| isolation of dolastatin 10 from the marine cyanobacterium symploca species vp642 and total stereochemistry and biological evaluation of its analogue symplostatin 1. | the potent antitumor agent dolastatin 10 (1) was originally isolated from the sea hare dolabella auricularia, and we now report its isolation from the marine cyanobacterium symploca sp. vp642 from palau. the chemically related analogue symplostatin 1 (2) has been reisolated from guamanian and hawaiian varieties of s. hydnoides and its total stereochemistry completed by determining the n,n-dimethylisoleucine unit to be l. symplostatin 1 (2), like dolastatin 10 (1), is a potent microtubule inhibit ... | 2001 | 11473421 |
| new apratoxins of marine cyanobacterial origin from guam and palau. | two collections of the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya sp. from guam and palau that both afforded the potent cytotoxin apratoxin a (1) each yielded different structural analogues with lower degrees of methylation. the new apratoxins, termed apratoxins b (2) and c (3), were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity along with semisynthetic e-dehydroapratoxin a (4) to identify key structural elements responsible for the cytotoxicity and to initiate sar studies on this novel family of depsipeptides. ... | 2002 | 11937357 |
| thorectandrols c, d, and e, new sesterterpenes from the marine sponge thorectandra sp. | extracts of the marine sponge thorectandra sp. have been found to contain three new sesterterpenes, thorectandrols c (4), d (5), and e (6), together with the known compounds luffarin r (7), luffarin v (8), and palauolide (9). the structures were determined by extensive nmr spectral data analysis. their relative stereochemistry was defined using noe correlations and coupling constants, while cd data were used to suggest their absolute stereochemistry. cytotoxicity data for compounds 4-9 as well a ... | 2002 | 11975486 |
| localization studies of ioactive cyclic peptides in the ascidian lissoclinum patella. | a palauan specimen of the ascidian lissoclinum patella contained the cyclic peptides patellamides a-c. in contrast to previous reports concerning the location of cyclic peptides in l. patella and l. bistratum, it has been demonstrated that these cyclic peptides were not located in the symbiotic cyanobacterium prochloron sp. but were instead distributed throughout the ascidian tunic. the relevance of these results with respect to the biosynthetic origins of the patellamides is discussed. | 2002 | 12027743 |
| ulongamides a-f, new beta-amino acid-containing cyclodepsipeptides from palauan collections of the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya sp. | six new beta-amino acid-containing cyclic depsipeptides, termed ulongamides a-f (1-6), have been isolated from collections of apratoxin-producing cyanobacteria from palau. their planar structures have been determined by nmr spectroscopic techniques. the absolute stereochemistry of the hydroxy acid and all the alpha-amino acid-derived units was ascertained to be s by chiral hplc analysis of degradation products. the stereochemistry of the beta-amino acid moiety, 3-amino-2-methylhexanoic acid, was ... | 2002 | 12141859 |
| tasiamide, a cytotoxic peptide from the marine cyanobacterium symploca sp. | the acyclic peptide tasiamide (1) has been isolated from the marine cyanobacterium symploca sp. the planar structure and absolute stereochemistry of the peptide were deduced by 2d nmr techniques and chiral hplc. tasiamide (1) was cytotoxic against kb and lovo cells with ic(50) values of 0.48 and 3.47 microg/ml, respectively. | 2002 | 12350160 |
| lyngbyaloside b, a new glycoside macrolide from a palauan marine cyanobacterium, lyngbya sp. | a palauan collection of the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya sp., which had already afforded diverse peptide-based cytotoxins, also yielded a new glycoside macrolide exhibiting slight cytotoxicity. the compound was termed lyngbyaloside b (1) due to its structural analogy to the previously isolated lyngbyaloside (2). lyngbyaloside b (1) appears to be only the third glycoside macrolide and second brominated compound of its kind from a marine cyanobacterium. its gross structure was determined by a com ... | 2002 | 12502348 |
| tasipeptins a and b: new cytotoxic depsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium symploca sp. | two new depsipeptides have been isolated from a symploca sp. collected in palau. the gross structures of tasipeptins a (1) and b (2) were determined by standard spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configuration of the amino acid units was determined by chiral hplc. the relative stereochemistry of the 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone (ahp) moiety in both structures was determined by analysis of (2,3)j(h,h) values. oxidation with pcc and acid hydrolysis unmasked this latent glutamic acid moie ... | 2003 | 12762794 |
