| factors affecting the seasonal abundance of ground squirrel and wood rat fleas (siphonaptera) in san diego county, california. | abiotic and biotic factors affecting the seasonal abundance of 3 species of sylvatic fleas on their hosts were examined at 7 sites in san diego county, california. indices for oropsylla (diamanus) montana (baker) were usually highest on spermophilus beecheyi nudipes (huey) when < 18.4 degrees c (october-december), whereas those for hoplopsyllus anomalus (baker) were highest when > 18.4 degrees c (july-september). o. montana was affected most by ambient temperature (inversely for the coastal site ... | 1996 | 8840686 |
| landscape ecology of arboviruses in southeastern california: temporal and spatial patterns of enzootic activity in imperial valley, 1991-1994. | western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses were detected in the imperial valley during the summers of 1991-1994 by isolation from the primary vector, culex tarsalis coquillett, and by the seroconversion of sentinel chickens. enzootic transmission consistently was not detected first each year at sampling sites near specific landscape features such as a heron rookery and other riparian habitats along the new river, sites along the mexican border, or saline and ... | 1997 | 9103761 |
| epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in san francisco that do not contain is6110. | is6110 is commonly used as the basis for molecular epidemiologic and diagnostic studies of mycobacterium tuberculosis. however, strains that do not contain is6110 have been reported. if common, such strains would pose a limitation for molecular studies of m. tuberculosis. analysis of a population-based sample from san francisco of 1569 specimens submitted for fingerprinting demonstrated that the proportion of strains that lack is6110 is less than 1%. while this low percentage permits is6110 fing ... | 1998 | 9626611 |
| expanding habitat of the imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta): a public health concern. | residents in the southeastern united states would hardly describe life with the aggressive imported fire ant as peaceful coexistence. the continued spread of these insects has produced agricultural problems, changes in the ecosystem, and increasing numbers of subjects with sting sequelae, including hypersensitivity reactions, secondary infections, and rare neurologic sequelae. evolutionary changes have facilitated their expansion northward into virginia and westward into california, and increasi ... | 2000 | 10756216 |
| creating a patient classification system: one birth center's experience in the triage process. | adequate nurse staffing is crucial to the provision of quality maternity care in the rapidly changing health care market including the triage of obstetric patients. the mandate for cost-efficient services must be balanced by the triage of health team members who are essential to safe and effective operations in the inpatient perinatal setting. the transformation of traditional perinatal units to single-site maternity care centers requires the development of creative staffing designs that permit ... | 2000 | 11075084 |
| two pilots seek reinstatement because they had hiv, not aids. | two pilots, capts. paul h. rafalowski and r. christopher prilliman, have sued united airlines on charges that they were unlawfully grounded because of their hiv disease. the pilots were ordered on medical retirement after united officials learned they are hiv-positive. the pilots denied claims by the airline that their disease had progressed to aids and that they were taking antiviral medicines that could affect their ability to fly. the distinction between a diagnosis of aids and a diagnosis of ... | 1995 | 11362495 |
| incorporating susceptible subpopulations in microbial risk assessment: pediatric exposures to enteroviruses in river water. | the city of stockton, california operates a wastewater treatment facility that discharges treated effluent to the san joaquin river. during a recent discharge permit renewal, the question was raised whether pathogenic microorganisms in the effluent may cause an unacceptably high health risk for body contact recreation in the vicinity of the discharge. an investigation was initiated to characterize the risk to public health via body contact recreation in the san joaquin river under various flow a ... | 2003 | 12679796 |
| the 1952 outbreak of encephalitis in california; vector control aspects. | the emergency vector control measures used during the summer of 1952 were designed to supplement the normal mosquito control programs of mosquito abatement districts. the emergency measures were aimed at destruction of adult vector mosquitoes in populated areas as contrasted to normal programs which consist of elimination of breeding places or destruction of the aquatic stages of mosquitoes. experience during 1952 clearly demonstrated the limitations of present techniques for coping with adult m ... | 1953 | 13067019 |
| drinking-water quality and issues associated with water vending machines in the city of los angeles. | the study reported in this paper sampled 40 water vending machines distributed throughout the city of los angeles, california, in the water servicing area of the los angeles department of water and power. the authors examined water samples for temperature, turbidity, chlorine content, fungal growth, coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, pseudomonas spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, and heterotrophic plate counts using plate count agar and r2a agar. roughly 48 percent of the original 40 samples ... | 2004 | 14768279 |
| the geography of copd hospitalization in california. | exposure to tobacco smoke is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. we investigated the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalization counts (and hospitalization-related charges) in california and sociodemographic and smoking measures, employing geospatial techniques that permit more sensitive scrutiny at the zip code level while controlling for spatial confounding. we analyzed 1,707 zip code tabulation areas in california for chronic obs ... | 2005 | 17147009 |
