| pesticide applications of copper on perennial crops in california, 1993 to 1998. | inorganic copper is used as a broad-spectrum fungicide and bacteriocide on a variety of agricultural crops. after application, the copper residue typically accumulates in the upper 15 cm of soil. data from the california pesticide use reports were used to estimate the augmentation of copper in the soil that resulted from pesticide applications for the six years from 1993 to 1998 on 12 crops that are grown without rotation. the estimated mean mg cu kg(-1) soil added to the upper 15 cm during the ... | 2001 | 11577894 |
| predicting unsaturated zone nitrogen mass balances in agricultural settings of the united states. | unsaturated zone n fate and transport were evaluated at four sites to identify the predominant pathways of n cycling: an almond [prunus dulcis (mill.) d.a. webb] orchard and cornfield (zea mays l.) in the lower merced river study basin, california; and corn-soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] rotations in study basins at maple creek, nebraska, and at morgan creek, maryland. we used inverse modeling with a new version of the root zone water quality model (rzwqm2) to estimate soil hydraulic and nitro ... | 2010 | 20400601 |
| wildflower plantings do not compete with neighboring almond orchards for pollinator visits. | the engineering of flowering agricultural field borders has emerged as a research and policy priority to mitigate threats to pollinators. studies have, however, rarely addressed the potential that flowering field borders might compete with neighboring crops for pollinator visits if they both are in bloom at the same time, despite this being a concern expressed by growers. we evaluated how wildflower plantings added to orchard borders in a large (512 ha) commercial almond orchard affected honey b ... | 2017 | 28379320 |
| distribution of glassy-winged sharpshooter and threecornered alfalfa hopper on plant hosts in the san joaquin valley, california. | homalodisca vitripennis (germar) and spissistilus festinus (say) populations were surveyed bimonthly for 14 mo in kern county, ca, at five agricultural sites made up of a variety of potential host plants. in addition, s. festinus populations were surveyed in four alfalfa, medicago sativa l., fields in kern and tulare counties. insects were collected by beats-sweeps and sticky traps. data on host plant condition and phenology, and ground cover presence and composition were collected at the five a ... | 2010 | 20857711 |
| evaluation of monitoring traps with novel bait for navel orangeworm (lepidoptera: pyralidae) in california almond and pistachio orchards. | experiments conducted in three almond, prunus dulcis (rosales: rosaceae), orchards and three pistachio, pistacia vera (sapindales: anicardiaceae), orchards in 2009 and 2010, and determined that sticky bottom wing traps baited with ground pistachio mummies, or a combination of ground pistachio plus ground almond mummies, trapped more adult female navel orangeworm, amyelois transitella (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), than did traps baited with ground almond mummies alone. during both years of t ... | 2012 | 22928314 |
| characterization of ellagitannins, gallotannins, and bound proanthocyanidins from california almond (prunus dulcis) varieties. | extractable and bound proanthocyanidins and hydrolyzable tannins were characterized in nonpareil, carmel, and butte almond varieties from california, with n = 3 samples/variety. bound proanthocyanidins were recovered from extracted defatted almond residue by hydrolysis with 4 n sodium hydroxide and represented 3-21% of the total proanthocyanidin content among varieties. the bound proanthocyanidins were recovered primarily as monomers and dimers. in contrast, acid hydrolysis of extracted almond r ... | 2012 | 23167850 |
| distinguishing nonpareil marketing group almond cultivars through multivariate analyses. | more than 80% of the world's almonds are grown in california with several dozen almond cultivars available commercially. to facilitate promotion and sale, almond cultivars are categorized into marketing groups based on kernel shape and appearance. several marketing groups are recognized, with the nonpareil marketing group (nmg) demanding the highest prices. placement of cultivars into the nmg is historical and no objective standards exist for deciding whether newly developed cultivars belong in ... | 2013 | 24024693 |
| fatty acid composition of california grown almonds. | eight almond (prunus dulcis l.) cultivars from 12 different california counties, collected during crop years 2004 to 2005 and 2005 to 2006, were extracted with petroleum ether. the extracts were subjected to gc-ms analyses to determine fatty acid composition of soluble lipids. results indicated palmitic (c16:0), oleic (c18:1), linoleic (c18:2), and alpha-linolenic (c18:3) acid, respectively, accounted for 5.07% to 6.78%, 57.54% to 73.94%, 19.32% to 35.18%, and 0.04% to 0.10%; of the total lipids ... | 2008 | 19021789 |
| effects of irrigation deprivation during the harvest period on leaf persistence and function in mature almond trees. | in nut tree orchards in california, irrigation is typically withheld during the harvest period to reduce the likelihood of bark damage during mechanical shaking of the trees. the ensuing water stress, however, may result in premature defoliation and subsequent yield declines. our objective was to establish and quantify the water stress resulting from irrigation deprivation and determine its impact on leaf function and persistence in mature almond trees (prunus dulcis (mill.) d.a. webb cv. nonpar ... | 2001 | 11560820 |