| ulongapeptin, a cytotoxic cyclic depsipeptide from a palauan marine cyanobacterium lyngbya sp. | ulongapeptin (1), a cyclic depsipeptide, was isolated from a palauan marine cyanobacterium lyngbya sp. the gross structure was elucidated through one-dimensional tocsy experiments and other spectroscopic techniques. the absolute and relative stereochemistry of the beta-amino acid, 3-amino-2-methyl-7-octynoic acid (amo), in 1 was determined by synthesis of the saturated alpha-alkyl-beta-amino acid and marfey's analysis of the acid hydrolysate of tetrahydro-1. ulongapeptin (1) was cytotoxic agains ... | 2003 | 12762800 |
| the isolation and structure elucidation of tasiamide b, a 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid containing peptide from the marine cyanobacterium symploca sp. | a new cytotoxic peptide, which displayed an ic(50) value of 0.8 microm against kb cells, has been isolated from the marine cyanobacterium symploca sp. the planar structure of tasiamide b (1), deduced by 2d nmr experiments, contains the unusual amino acid-derived residue 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid (ahppa). the configuration of 1 was deduced by hplc analysis of degradation products. | 2003 | 12880326 |
| crambescidin 826 and dehydrocrambine a: new polycyclic guanidine alkaloids from the marine sponge monanchora sp. that inhibit hiv-1 fusion. | two new polycyclic guanidine alkaloids, crambescidin 826 (1) and dehydrocrambine a (2), and the known compounds crambescidin 800 (3) and fromiamycalin (4) were isolated from the marine sponge monanchora sp. the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by 2d nmr and mass spectrometry, and relative stereochemistry was established by analysis of coupling constants and roesy spectra. the pentacyclic guanidine alkaloids 1, 3, and 4 inhibit hiv-1 envelope-mediated fusion in vitro with ic(50)'s of 1-3 mic ... | 2003 | 14640525 |
| a new species of spinicauda (nematoda: heterakidae) and other endoparasites in platymantis pelewensis (anura: ranidae) from the palau islands, republic of belau, oceanica. | spinicauda fisheri n. sp. from the intestine of platymantis pelewensis collected in the palau islands, republic of belau, is described and illustrated. spinicauda fisheri represents the 12th species assigned to the genus and the first from oceanica. it is most similar to spinicauda spinicauda in that the tail ends in a filament, but it has 19 pairs of caudal papillae as compared with 5 pairs in s. spinicauda. in addition to s. fisheri, 2 species of cestoda, cysticercoids of joyeuxiella sp. and t ... | 2004 | 15715239 |
| a single cyanobacterial ribotype is associated with both red and black bands on diseased corals from palau. | filamentous cyanobacteria forming red and black bands (black band disease, bbd) on 3 scleractinian corals from palau were molecularly identified as belonging to a single ribotype. red cyanobacterial mats sampled from infections on pachyseris speciosa and a massive porites sp. yielded red strains rms1 and rms2 respectively; the black cyanobacterial mat sampled from an infection on montipora sp. yielded black strain bms1. following trials of a range of specialized media and culture conditions, 2 m ... | 2006 | 16703773 |
| perexilibacter aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family 'flammeovirgaceae' isolated from sediment. | a strictly aerobic, gram-negative, gliding, dull-orange-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain shu-f-uv2-2(t), was isolated from sediment (carp island, republic of palau) and was the focus of a polyphasic taxonomic study. phylogenetic analyses based on the 16s rrna gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate was affiliated to the family 'flammeovirgaceae' of the phylum bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (85.5 %) to flammeovirga yaeyamensis nbrc 100898(t). ... | 2007 | 17473242 |
| ruegeria mobilis sp. nov., a member of the alphaproteobacteria isolated in japan and palau. | the taxonomic positions of two bacterial strains, mbic01146(t) and mbic01099, isolated from marine environments of japan and palau, respectively, were determined by using a polyphasic approach. the bacteria were aerobic, motile, gram-negative rods and formed star-shaped aggregations. the g+c content of the genomic dna ranged from 58.5 to 58.7 mol%. the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were c(16 : 0), c(18 : 1)omega6c and c(18 : 1)omega7c. 16s r ... | 2007 | 17551047 |
