| long-term effects of a trophic cascade in a large lake ecosystem. | introductions or invasions of nonnative organisms can mediate major changes in the trophic structure of aquatic ecosystems. here we document multitrophic level impacts in a spatially extensive system that played out over more than a century. positive interactions among exotic vertebrate and invertebrate predators caused a substantial and abrupt shift in community composition resulting in a trophic cascade that extended to primary producers and to a nonaquatic species, the bald eagle. the opossum ... | 2011 | 21199944 |