| exposure of pollinators to plant protection products. | as a general rule, environmental risk for chemicals is characterised by comparing an expected exposure level (e.g. pec) with an ecotoxicological endpoint. the same approach is generally used for plant protection products (ppps). however, in some cases, suitable procedures for a precise quantification of exposure are not available. the common risk assessment procedure for pollinators based on the hazard quotient, where the agronomic application rate is assumed as an exposure indicator, is an exam ... | 2012 | 22752801 |