic hepatitis b virus-infected patients. | hbeag-negative patients constitute approximately 70% of all chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections in southeast asia, and some of these patients continue to suffer from active disease. we aimed to study the risk of hepatitis relapse in chronic hbv-infected patients with negative hbeag and the predictor(s) of relapses. | 2000 | 11151891 |
| liver transplantation in asian patients with chronic hepatitis b using lamivudine prophylaxis. | to report the results of liver transplantation in 31 asian patients with chronic hepatitis b using lamivudine prophylaxis in an open-label study. | 2001 | 11176135 |
| natural history and control of perinatally acquired hepatitis b virus infection. | maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is estimated to account for 40-50% of hbv carriers in chinese populations, but is uncommon among other ethnic groups. the high frequency of maternal-infant transmission among chinese populations is related to the high prevalence of carrier mothers with replicative hbv infection. the natural course of perinatally acquired hbv infection consists of three phases: an initial phase of immune tolerance followed by a phase of immune clea ... | 1992 | 1551246 |
| cost-effectiveness study on influenza prevention in hong kong. | recent studies confirm that influenza vaccination confers health benefits and reduces direct and indirect costs associated with the illness. however, these studies did not examine the situation in southern china, a hypothetical influenza epicentre for the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses. | 2001 | 11399347 |
| hepatitis d virus superinfection remains a rare occurrence in non-drug abusers in hong kong. | recent studies from taiwan reported an increased prevalence of hepatitis d virus (hdv) superinfection as well as a spread of hdv infection to non-drug abusers. we examined the current prevalence of hdv superinfection in hong kong by testing sera from a large cohort of patients with acute and chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, collected between january 1988 and december 1990, for igg antibody to hdv (anti-hdv). anti-hdv was detected in 13 (93%) of 14 parenteral drug abusers who had hbv-re ... | 1992 | 1500697 |
| occult hbv infection in cryptogenic liver cirrhosis in an area with high prevalence of hbv infection. | hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) is often used as the serological marker to screen for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in the investigation of liver cirrhosis. in hong kong, where hbv infection is endemic, some patients may have persistent viral infection after the loss of hbsag. we aimed to investigate 1) the prevalence of occult hbv infection in cryptogenic liver cirrhosis in hong kong and 2) the role of hbv "a" determinant mutations among these patients. | 2002 | 12014730 |
| genotype b hepatitis b virus is associated with severe icteric flare-up of chronic hepatitis b virus infection in hong kong. | we aimed to investigate the association of viral genotype and the development of icteric flare-up (if) in chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. | 2002 | 12385451 |
| does hepatitis c virus infection contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma in hong kong? | hong kong has a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and, because it is an endemic area for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, the etiologic association between hcc and hbv infection is reported to be as high as 80%. hepatitis c virus (hcv) recently was shown to be a possible pathogenetic agent for hcc in a number of countries. | 1992 | 1318777 |
| interferon treatment for hepatitis b-associated membranous glomerulonephritis in two chinese children. | two chinese boys, aged 3.5 and 5 years, developed nephrotic syndrome and were chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b virus e antigen (hbeag). renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis and liver biopsy showed chronic persistent hepatitis. they were given interferon-alpha-2a at a dose of 5 mu/m2 on alternate days for 12 and 16 weeks after 2 years of persistent nephrotic syndrome. patient 1 showed complete remission and resolution of hepatosplenomegaly ... | 1992 | 1280987 |
| antibody to hepatitis-b core antigen in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma. | antibody to hepatitis-b core antigen (anti-hbc) was assayed in the serum of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (p.h.c.) and controls from hong kong, west africa, and the united states. in each region the prevalence of anti-hbc was higher in p.h.c. patients than in controls, ranging from 70 to 95% in the patients and from 20 to 68% in the controls from asia and africa; 24% of p.h.c. patients and 4% of controls from the u.s. had anti-hbc. these data support the hypothesis that chronic infec ... | 1975 | 49648 |
| current issues and treatment of fulminant hepatic failure including transplantation in hong kong and the far east. | in the far east, fulminant hepatic failure is mainly due to viral hepatitis. in areas where hepatitis b infection is endemic, exacerbation of chronic hepatitis b infection, either spontaneously or on withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy, is the major cause of fulminant hepatic failure. for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive patients treated with intense immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapy, preemptive use of lamivudine has drastically reduced the incidence of hepatitis due to hepa ... | 2003 | 14523677 |
