| vector species of culicoides midges implicated in the 2012‑2014 bluetongue epidemics in italy. | in 2012, serotypes 1 and 4 of bluetongue virus (btv) entered and co‑circulated in sardinia. the following year, btv‑1 spread all over sardinia and invaded sicily and the italian tyrrenian coast. in 2014, this strain spread extensively in mainland italy, causing severe outbreaks. in late 2014, btv‑4 was detected in southern italy (apulia region). this study reports the detection of btv in species of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) collected in italy during the epidemics between 2012 and 201 ... | 2015 | 26129664 |