| dual sarcocystis neurona and toxoplasma gondii infection in a northern sea otter from washington state, usa. | dual sarcocystis neurona and toxoplasma gondii infection was observed in a northern sea otter from washington, usa. the animal was found stranded, convulsed, and died shortly thereafter. encephalitis caused by both s. neurona and t. gondii was demonstrated in histological sections of brain. immunohistochemical examination of sections with s. neurona specific antisera demonstrated developmental stages that divided by endopolygeny and produced numerous merozoites. pcr of brain tissue from the sea ... | 2001 | 11390085 |
| modest genetic differentiation among north american populations of sarcocystis neurona may reflect expansion in its geographic range. | sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of neurological disease in horses (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, epm) and sea otters in the united states. in addition, epm-like disease has been diagnosed in several other land and marine mammals. opossums are its only definitive hosts. little genetic diversity among isolates of s. neurona from different hosts has been reported. here, we used 11 microsatellites to characterize s. neurona dna isolated from natural infections in 22 sea otters (enhyd ... | 2008 | 18243561 |
| chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements in livers of sea otters from california, washington, and alaska (usa), and kamchatka (russia). | concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (ddts, hchs, and chlordanes), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), perfluorinated compounds (pfcs), and 20 trace elements were determined in livers of 3- to 5-year old stranded sea otters collected from the coastal waters of california, washington, and alaska (usa) and from kamchatka (russia). concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, pcbs, and pbdes were high in sea otter ... | 2008 | 18385877 |
| novel finding of widespread occurrence and accumulation of bisphenol a diglycidyl ethers (badges) and novolac glycidyl ethers (noges) in marine mammals from the united states coastal waters. | bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (badge)- and bisphenol f diglycidyl ether (bfdge)-based epoxy resins have a broad range of applications, including serving as inner coatings of food and beverage cans and as protective coatings in marine construction. prior to this study, no studies had examined the occurrence and bioaccumulation of badges or bfdges in aquatic organisms. in this study, badge, bfdge, and nine of their derivatives were determined in 121 tissue (liver, kidney, blubber, and brain) sample ... | 2016 | 26800265 |
| expressed mhc class ii genes in sea otters (enhydra lutris) from geographically disparate populations. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is central to maintaining the immunologic vigor of individuals and populations. classical mhc class ii genes were targeted for partial sequencing in sea otters (enhydra lutris) from populations in california, washington, and alaska. sequences derived from sea otter peripheral blood leukocyte mrnas were similar to those classified as dqa, dqb, dra, and drb in other species. comparisons of the derived amino acid compositions supported the classification o ... | 2006 | 16671948 |
| contamination status and accumulation profiles of organotins in sea otters (enhydra lutris) found dead along the coasts of california, washington, alaska (usa), and kamchatka (russia). | organotin compounds (ots) including mono- to tri-butyltins, -phenyltins, and -octyltins were determined in the liver of adult sea otters (enhydra lutris) found dead along the coasts of california, washington, and alaska in the usa and kamchatka, russia. total concentrations of ots in sea otters from california ranged from 34 to 4100ng/g on a wet weight basis. the order of concentrations of ots in sea otters was total butyltins>total octyltins> or = total phenyltins. elevated concentrations of bu ... | 2008 | 18304586 |
| pathogen exposure and blood chemistry in the washington, usa population of northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni). | northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni) from washington state, united states were evaluated in 2011 to determine health status and pathogen exposure. antibodies to brucella spp. (10%) and influenza a virus (23%) were detected for the first time in this population in 2011. changes in clinical pathology values (serum chemistries), exposure to pathogens, and overall health of the population over the last decade were assessed by comparing 2011 data to the data collected on this population in 20 ... | 2013 | 24502716 |
| genetic diversity among sea otter isolates of toxoplasma gondii. | sea otters (enhydra lutris) have been reported to become infected with toxoplasma gondii and at times succumb to clinical disease. here, we determined genotypes of 39 t. gondii isolates from 37 sea otters in two geographically distant locations (25 from california and 12 from washington). six genotypes were identified using 10 pcr-rflp genetic markers including sag1, sag2, sag3, btub, gra6, c22-8, c29-2, l358, pk1, and apico, and by dna sequencing of loci sag1 and gra6 in 13 isolates. of these 3 ... | 2008 | 18155841 |
| evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for demonstration of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in the sea otter (enhydra lutris). | an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for detection of toxoplasma gondii infection was validated using serum from 77 necropsied southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) whose t. gondii infection status was determined through immunohistochemistry and parasite isolation in cell culture. twenty-eight otters (36%) were positive for t. gondii by immunohistochemistry or parasite isolation or both, whereas 49 (64%) were negative by both tests. at a cutoff of 1:320, combined values for ifat se ... | 2002 | 12099433 |