| prevalence and characteristics of familial hepatocellular carcinoma caused by chronic hepatitis b infection in hong kong. | hepatitis b virus infection is an important aetiological factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. clusters of hepatocellular carcinoma have been observed in families infected with hepatitis b virus. | 2004 | 14871279 |
| hepatitis b virus and cigarette smoking: risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in hong kong. | one hundred seven chinese patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) were compared with 107 hospital controls for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen and smoking, drinking, and dietary habits. eighty-two % of phc cases were hepatitis b surface antigen positive compared to 18% of controls (relative risk, 21.3; 95% confidence limits, 10.1 and 45.9). prior history of jaundice was significantly related to phc, independent of hepatitis b surface antigen status. there was a significa ... | 1982 | 6291750 |
| liver cell dysplasia in association with hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis and hepatitis b surface antigen in hong kong. | liver-cell dysplasia was identified in 60% of 558 cases of cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in chinese coming to necropsy in hong kong from 1963 to 1978. a significant correlation was found between liver-cell dysplasia and the identification of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) in the livers, suggesting that dysplasia may be casually related to hepatitis b virus (hbv). applying bayes' theorem to our series of male deaths, we calculated that for chinese male non-cirrhot ... | 1981 | 6273339 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen, hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in hong kong: a necropsy study: 1963-1976. | hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was stained in liver tissue in 71% of 496 cases of cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in chinese coming to necropsy in hong kong from 1963-1976. male cases numbered 417; hbsag was positive in 83% of those in which hcc was combined with cirrhosis and in 62% of those with cirrhosis alone. of 39 additional male cases of hcc without cirrhosis, 38% were hbsag+. similar proportions were recorded in the famale cases. this progression suggests a ... | 1980 | 6252929 |
| a cost comparison of management of chronic hepatitis b and its associated complications in hong kong and singapore. | to estimate and compare the direct medical cost in the management of chronic hepatitis b (chb) infection and its complications from the perspective of public health organizations in hong kong and singapore. | 2004 | 15602161 |
| prognostic determinants for chronic hepatitis b in asians: therapeutic implications. | identifying risk factors for the development of complications of chronic hepatitis b (chb) is important for setting up treatment criteria. | 2005 | 15871997 |
| occult hepatitis b virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell donors in a hepatitis b virus endemic area. | the acquisition of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection following organ transplantation from donors with occult hbv infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of occult hbv in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (hsc) transplantation donors. | 2005 | 15885351 |
| epidemiological and virological characteristics of 2 subgroups of hepatitis b virus genotype c. | we aimed to investigate the characteristics of hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotype c subgroups in hong kong and their relationship with hbv genotype c in other parts of asia. | 2005 | 15897987 |
| identification of hepatitis b virus x gene mutation in hong kong patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | chronic infection by hepatitis b virus (hbv) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in man. the viral transactivator hbv x (hbx) gene plays a critical role in the molecular pathogenesis of hbv-related hcc. | 2005 | 16087118 |
| hepatitis b virus infection in chinese families in hong kong. | between january 1983 and july 1984, 731 family members of 240 hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers were screened for hepatitis b virus markers. the percentage of those who were positive for hbsag was 28.3 and that for antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen/antibody to hepatitis b core antigen was 43.1. the carrier rate was higher among siblings (53%) and offspring (50.5%) of female carriers, but similar to that of the age-matched general population for spouses (10.8%). maternal transmis ... | 1987 | 3618581 |
| chronic hepatitis b viral infection independently predicts renal outcome in type 2 diabetic patients. | we examined the association between chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and clinical outcomes in a consecutive cohort of chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. | 2006 | 16736132 |
| clinical features, biochemical parameters, and virological profiles of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in hong kong. | clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma patients are changing because of screening. | 2006 | 16907890 |
