| the role of gender, phrenology, discrimination and nervous prostration in clara barton's career. | clara barton was 39 years old before she became involved in civil war humanitarian activities. prior to that time, three factors shaped her personality and her future: phrenology gave her philosophical principles to live by, especially "know thyself"; sex discrimination on her first two jobs steeled her for living in a male dominated victorian era; and psychohygienic therapy for her long term nervous prostration changed her behavioral approach to illness and to life. with these three influences ... | 1995 | 8568024 |