| increasing syringe access and hiv prevention in california: findings from a survey of local health jurisdiction key personnel. | this article presents results from the first survey of california local health jurisdictions (lhjs) subsequent to passage of legislation that allows for over-the-counter pharmacy sales of syringes. in 2004 governor arnold schwarzenegger signed senate bill 1159 (sb1159) into law to "prevent the spread of hiv, hepatitis and other blood-borne disease among drug users, their sexual partners and their children." this legislation permits counties and cities to authorize a local disease prevention demo ... | 2007 | 17151941 |
| illnesses associated with chloropicrin use in california agriculture, 1992-2003. | with limitations imposed on the use of methyl bromide by international treaty, use of metam-sodium, chloropicrin, and other fumigants have increased; this increase has been accompanied by multiple community illness episodes. in this review we address the california experience of direct or indirect exposures to chloropicrin, after use of this fumigant as an active ingredient in agricultural pest control, from the years 1992-2003. the best available toxicology data demonstrate that, for brief expo ... | 2009 | 19680609 |
| levels and patterns of fecal indicator bacteria in stormwater runoff from homogenous land use sites and urban watersheds. | routine stormwater monitoring programs focus on quantification of average fecal indicator bacteria (fib) concentration at the terminal watershed discharge point. while important for permit compliance, such monitoring provides little insight into relative bacteria levels from different land use types or the mechanisms that influence fib concentrations. the goal of this study was to quantify the relative levels and flux patterns of escherichia coli, enterococci, and total coliforms from representa ... | 2011 | 21942193 |
| rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: use of a portable rrt-pcr and freeze-dried reagents in the field. | wild birds have been implicated in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) of the h5n1 subtype, prompting surveillance along migratory flyways. sampling of wild birds for avian influenza virus (aiv) is often conducted in remote regions, but results are often delayed because of the need to transport samples to a laboratory equipped for molecular testing. real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) is a molecular technique that offers one of the most accurate ... | 2011 | 21847073 |
| a library for the fifteenth through the twenty-first centuries. | the university of california, san francisco (ucsf), began developing a program for a new library in 1977, started the design in 1985, began construction in 1988, and opened the library in september 1990. the primary objectives were to design and build a facility that would house print collections under optimal conditions, allow for ten years' growth, be flexible enough to permit future reconfiguration, support present and future technologies, and provide beautiful spaces in which to study. the p ... | 2006 | 2039900 |
| the frequency of autoimmune n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the california encephalitis project. | in 2007, the california encephalitis project (cep), which was established to study the epidemiology of encephalitis, began identifying cases of anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-nmdar) encephalitis. increasing numbers of anti-nmdar encephalitis cases have been identified at the cep, and this form rivals commonly known viral etiologies as a causal agent. we report here the relative frequency and differences among encephalitides caused by anti-nmdar and viral etiologies within the cep exper ... | 2012 | 22281844 |
| zoonotic vector-borne bacterial pathogens in california mountain lions (puma concolor), 1987-2010. | sera collected from 442 mountain lions in 48 california counties between the years of 1987 and 2010 were tested using immunofluorescence assays and agglutination tests for the presence of antibodies reactive to yersinia pestis, francisella tularensis, bartonella henselae, borrelia burgdorferi, and anaplasma phagocytophilum antigens. data were analyzed for spatial and temporal trends in seropositivity. seroprevalences for b. burgdorferi (19.9%) and b. henselae (37.1%) were relatively high, with t ... | 2012 | 22925024 |
| dogs entering the united states from rabies-endemic countries, 2011-2012. | international dog imports pose a risk because of the potential movement of disease agents, including the canine rabies virus variant which has been eliminated from the united states since 2007. us regulations require a rabies vaccination certificate for dogs arriving from rabies-endemic countries, but permit the importation of dogs that have not been adequately immunized against rabies, provided that the dogs are confined under conditions that restrict their contact with humans and other animals ... | 2015 | 25244531 |
| the fog of war: why the environmental crusade for anadromous fish species in california could disarm the state's local vector control districts in their war against mosquitoes. | in california, local mosquito and vector control districts have successfully controlled mosquito and vector-borne diseases by improving drainage patterns and applying pesticides. the bay-delta conservation plan, which is a proposed habitat conservation plan for the sacramento-san joaquin bay-delta estuary, proposes to add over 70,000 acres of habitat in the delta to improve conditions for threatened and endangered aquatic and terrestrial species. this habitat could also be a suitable mosquito br ... | 2011 | 23856372 |
| potential oversummering and overwintering regions for the wheat stripe rust pathogen in the contiguous united states. | epidemics of wheat stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), are more frequent in the regions where pst can oversummer and overwinter. regions for potential oversummering and overwintering of pst were determined in the contiguous united states using a survival index (si) ranging from 0 (most unfavorable) to 10 (most favorable) developed based on long-term weather data. the pathogen can survive in cool summer in the most regions north of latitude 40°n, particularly washing ... | 2014 | 23722926 |