| specific mutations in enhancer ii/core promoter of hepatitis b virus subgenotypes c1/c2 increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepatitis b virus genotype c (hbv/c) has been classified into two geographically distinct subgenotypes; hbv/c1/cs (southeast asia) and hbv/c2/ce (east asia). | 2006 | 16935384 |
| spontaneous hepatitis b e antigen to antibody seroconversion and reversion in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | five hundred twelve (373 men, 139 women) patients, aged 1-75 yr, with chronic hepatitis b virus infection seen during a 5-yr period were analyzed. of these, 43.8% were hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag)-positive, 49.2% were positive for hepatitis b e antibody, and 7% were negative for both hbeag and hepatitis b e antibody at presentation. the cumulative probability of clearing hbeag at the end of the first, second, and third years was 17%, 30%, and 34%, respectively. the probability of clearing hbeag ... | 1987 | 3569757 |
| patients with malignant or pre-malignant cervical lesion have increased risk of becoming hepatitis b carrier. | human papillomavirus (hpv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are known aetiology of cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. both diseases share a similar clinical course, that is, the vast majority of those infected by these two viruses can eradicate the viruses spontaneously. a small sub-group who fails to clear the virus becomes chronic carrier and can progress to carcinoma many years later. we postulated that patients with pre-malignant or malignant cervical lesion are at increased ris ... | 2007 | 17550135 |
| pattern of glomerulonephritis in hong kong. | a retrospective analysis of all renal biopsies (961) performed in two regional hospitals in hong kong during 1977-1985 revealed that iga nephropathy was the most frequently encountered glomerulopathy. lipoid nephrosis (minimal change nephrotic syndrome) remained the commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. the frequencies of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, and idiopathic membranous nephropathy were lower than in other populations. membranous nephropathy ... | 1987 | 3431912 |
| low serum hbv dna levels and development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis b: a case-control study. | to investigate the level of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in chinese chronic hepatitis b (chb) patients below which hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is unlikely to occur. | 2007 | 17635372 |
| comparison of two automated nucleic acid testing systems for simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c virus rna and hepatitis b virus dna. | recently developed nucleic acid testing (nat) assays incorporating simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and hepatitis b virus (hbv) have made hbv nat screening more feasible for blood services. this study compared the performance of two "multiplex" nat assays and their automated testing platforms. | 2007 | 17880602 |
| the clinicopathological characteristics of iga nephropathy in hong kong. | the clinicopathologic data of 237 chinese patients with iga nephropathy from hong kong are reviewed in an attempt to identify the features pertinent to chinese patients. although the nephropathy is commonest in the 26-35 year age group, 11% of the iga nephritic patients were children below 16 years. the male predilection reported in caucasian populations is not observed and the male:female ratio is 0.94 in our series. the commonest renal manifestation is microscopic hematuria (25%) and 19% of th ... | 1988 | 3374969 |
| further characterization of 2 types of precore variant hepatitis b virus isolates from hong kong. | two precore variants of hepatitis b virus occur in chronic carriers in the chinese community in hong kong. one variant has a serine at amino acid (aa) 15, and the other has a stop codon at aa 28, which inhibits production of hepatitis b e (hbe) antigen (ag). the serine 15 strain is shown here to produce antigenically normal amounts of hbeag. these variants are mutually exclusive, probably due to sequence requirements for encapsidation, and are separate lineages. sequential core sequences from pa ... | 1995 | 7769279 |
| facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial. | few data are available about the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions for preventing influenza virus transmission. | 2009 | 19652172 |
| low dose interferon alfa-2b for chronic hepatitis b in asian countries. | in a study of low dose interferon alfa-2b in 587 patients expected to show a good response to treatment, 76-87% patients in different countries had alanine amino-transferase activities returned to normal after four months' treatment, 49-72% were negative for hepatitis b virus (hbv)-dna, 51-66% were negative for hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag), and 44-62% were anti-hbe positive. these effects were maintained after nine to 12 months' follow up. side effects were mild, but led to discontinuation of t ... | 1993 | 8314500 |
| hepatitis b virus associated membranous glomerulonephritis in children--experience in hong kong. | a retrospective review was undertaken on all renal biopsies performed in chinese children under 13 years of age in queen mary hospital, hong kong from 1980 to 1990. of 172 renal biopsies, 18 cases were diagnosed to be membranous glomerulonephritis. all were associated with hepatitis b virus infection. fourteen patients presented with, and 3 others developed later nephrotic syndrome. hematuria was a common feature (83%). complement c3 was low in 5 cases and they became normal later. at last obser ... | 1993 | 8403568 |
