Publications

long-term effects of a trophic cascade in a large lake ecosystem.	introductions or invasions of nonnative organisms can mediate major changes in the trophic structure of aquatic ecosystems. here we document multitrophic level impacts in a spatially extensive system that played out over more than a century. positive interactions among exotic vertebrate and invertebrate predators caused a substantial and abrupt shift in community composition resulting in a trophic cascade that extended to primary producers and to a nonaquatic species, the bald eagle. the opossum ...	2011	21199944
modeling predicts that redd trampling by cattle may contribute to population declines of native trout.	unrestricted livestock grazing can degrade aquatic ecosystems, and its effects on native vertebrate species are generally mediated by changes to physical habitat. recently, high estimated rates of cattle trampling on artificial redds within federal grazing allotments in southwestern montana, usa, has raised concern that direct mortality from trampling may contribute to imperilment of native westslope cutthroat trout (oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi). to explore the implications of cattle trampling, ...	2010	20597282