| methylmercury in mosquitoes related to atmospheric mercury deposition and contamination. | a connection between loadings of inorganic hg, especially from the atmosphere, and accumulation of methylmercury (mehg) in aquatic biota has not been firmly established. mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) may be a useful indictor of hg contamination or mehg accumulation in aquatic ecosystems because they have aquatic life stages, and their ubiquitous distribution permits sampling across wide ranges of climate, biological productivity, and atmospheric hg deposition. we examined mehg in adult mosquit ... | 2005 | 15926549 |
| psyttalia ponerophaga (hymenoptera: braconidae) as a potential biological control agent of olive fruit fly bactrocera oleae (diptera: tephritidae) in california. | the olive fruit fly, bactrocera oleae (rossi), is a newly invasive, significant threat to california's olive industry. as part of a classical biological control programme, psyttalia ponerophaga (silvestri) was imported to california from pakistan and evaluated in quarantine. biological parameters that would improve rearing and field-release protocols and permit comparisons to other olive fruit fly biological control agents were measured. potential barriers to the successful establishment of p. p ... | 2007 | 17524155 |
| seasonality and diapause of musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae) at its southern limits in north america, with observations on haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae). | the face fly (musca autumnalis de geer) and horn fly (haematobia irritans ([l.])) were studied at the southern edge of the face fly's north american range, examining southern california geographic distribution, seasonal activity on cattle and in dung, and diapause. face flies were common only at pomona (34°03'n, 117°48'w). other irrigated pastures, even those only slightly inland from pomona, were probably too warm for face flies, due to a steep west (cooler) to east (warmer) temperature gradien ... | 2015 | 26336262 |
| gene flow across a climatic barrier between hybridizing avian species, california and gambel's quail (callipepla californica and c. gambelii). | allopatric species commonly interbreed in a restricted margin between their ranges. the particular factors that permit interbreeding between species determine the extent of hybridization and its significance for evolution and conservation. using california quail and gambel's quail (callipepla californica and c. gambelii) that naturally hybridize in a narrow region between relatively mesic and xeric environments, i assessed the exchange of genetic and phenotypic traits in relation to vegetative a ... | 2004 | 15212391 |
| california, arizona laws permit medical use of marijuana. | | 1997 | 9117801 |
| frequency synchronization of blue whale calls near pioneer seamount. | vocalizations of blue whales were recorded with a cabled hydrophone array at pioneer seamount, 50 miles off the california coast. most calls occurred in repeated sequences of two-call pairs (a, then b). the b call is a frequency-modulated tone highly repeatable in form and pitch. a model of this sound is described which permits detecting very small frequency shifts. b calls are found to be aligned in frequency to about one part in 180. this requires very fine pitch discrimination and control ove ... | 2010 | 20649243 |
| genetic evidence of illegal trade in protected whales links japan with the us and south korea. | we report on genetic identification of 'whale meat' purchased in sushi restaurants in los angeles, ca (usa) in october 2009 and in seoul, south korea in june and september 2009. phylogenetic analyses of mtdna cytochrome b sequences confirmed that the products included three species of whale currently killed in the controversial scientific whaling programme of japan, but which are protected from international trade: the fin, sei and antarctic minke. the dna profile of the fin whale sold in seoul ... | 2010 | 20392716 |
| a transactional and collaborative approach to reducing effects of bottom trawling. | private-sector financial and legal transactions have long been used to protect terrestrial habitats and working landscapes, but less commonly to address critical threats in marine environments. transferrable and marketable fishing privileges, including permits and quotas, make it possible to use private-sector transactions as conservation strategies to address some fishery management issues. abating the effects of bottom trawling on the seafloor and bycatch and discard associated with the practi ... | 2013 | 23530985 |
| structure of northern elephant seal population breeding on san nicholas island, california, in 1971. | the structure of the population of northern elephant seals, mirounga angustirostris, on san nicolas island, california, was studied during the 1970 and 1971 breeding season. at the population peak on 31 january 1971, there were 77 males, 306 females, 315 pups, and 6 yearlings on shore. the breeding population was subdivided into 15 groups, containing from 3 to 75 breeding animals. fourteen of the groups were considered territories defended by individual males, and one group, the largest, was con ... | 1977 | 857710 |
| survival and mortality of pumas (puma concolor) in a fragmented, urbanizing landscape. | wide-ranging large carnivores pose myriad challenges for conservation, especially in highly fragmented landscapes. over a 13-year period, we combined monitoring of radio collared pumas (puma concolor) with complementary multi-generational genetic analyses to inform puma conservation in southern california, usa. our goals were to generate survivorship estimates, determine causes of mortality, identify barriers to movement, and determine the genetic and demographic challenges to puma persistence a ... | 2015 | 26177290 |