| cancer mortality in four northern wheat-producing states. | chlorophenoxy herbicides are used both in cereal grain agriculture and in nonagricultural settings such as right-of-ways, lawns, and parks. minnesota, north dakota, south dakota, and montana grow most of the spring and durum wheat produced in the united states. more than 90% of spring and durum wheat is treated with chlorophenoxy herbicides, in contrast to treatment of approximately 30% of winter wheat. in this ecologic study i used wheat acreage as a surrogate for exposure to chlorophenoxy herb ... | 2000 | 11017893 |
| microbial loads, mycotoxins, and quality of durum wheat from the 2001 harvest of the northern plains region of the united states. | the 2001 durum wheat crop grown in the northern plains was surveyed for microbial loads, mycotoxins, and quality. correlations among these factors were identified. effects of cleaning, milling, and pasta processing on microbial loads and deoxynivalenol (don) concentrations were determined. aerobic plate counts (apcs), mold and yeast counts (mycs), internal mold infection (imi), and internal fusarium infection (ifi) were lowest in grain samples from montana and highest in grain from northeastern ... | 2004 | 15083730 |
| mortality from ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus (type 2) in four u.s. wheat-producing states: a hypothesis-generating study. | in this ecologic study i examined ischemic heart disease (ihd) and diabetes mortality in rural agricultural counties of minnesota, montana, north dakota, and south dakota, in association with environmental exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides, using wheat acreage as a surrogate exposure. i collected data on agricultural land use and 1979-1998 mortality from the u.s. department of agriculture and the centers for disease control and prevention websites, respectively. counties were grouped based on ... | 2006 | 16451853 |
| birth malformations and other adverse perinatal outcomes in four u.s. wheat-producing states. | chlorophenoxy herbicides are widely used in the united states and western europe for broadleaf weed control in grain farming and park maintenance. most of the spring and durum wheat produced in the united states is grown in minnesota, montana, north dakota, and south dakota, with more than 85% of the acreage treated with chlorophenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (mcpa). rates of adverse birth outcomes in rural, agricultural co ... | 2003 | 12842783 |