| geographical variation in prevalence of hepatitis b virus dna in hbsag negative patients. | aims--to study the geographical variation of the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) negative subjects. methods--a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to amplify the core region of hbv. the assay was able to detect 10 molecules of a full length hbv plasmid. results--when applied to hbsag negative paraffin wax embedded liver samples from italy, hong kong, and the united kingdom, a geographical variation in the prevalence of hbv-dna po ... | 1993 | 8496385 |
| changing prevalence of hepatitis b virus and hepatitis d virus infection among injecting drug users in hong kong indicating a change in high-risk behaviour. | | 1995 | 8527093 |
| association of hepatitis b virus pre-s deletions with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis b. | we aimed to determine whether hepatitis b virus (hbv) pre-s deletion was an independent factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | 2011 | 21227916 |
| urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion in hong kong chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and other chronic liver diseases. | the biotransformation of xenobiotics into toxic metabolites by cytochrome p-450 has been implicated in carcinogenesis. this study investigated cyp3a4 activity, which metabolically activates procarcinogens such as aflatoxin b1, by measuring the urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol (6 beta ohf) to free cortisol (f) ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and other chronic liver diseases. | 1996 | 8608525 |
| a synopsis of current haemophilia care in hong kong. | objective. to provide a synopsis of current haemophilia care in hong kong. design. retrospective survey. setting. all haematology units of the hospital authority in hong kong. patients. all patients with haemophilia a and haemophilia b. results. to date, there were 222 mild-to-severe haemophilia patients (192 type a, 30 type b) under regular public care in hong kong (43% were considered severe, 33% moderate, and 24% mild), which gave a crude prevalence of 6.8/100 000 male inhabitants. a total of ... | 2011 | 21636866 |
| hepatitis b, 1997 and the chinese community--an appraisal of their relationships. | in 1997, hong kong's sovereignty will go back to china. the united kingdom has granted 50,000 families the right of abode to settle here. it is estimated that these 50,000 families will consist of approximately 225,000 people in all. hepatitis b virus infection is extremely common in hong kong-50 per cent of the local population have been infected by the virus. should the department of health consider implementing and introducing a screening and immunization programme? what is the current level ... | 1997 | 9243436 |
| histological changes of concurrent hepatitis c virus infection in asymptomatic hepatitis b virus patients. | in chimpanzees and in vitro cell culture studies, hepatitis c infection has been shown to suppress hepatitis b virus expression. in addition, hepatitis c infection can cause much more severe liver disease in patients chronically infected with hepatitis b virus. the aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c infection in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis b hong kong chinese patients and the histological changes and hepatic expression of hepatitis b virus and hepatitis ... | 1998 | 9737572 |
| clearance of persistent hepatitis b virus infection in chinese bone marrow transplant recipients whose donors were anti-hepatitis b core- and anti-hepatitis b surface antibody-positive. | thirteen hepatitis b surface antigen-positive chinese patients who received hepatitis b surface antibody-positive marrow (hepatitis b core antibody-positive or -negative: 6 and 7, respectively) via allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt) were studied. after bmt, 4 recipients had serologic clearance of hepatitis b surface antigen from hepatitis b core antibody-positive marrow, but none of the recipients of hepatitis b core antibody-negative marrow had serologic clearance (p=.02). there was n ... | 1998 | 9815208 |
| hepatitis b e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis b in hong kong. | hepatitis b e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis b (e-chb) has been reported in asia but its prevalence and clinical significance have not been determined. the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of e-chb in hong kong and the frequency of precore and core promoter mutations in these patients. a cross-sectional study was performed in 350 consecutive chinese patients (230 men and 120 women; mean age +/-sd, 42 +/- 13 years) with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. a total of 243 (6 ... | 2000 | 10706570 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a in asia and experience with the hav vaccine in hong kong. | hepatitis a and hepatitis b infections are prevalent throughout asia. patients infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) have a higher morbidity and mortality if superinfected with hepatitis a virus (hav). in hong kong, adolescents and young adults are particularly prone to severe hepatitis infection. hepatitis a vaccination of patients with or without chronic hbv infection has been shown to be efficacious and associated with a good safety profile. | 2000 | 10866842 |
