| coal-mine hollow fill and settling pond influences on headwater streams in southern west virginia, usa. | the influences of coal-mine hollow fills and associated settling ponds in three headwater streams were assessed in southern west virginia, usa. fill drainage waters had elevated conductivities and metal concentrations, compared to a regional reference. benthic macroinvertebrate richness was not affected consistently by the hollow fill drainages, relative to a regional reference, although a more tolerant community, lacking in ephemeroptera taxa at most locations, was evident. collector-filterer p ... | 2007 | 17057969 |