| present and future costs of copd in iceland and norway: results from the bold study. | the burden of obstructive lung disease (bold) initiative provides standardised estimates of the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) worldwide. we estimate the current and future economic burden of copd in reykjavik, iceland and bergen, norway using data from the bold initiative. data on utilisation of healthcare resources were gathered from the bold survey, existing literature and unit costs from national sources. economic data were applied to a markov model using transition p ... | 2009 | 19357148 |