| heterogeneity among isolates of vibrio vulnificus recovered from eels (anguilla anguilla) in denmark. | the findings of this study demonstrate that vibrio vulnificus isolates recovered from diseased eels in denmark are heterogeneous as shown by o serovars, capsule types, ribotyping, phage typing, and plasmid profiling. the study includes 85 v. vulnificus isolates isolated from the gills, intestinal contents, mucus, spleen, and kidneys of eels during five disease outbreaks on two danish eel farms from 1995 to 1997, along with a collection of 12 v. vulnificus reference strains. the results showed th ... | 1998 | 9835548 |
| effectiveness of different vaccine formulations against vibriosis caused by vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) in european eels anguilla anguilla. | vibriosis due to vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) is one of the main causes of mortality in european eels cultured in europe. the main objective of this study was to develop a vaccine and a vaccination procedure against this pathogen. with this aim, we tested several vaccine formulations (inactivated whole-cells with and without toxoids--inactivated extracellular products--from capsulated and uncapsulated strains, attenuated live vaccines and purified lipopolysaccharide [lps]) on eels mai ... | 2000 | 11145457 |
| transmission to eels, portals of entry, and putative reservoirs of vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2). | vibrio vulnificus serovar e (formerly biotype 2) is the etiologic agent that is responsible for the main infectious disease affecting farmed eels. although the pathogen can theoretically use water as a vehicle for disease transmission, it has not been isolated from tank water during epizootics to date. in this work, the mode of transmission of the disease to healthy eels, the portals of entry of the pathogen into fish, and their putative reservoirs have been investigated by means of laboratory a ... | 2001 | 11571177 |
| the kinetics of antibody production in mucus and serum of european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) after vaccination against vibrio vulnificus: development of a new method for antibody quantification in skin mucus. | vibrio vulnificus serovar e, a bacterial pathogen for eels cultured in intensive systems, is transmitted through water and enters into new hosts mainly via gills. the main objective of this work was to study the kinetics of antibody production to v. vulnificus in serum and mucus and their relationship with protection after vaccination. to quantify local mucus antibodies, a new "in situ" dot blot immunoassay using image analysis has been developed. this assay was applied to measure antibody produ ... | 2003 | 12787687 |
| efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against eel diseases caused by vibrio vulnificus after its administration by four different routes. | vulnivaccine, a vaccine against vibriosis caused by vibrio vulnificus serovar e (formerly biotype 2), confers acceptable levels of protection to eels after its administration by prolonged immersion in three doses. recently, a new pathogenic serovar, named serovar a, has been isolated from vaccinated eels in a spanish freshwater eel farm. the main objective of this work was to design a bivalent vaccine, and to study its effectiveness against the two pathogenic serovars. with this aim, eels weighi ... | 2004 | 15123314 |
| immunogenic antigens of the eel pathogen vibrio vulnificus serovar e. | the immunogenic antigens of vibrio vulnificus serovar e were investigated in the eel. fish were vaccinated by immersion with vulnivaccine (v), revaccinated 2 years later by intraperitoneal injection (rv) and bath infected 15 days post-revaccination (rvi). the specific immune response in serum was followed in all groups, and selected sera were used for immunostaining of surface (sa) and extracellular antigens (eca). bacteria were grown in iron-rich (tsb and mswye) and iron-poor media (tsb and msw ... | 2004 | 15276607 |
| role of the metalloprotease vvp and the virulence plasmid pr99 of vibrio vulnificus serovar e in surface colonization and fish virulence. | the virulence for eels of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar e (vse) is conferred by a plasmid that codifies ability to survive in eel serum and cause septicaemia. to find out whether the plasmid and the selected chromosomal gene vvp plays a role in the initial steps of infection, the vse strain cect4999, the cured strain ct218 and the vvp-deficient mutant ct201 (obtained in this work by allelic exchange) were used in colonization and virulence experiments. the eel avirulent biotype 1 (bt1) str ... | 2008 | 18028416 |
| role of the virulence plasmid pr99 and the metalloprotease vvp in resistance of vibrio vulnificus serovar e to eel innate immunity. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar e (vse) is a bacterial pathogen that produces a haemorrhagic septicaemia called vibriosis in eels. its ability to grow in blood is conferred by a recently described virulence plasmid [lee ct, amaro c, wu km, valiente e, chang yf, tsai sf, et al. a common virulence plasmid in biotype 2 vibrio vulnificus and its dissemination aided by a conjugal plasmid. journal of bacteriology, submitted for publication.]. in this study, we analyzed the role of this plasmid tog ... | 2008 | 18053741 |
| the effect of metals on condition and pathologies of european eel (anguilla anguilla): in situ and laboratory experiments. | forty-nine wild eels (anguilla anguilla) caught in the albufera lake (spain), measuring 24.0-75.0cm in length and 25.0-637.7g in weight, were examined for metals (cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, pb, se and zn), condition (ci and hsi indices), as well as for diseases (anguillicola infestation; bacterial infections). total metal load significantly increased in eel liver tissue parallel to total length and body weight (log), while silvering females (w(b)>200g; l≥500mm) exhibited the highest amounts of ... | 2011 | 22030412 |
| a novel recombinant bivalent outer membrane protein of vibrio vulnificus and aeromonas hydrophila as a vaccine antigen of american eel (anguilla rostrata). | the immogenicity of a novel vaccine antigen was evaluated after immunized american eels (anguilla rostrata) with a recombinant bivalent expressed outer membrane protein (omp) of vibrio vulnificus and aeromonas hydrophila. three groups of eels were intraperitoneal (i.p) injected with phosphate-buffered saline (pbs group), formaline-killed-whole-cell (fkc) of a. hydrophila and v. vulnificus (fkc group) or the bivalent omp (omp group). on 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post-vaccination respectively, prolif ... | 2015 | 25655329 |
| early steps in the european eel (anguilla anguilla)-vibrio vulnificus interaction in the gills: role of the rtxa13 toxin. | vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic gram-negative bacterium that causes a systemic disease in eels called warm-water vibriosis. natural disease occurs via water born infection; bacteria attach to the gills (the main portal of entry) and spread to the internal organs through the bloodstream, provoking host death by haemorrhagic septicaemia. v. vulnificus produces a toxin called rtxa13 that hypothetically interferes with the eel immune system facilitating bacterial invasion and subsequent death by sep ... | 2015 | 25613341 |
| vibrio vulnificus outbreaks in dutch eel farms since 1996: strain diversity and impact. | vibrio vulnificus is a potentially zoonotic bacterial pathogen of fish, which can infect humans (causing necrotic fasciitis). we analysed 24 v. vulnificus isolates (from 23 severe eel disease outbreaks in 8 dutch eel farms during 1996 to 2009, and 1 clinical strain from an eel farmer) for genetic correlation and zoonotic potential. strains were typed using biotyping and molecular typing by high-throughput multilocus sequence typing (himlst) and rep-pcr (diversilab®). we identified 19 strains of ... | 2014 | 24695233 |