| hairy cell leukemia in hong kong chinese: a 12-year retrospective survey. | hairy cell leukemia (hcl) is a unique chronic b cell lymphoproliferative disease (b-lpd), with distinct clinical and pathological features, and excellent treatment response to 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-cda) and pentostatin. there have been few reports of hcl from oriental countries. | 2000 | 11135356 |
| hla class ii alleles in chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | recent reports of an association between human leucocyte antigens (hla) and persistence of hepatitis b virus infection, and the familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma raise the question of genetic susceptibility. previous studies have been limited to serological phenotyping of hla b and dr antigens. the aim of this study was to use molecular genotyping to investigate hla class ii as a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hong kong chinese. | 2001 | 11318984 |
| equine rhinitis b viruses in horse fecal samples from the middle east. | among all known picornaviruses, only two species, equine rhinitis a virus and equine rhinitis b virus (erbv) are known to infect horses, causing respiratory infections. no reports have described the detection of erbv in fecal samples of horses and no complete genome sequences of erbv3 are available. | 2016 | 27267372 |
| prevalence and significance of hepatitis gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus viremia in a large cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis b infection, with chronic hepatitis c infection, and on renal replacement therapy in hong kong. | a total of 455 patients were recruited to study the prevalence of hepatitis gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus viremia in hong kong. there was no significant increase in the prevalence of hepatitis gb virus-c viremia in asymptomatic hepatitis b virus- and hepatitis c virus-infected patients compared to that of controls (1.56% and 7.14%, respectively, vs 3.85%, both p = ns). renal patients as a whole had a significantly higher prevalence of hepatitis gb virus-c viremia compared to that of controls (13. ... | 2002 | 11855563 |
| excess mortality associated with influenza a and b virus in hong kong, 1998-2009. | although deaths associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections are rare, the excess mortality burden of influenza estimated from statistical models may more reliably quantify the impact of influenza in a population. | 2012 | 23045622 |
| neurovirulence in mice of h5n1 influenza virus genotypes isolated from hong kong poultry in 2001. | we studied the pathogenicity of five different genotypes (a to e) of highly pathogenic avian h5n1 viruses, which contained ha genes similar to those of the h5n1 virus a/goose/guangdong/1/96 and five different combinations of "internal" genes, in a mouse model. highly pathogenic, neurotropic variants of genotypes a, c, d, and e were isolated from the brain after a single intranasal passage in mice. genotype b virus was isolated from lungs only. the mouse brain variants had amino acid changes in a ... | 2003 | 12610156 |
| role of liver biopsy in the management of liver dysfunction after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in a hepatitis b virus-prevalent patient population. | derangement of liver function tests (lft) is common after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (hsct). the role of liver biopsy in such cases has not been defined in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-prevalent patients. the impact of liver biopsy in the management of lft derangement after hsct in an hbv-prevalent population was examined. | 2003 | 12865805 |
| allelic alterations in nontumorous liver tissues and corresponding hepatocellular carcinomas from chinese patients. | allelic imbalance may play an important in tumor progression in hepatocarcinogenesis, but the genetic background of the corresponding nontumorous liver in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is not well defined. we studied the incidence of loss of heterozygosity (loh) and microsatellite instability (msi) by microsatellite analysis in both nontumorous livers and the corresponding tumors, by comparing them with the normal dna from chinese patients with resected primary hccs. we also evaluated the patho ... | 2003 | 12874766 |
| epidemiological study of hepatitis b virus genotypes, core promoter and precore mutations of chronic hepatitis b infection in hong kong. | we conducted a population study to document the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotypes in hong kong. | 2004 | 15246217 |
| treatment of mannan-enhanced influenza b virus infections in mice with oseltamivir, ribavirin and viramidine. | mannan, a polysaccharide preparation from saccharomyces cerevisiae, has previously been shown to enhance influenza virus replication in mice by inhibiting host defense collectins. the use of mannan in infections may serve to broaden the types of influenza viruses that can be studied in rodent infection models. when mannan was co-administered with influenza b/sichuan/379/99 virus to mice, the animals died from the infection, whereas mice infected with only virus survived. three types of influenza ... | 2004 | 15535048 |
