| declining brown-headed cowbird (molothrus ater) populations are associated with landscape-specific reductions in brood parasitism and increases in songbird productivity. | many songbird species have experienced significant population declines, partly because of brood parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird (molothrus ater), which is positively associated with increasing landscape forest cover in the midwestern united states. however, cowbirds are also experiencing long-term population declines, which should reduce parasitism pressure and thus increase productivity of host species. we used 20 years of nest monitoring data from five sites in missouri across a gradien ... | 2012 | 23077647 |