| human exposure to rabies from pet wild raccoons in south carolina and west virginia, 1987 through 1988. | during 1987 and 1988, exposures to eight pet wild raccoons in south carolina and west virginia resulted in administration of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis to 19 children and 26 adults. all eight raccoons appeared normal at the time of capture, and three had no signs of illness when sacrificed. the direct medical cost resulting from these exposures was $23,714 ($527 per person). regulations and public education may help decrease this type of rabies exposure. | 1991 | 1928537 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1995. | in 1995, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the northeast, where rabies is now e ... | 1996 | 8960176 |
| update: raccoon rabies epizootic--united states and canada, 1999. | in 1977, an outbreak of raccoon rabies was detected in an area on the west virginia-virginia border. since then, the area affected by this distinct variant of rabies virus associated with raccoons has spread to ohio in the west and new york, pennsylvania, vermont, new hampshire, and maine in the north. in addition, the once separate epizootics of rabies among raccoons in the southeastern and mid-atlantic states converged in north carolina. in july 1999, the raccoon rabies virus variant was repor ... | 2000 | 10680602 |
| larval fly activity on sunlit versus shaded raccoon carrion in southwestern west virginia with special reference to the black blowfly (diptera: calliphoridae). | larvae of phormia regina (meigen), phaenicia sp., and sarcophaga sp. were identified from raccoon carcasses placed in sunlit and shaded areas at a southwestern west virginia site in may of 2000. samples of larvae were taken from each carcass at 3-h intervals over a 153-h experimental period. phormia regina was clearly the dominant species with large numbers of third instars observed at every 3-h collection period from 81 to 153 h on both carcasses. mean lengths of third-instar p. regina larvae c ... | 2002 | 11931041 |
| predictive spatial dynamics and strategic planning for raccoon rabies emergence in ohio. | rabies is an important public health concern in north america because of recent epidemics of a rabies virus variant associated with raccoons. the costs associated with surveillance, diagnostic testing, and post-exposure treatment of humans exposed to rabies have fostered coordinated efforts to control rabies spread by distributing an oral rabies vaccine to wild raccoons. authorities have tried to contain westward expansion of the epidemic front of raccoon-associated rabies via a vaccine corridor ... | 2005 | 15737065 |
| A Spatial Model to Forecast Raccoon Rabies Emergence. | Abstract Although raccoons are widely distributed throughout North America, the raccoon rabies virus variant is enzootic only in the eastern United States, based on current surveillance data. This variant of rabies virus is now responsible for >60% of all cases of animal rabies reported in the United States each year. Ongoing national efforts via an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program are aimed at preventing the spread of raccoon rabies. However, from an epidemiologic perspective, the relati ... | 2011 | 21995266 |
| safety and immunogenicity of ontario rabies vaccine bait (onrab) in the first us field trial in raccoons (procyon lotor). | in 2011, we conducted a field trial in rural west virginia, usa to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live, recombinant human adenovirus (adrg1.3) rabies virus glycoprotein vaccine (ontario rabies vaccine bait; onrab) in wild raccoons (procyon lotor) and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis). we selected onrab for evaluation because of its effectiveness in raccoon rabies management in ontario and quebec, canada, and significantly higher antibody prevalence rates in raccoons compared with a ... | 2014 | 24807178 |
| knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinary facility owners regarding rabies preexposure prophylaxis--west virginia, 2011. | to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies preexposure prophylaxis among veterinary facility owners in west virginia and to compare facilities in counties where raccoon rabies virus variant (rrvv) is or is not enzootic. | 2013 | 23786192 |
| geographical clusters and predictors of rabies in three southeastern states. | the rabies virus causes progressive encephalomyelitis that is fatal in nearly 100% of untreated cases. in the united states, wildlife act as the primary reservoir for rabies; prevention, surveillance, and control costs remain high. the purpose of this study is to understand the current distribution of wildlife rabies in three southeastern states, with particular focus on raccoons as the primary eastern reservoir, as well as identify demographic and geographic factors which may affect the risk of ... | 2017 | 28418772 |
| costs of raccoon rabies incidents in cattle herds in hampshire county, west virginia, and guernsey county, ohio. | to determine direct and indirect costs associated with raccoon rabies incidents involving cattle herds in hampshire county, wv, in 2008 and guernsey county, ohio, in 2010. | 2013 | 24261805 |
| time series analysis of the impact of oral vaccination on raccoon rabies in west virginia, 1990-2007. | to assess the potential impact of oral rabies vaccination (orv) on the occurrence of raccoon rabies in the mid-atlantic region, temporal and seasonal trends of raccoon rabies cases reported in west virginia from 1990 to 2007 were identified with both descriptive statistical analysis and exploratory time series analysis. raccoon rabies cases in the non-orv region maintain an enzootic pattern and increase over time; a bimodal seasonal pattern is observed with a large peak in april and a smaller pe ... | 2010 | 20020812 |