| hbv and liver cancer. | the association of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and liver cancer is well documented in epidemiological study. patients with chronic hepatitis b have increased risk of hepatocelluar carcinoma (hcc), in particular those with active liver disease and cirrhosis. the incidence of hcc increases with age and is more common among male patients. the introduction of universal hbv vaccination program for the newborn in endemic regions has started to show beneficial impact. taiwan introduced this progr ... | 2005 | 16108176 |
| early virological suppression is associated with good maintained response to adefovir dipivoxil in lamivudine resistant chronic hepatitis b. | to determine the factors affecting the virological response to adefovir dipivoxil (adv) among patients with lamivudine resistant chronic hepatitis b. | 2007 | 17402992 |
| two-year lamivudine treatment for hepatitis b e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis b: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | we conducted a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study to investigate the efficacy of 2-year lamivudine treatment in hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag)-negative chronic hepatitis b. | 2007 | 17591024 |
| high viral load and hepatitis b virus subgenotype ce are associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. | we aimed to investigate the impact of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna and hbv genotypes/subgenotypes on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | 2008 | 18182659 |
| frequencies of hepatitis b and c infections among haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in asia-pacific countries: analysis of registry data. | the impact of dialysis modality on the rates and types of infectious complications has not been well studied. the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the rates of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections in peritoneal dialysis (pd) and haemodialysis (hd) patients in the asia-pacific region. | 2009 | 19096083 |
| implications of the relationship between maternal age and parity with hepatitis b carrier status in a high endemicity area. | this study aimed to examine the prevalence of maternal hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in the past 10 years and the age- and parity-specific incidences for evidence of control of hbv infection in the female reproductive population. we conducted a retrospective cohort study on 58 736 consecutive pregnant women delivered from july 1998 to june 2008. maternal hbv status and demographic data were retrieved from a computerized database for analysis by year, age, year of birth and parity. a total of ... | 2010 | 19780946 |
| prevalence of occult hepatitis b infection in a highly endemic area for chronic hepatitis b: a study of a large blood donor population. | the aim of the present study was to determine the population prevalence of occult hepatitis b (ohb) infection and its clinical profile in a highly endemic area of chronic hepatitis b virus disease. | 2010 | 20675695 |
| moderate coffee consumption reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis b chronic carriers: a case-control study. | background recent epidemiological studies have reported a dose-dependent protective effect of coffee on hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) with risk reduction ranging from 30% to 80% in daily coffee drinkers compared with non-drinkers. this study examined whether coffee has a similar protective effect when consumed in moderate quantities in chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers, a group at high risk of developing liver cancer. methods a case-control design was employed. 234 hbv chronic carriers ( ... | 2011 | 20693491 |
| profile of pre-s deletions in the natural history of chronic hepatitis b infection. | it have been suggested that hepatitis b virus (hbv) pre-s deletions may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of pre-s deletions in chronic hepatitis b patients in hong kong, the factors associated with the deletions and its relationship with hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) seroconversion. hbv pre-s deletions were determined by nucleotide sequence analysis in 178 patients with chronic hbv (cross-sectional study). eighty-four patients had paired s ... | 2010 | 20872710 |
| continuous improvement of survival outcomes of resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 20-year experience. | to investigate the trend of the posthepatectomy survival outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) patients by analysis of a prospective cohort of 1198 patients over a 20-year period. | 2011 | 21475015 |
| entecavir monotherapy is eeffective in suppressing hepatitis b virus after liver transplantation. | background & aims: we investigated the efficacy of entecavir, a cyclopentyl guanosine nucleoside analog, as monoprophylaxis in patients with chronic hepatitis b who received liver tranplants. methods: we studied data from 80 consecutive patients who received liver transplantation (47 from living donors and 33 from deceased donors) for hepatitis b-related disease and entecavir monotherapy as prophylaxis. none of the patients received hepatitis b immunoglobulin (hbig). indications for transplantat ... | 2011 | 21762659 |
| correlation between maternal hepatitis b surface antigen carrier status with social, medical and family factors in an endemic area: have we overlooked something? | purpose: hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is endemic in many countries, but the risk factors for hbv carriage in the obstetric population are unclear. methods: a survey on 1,580 women attending the antenatal clinic in an endemic region was conducted in order to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with maternal hbv carriage, including socio-demographic, medical, and previous obstetrical and family history, by means of a questionnaire. results: the prevalence of maternal hbv carriage ... | 2011 | 21713427 |