| pelagicoccus mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., pelagicoccus albus sp. nov. and pelagicoccus litoralis sp. nov., three novel members of subdivision 4 within the phylum 'verrucomicrobia', isolated from seawater by in situ cultivation. | five gram-negative, white-pigmented, spherical, chemoheterotrophic bacteria were isolated from seawater from japan and the republic of palau by use of an in situ cultivation technique. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that the five novel isolates, 02pa-ca-133(t), ym14-201(t), h-mn57(t), h-mn48 and mn1-156, were closely affiliated to members of subdivision 4 within the phylum 'verrucomicrobia'. the novel isolates shared 96-100 % sequence similarity with each other ... | 2007 | 17625161 |
| limibacter armeniacum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of the family 'flammeovirgaceae' isolated from marine sediment. | two strictly aerobic, gram-negative, gliding, apricot- to pale-orange-pigmented, rod-shaped bacteria, strains ym11-185t and ym11-159, were isolated from marine sediments in the republic of palau. preliminary analysis based on the 16s rrna gene sequence revealed that the novel isolates could be affiliated with the family 'flammeovirgaceae' of the phylum bacteroidetes. strains ym11-185t and ym11-159 shared 100 % sequence similarity and showed less than 90 % similarity to cultivated representatives ... | 2008 | 18398206 |
| paramoritella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family moritellaceae isolated in the republic of palau. | two strains of marine, heterotrophic, alkaliphilic bacteria, designated a3f-7(t) and ssthio04pa2-7c, were isolated from hard coral and marine sand, respectively, collected in the republic of palau. a phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the isolates were related to members of the genus moritella. however, the sequence similarities between the isolates and the type strains of the moritella species were less than 93 %. the g+c contents of the isolates were around 57 m ... | 2009 | 19196787 |
| lipophilic 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles from the marine sponge mycale sp. inhibit mitochondrial respiration and hif-1 activation. | the lipid extract of the marine sponge mycale sp. inhibited the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (hif-1) in a human breast tumor t47d cell-based reporter assay. bioassay-guided isolation and structure elucidation yielded 18 new lipophilic 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles and eight structurally related known compounds. the active compounds inhibited hypoxia-induced hif activation with moderate potency (ic50 values <10 microm). mechanistic studies revealed that the active compounds suppressed mi ... | 2009 | 19845338 |
| salinispora pacifica sp. nov., an actinomycete from marine sediments. | a polyphasic analysis was carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of four marine actinomycete strains that share a phylogenetic relationship and phenotypic characteristics with the genus salinispora. these strains formed a distinct lineage within the salinispora 16s rrna and gyrb trees and were found to possess a range of phenotypic properties and dna:dna hybridization values that distinguished them from the type strains of the two validly named species in this genus, salinispora tropica (cn ... | 2013 | 23361994 |
| phase shift facilitation following cyclone disturbance on coral reefs. | while positive interactions have been observed to influence patterns of recruitment and succession in marine and terrestrial plant communities, the role of facilitation in macroalgal phase shifts is relatively unknown. in december 2012, typhoon bopha caused catastrophic losses of corals on the eastern reefs of palau. within weeks of the typhoon, an ephemeral bloom of monospecific macroalgae (liagora sp.) was observed, reaching a peak of 38.6% cover in february 2013. at this peak, we observed a p ... | 2015 | 25761445 |
| systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (caenogastropoda, diplommatinidae) endemic to the palau islands. (3) description of eight new species and two new subspecies of hungerfordia. | hungerfordia beddome, 1889 is a land snail genus of the family diplommatinidae, which shows extensive endemic radiation in the palau (belau) islands. although 42 species or subspecies of the genus have been named to date, many species remain to be described. in this article, we describe ten new taxa of the genus: h. goniobasis exserta subsp. nov., h. ngereamensis sp. nov., h. spiroperculata sp. nov., h. fragilipennis sp. nov., h. brachyptera sp. nov., h. elegantissima anomphala subsp. nov., h. n ... | 2015 | 26701496 |