| hull split date and shell seal in relation to navel orangeworm (lepidoptera: pyralidae) infestation of almonds. | hull split date, shell seal, and navel orangeworm, amyelois transitella (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), infestation data for 19 varieties of almonds, prunus dulcis (mill.) d.a. webb, were analyzed to determine the relationship of shell seal and hull split date on a. transitella infestation. data for all varieties were collected from three university of california regional almond variety trials from 2003 to 2005, with a total of 8,550 nuts evaluated. a significant negative relationship was fou ... | 2011 | 21735917 |
| discrimination of almonds (prunus dulcis) geographical origin by minerals and fatty acids profiling. | twenty-one almond samples from three different geographical origins (sicily, spain and california) were investigated by determining minerals and fatty acids compositions. data were used to discriminate by chemometry almond origin by linear discriminant analysis. with respect to previous pca profiling studies, this work provides a simpler analytical protocol for the identification of almonds geographical origin. classification by using mineral contents data only was correct in 77% of the samples, ... | 2016 | 26566684 |
| flavor and acceptance of roasted california almonds during accelerated storage. | monitoring oxidative flavor changes in almonds is possible only if the chemical and sensory profile during roasting and storage is first established. herein, almonds roasted at two different temperatures (115 and 152 °c) were stored at 39 °c for 0 to 12 months and were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, descriptive analysis, and consumer hedonic analysis. volatile profiles, descriptive sensory profiles, and consumer hedonic scores were analyze ... | 2018 | 29313329 |
| acrylamide formation in almonds (prunus dulcis): influences of roasting time and temperature, precursors, varietal selection, and storage. | acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen that is found in many roasted and baked foods. this paper describes two sensitive and reliable lc-(esi)ms/ms methods for the analysis of (1) acrylamide and (2) common acrylamide precursors (i.e., glucose, fructose, asparagine, and glutamine) in raw and roasted almonds. these methods were used to evaluate the impact of roasting temperatures (between 129 and 182 °c) and times on acrylamide formation. controlling the roasting temperature at or below 146 °c ... | 2011 | 21721575 |
| seasonal abundance of draeculacephala minerva and other xylella fastidiosa vectors in california almond orchards and vineyards. | almond leaf scorch (als) disease is caused by the bacterium xylella fastidiosa and transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. reports of increased incidence of als-diseased trees in california prompted surveys in three almond [prunus dulcis (mill.) d. a. webb]-growing regions, from june 2003 to september 2005, to determine insect vector species composition and abundance. for comparison, sampling in and near vineyards in the san joaquin valley, california, also was completed. sampling in or near almon ... | 2011 | 21510181 |
| population structure of xylella fastidiosa associated with almond leaf scorch disease in the san joaquin valley of california. | xylella fastidiosa causes disease in many commercial crops, including almond leaf scorch (als) disease in susceptible almond (prunus dulcis). in this study, genetic diversity and population structure of x. fastidiosa associated with als disease were evaluated. isolates obtained from two almond orchards in fresno and kern county in the san joaquin valley of california were analyzed for two successive years. multilocus simple-sequence repeat (ssr) analysis revealed two major genetic clusters that ... | 2015 | 25807309 |
| effects of a naturally occurring and a synthetic synergist on toxicity of three insecticides and a phytochemical to navel orangeworm (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the navel orangeworm, amyelois transitella (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), is the most destructive lepidopteran pest of almonds [prunus dulcis (mill.) d.a.webb] and pistachios (pistacia vera l.) in california and is a serious problem in figs (ficus carica l.) and walnuts (juglans spp.). in addition to direct damage, larval feeding leaves nuts vulnerable to infection by aspergillus spp., fungi that produce toxic aflatoxins. a potentially safe and sustainable approach for managing navel orangew ... | 2012 | 22606811 |
| response of postharvest tree nut lepidopteran pests to vacuum treatments. | industry concerns over insect resistance, regulatory action, and the needs of organic processors have renewed interest in nonchemical alternative postharvest treatments to fumigants used for california tree nuts. the development of inexpensive polyvinyl chloride containers capable of holding low pressures has increased the practicality of vacuum treatments for durable commodities such as tree nuts. to develop vacuum treatment protocols, we determined the relative tolerance to vacuum (50 mmhg) at ... | 2009 | 19886468 |
| characterisation of stilbenes in california almonds (prunus dulcis) by uhplc-ms. | stilbene polyphenols are present in some fruits and nuts, but their abundance in many foods, such as almonds, is unknown. therefore, we characterised stilbenes from nonpareil, butte and carmel almond (prunus dulcis) varieties from california. uhplc-ms conditions were optimised to resolve cis- and trans-resveratrol, d4-resveratrol, dienestrol, hexestrol, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, pterostilbene, and resveratrol-3-β-glucoside (polydatin). stilbenes were isolated from ethanolic almond extracts by ... | 0 | 24262561 |