| the effect of caffeine and alcohol consumption on liver fibrosis - a study of 1045 asian hepatitis b patients using transient elastography. | role of caffeine consumption in chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv)-infected patients and the interaction with alcohol consumption is unclear. | 2011 | 21733095 |
| hepatitis b virus infection and fatty liver in the general population. | background & aims: in animal studies, expression of hepatitis b virus (hbv) proteins causes hepatic steatosis. we aimed to study the prevalence of fatty liver in people with and without hbv infection in the general population. methods: we performed a cross-sectional population study in hong kong chinese. intrahepatic triglyceride content (ihtg) was measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. results: one thousand and thirteen subjects (91 hbv patients and 922 controls) were recruited. th ... | 2011 | 22027575 |
| the dynamic relationship between clinical symptomatology and viral shedding in naturally acquired seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infections. | although the pattern of viral shedding over time has been documented in volunteer challenge studies, understanding of the relationship between clinical symptomatology and viral shedding in naturally acquired influenza infections in humans remains limited. | 2016 | 26518469 |
| Use of antiviral therapy in surveillance: impact on outcome of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. | BACKGROUND: Antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is frequently prescribed for patients with chronic HBV infection during surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In patients who subsequently develop HCC, the impact of antiviral therapy on the outcome of HCC remains unclear. AIMS: We aimed to study the impact of antiviral therapy on the survival of patients who developed HCC. METHODS: From two prospective surveillance cohorts, the use of antiviral therapy for patients w ... | 2011 | 22098536 |
| phylodynamics of hiv-1 subtype b among the men-having-sex-with-men (msm) population in hong kong. | the men-having-sex-with-men (msm) population has become one of the major risk groups for hiv-1 infection in the asia pacific countries. hong kong is located in the centre of asia and the transmission history of hiv-1 subtype b transmission among msm remained unclear. the aim of this study was to investigate the transmission dynamics of hiv-1 subtype b virus in the hong kong msm population. samples of 125 hiv-1 subtype b infected msm patients were recruited in this study. through this study, the ... | 2011 | 21966483 |
| perioperative reactivation of hepatitis b virus replication in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. | background and aim: reactivation of hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication happens in patients who receive transarterial chemoembolization or systemic chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the incidence and risk factors of hbv reactivation during the perioperative period in hcc patients receiving hepatic resection is unknown. methods: between may 2009 and november 2010, 164 consecutive patients with hbv-related hcc who underwent hepatic resection were prospectively enrolled in the stud ... | 2012 | 21871026 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d was not associated with influenza virus infection in children and adults in hong kong, 2009-2010. | some studies have hypothesized that vitamin d may have a role to play in protection against influenza virus infections and illnesses, and that seasonal fluctuation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d [25(oh)d] may affect seasonal patterns of influenza virus infections. | 2016 | 27798334 |
| current pattern and course of acute hepatitis b virus infection in hong kong. | | 2004 | 15086612 |
| immune persistence after hepatitis b vaccination in infancy - fact or fancy? | the hepatitis b vaccine has been introduced for more than 3 decades. in hong kong, excellent vaccine coverage through an efficient public health care system, together with supplemental programmes and easy availability of the vaccine, meant that most young pregnant women, and university students at entrance, should have been protected. yet significant correlations in the prevalence of hbv infection with age were found in these groups of subjects, increasing from low to high endemicity rates from ... | 2016 | 26810256 |
| incorporating serum level of hepatitis b surface antigen or omitting level of hepatitis b virus dna does not affect calculation of risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without cirrhosis. | tests for hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna are expensive, and levels of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) can help determine the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in patients with chronic hbv infection. we investigated how adding data to knowing the level of hbsag or excluding measurement of hbv dna affected the accuracy of the risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis b (reach-b) scoring system in determining the risk for hcc. | 2016 | 26598229 |