| induced production of halogenated epidithiodiketopiperazines by a marine-derived trichoderma cf. brevicompactum with sodium halides. | marine-derived trichoderma sp. tpu199 (cf. t. brevicompactum) produced gliovirin (1), pretrichodermamide a (2), and trichodermamide a (3) in a freshwater medium. compounds 1 and 2 are rare epidithiodiketopiperazines possessing an unusual disulfide linkage. in the seawater medium, the strain biosynthesized the 5-chloro-5-deoxy derivatives (4 and 5) of 3 and 2. the production of 5 was proportional to the concentration of seawater (nacl). therefore, 5-bromo-5-deoxy (6) and 5-deoxy-5-iodo (7) deriva ... | 2015 | 26439145 |
| systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (caenogastropoda, diplommatinidae) endemic to the palau islands. (2) taxonomic revision of hungerfordia species with low axial ribs. | hungerfordia beddome, 1889 is a terrestrial caenogastropod genus of the family diplommatinidae endemic to the palau (belau) islands. hungerfordia is radiated within the palau islands and exhibits substantial morphological diversity. in this paper, the taxonomy of hungerfordia species with low axial ribs is revised. hungerfordia polymorpha (crosse, 1866), h. inflatula (crosse, 1866), h. crassilabris crassilabris (beddome, 1889), h. lutea lutea (beddome, 1889), h. ringens ringens (crosse, 1866), h ... | 2015 | 26249932 |
| a new deep-branching stramenopile, platysulcus tardus gen. nov., sp. nov. | a novel free-living heterotrophic stramenopile, platysulcus tardus gen. nov., sp. nov. was isolated from sedimented detritus on a seaweed collected near the ngeruktabel island, palau. p. tardus is a gliding flagellate with tubular mastigonemes on the anterior short flagellum and a wide, shallow ventral furrow. although the flagellar apparatus of p. tardus is typical of stramenopiles, it shows novel ultrastructural combinations that are not applied to any groups of heterotrophic stramenopiles. ph ... | 2015 | 26070192 |
| systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (caenogastropoda, diplommatinidae) endemic to the palau islands. (1) generic classification and revision of hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs. | diplommatinidae is a family of terrestrial caenogastropod snails that shows extensive species diversity and endemic radiation within the palau (belau) islands. in this paper, we revised the taxonomy of palauan endemic diplommatinids based on the comparative morphology of shell, operculum, radula, and genitalia. although the generic classification of palauan diplommatinids has been confusing, they are currently classified into two genera, hungerfordia beddome, 1889 and palaina semper, 1865. palau ... | 2013 | 25113222 |
| marine sponge: a potential source for methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the asia-pacific food web. | marine sponges collected in palau, micronesia, were investigated for hydroxylated or methoxylated analogues of brominated diphenyl ethers (bdes), brominated dibenzo-p-dioxin (bdd), and brominated biphenyls. the neutral fractions of haliclona sp. and callyspongia sp. contained 2'-methoxy-2,3',4,5'-tetrabde, 6-methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabde, 2',6-dimethoxy-2,3',4,5-tetrabde 2,2'-dimethoxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl, several methoxy-tribdes, and dimethoxy-penta-/hexabdes. the methoxylated bdes in spo ... | 2011 | 22034991 |
| hexaprenoid hydroquinones from the sponge haliclona (aka adocia) sp. | three new hexaprenoid hydroquinones, adociaquinol (1), adociasulfate 11 (2), and adociasulfate 12 (3), together with the known adociasulfates 2, 4, and 6, were isolated from the marine sponge haliclona (aka adocia) sp. the structures of these compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data. | 2006 | 16872132 |
| rapid evolutionary radiation of marine zooplankton in peripheral environments. | populations of jellyfish, mastigias sp., landlocked in tropical marine lakes during the holocene, show extreme genetic isolation (0.74 < or = phist < or = 1.00), founder effects (genetic diversity: 0.000 < or = pi < or = 0.001), rapid morphological evolution, and behavioral adaptation. these results demonstrate incipient speciation in what we propose may be modern analogues of plio-pleistocene populations isolated in ocean basins by glacially lowered sea level and counterparts to modern marine p ... | 2005 | 15964980 |
| a new antifouling hexapeptide from a palauan sponge, haliclona sp. | bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of the sponge haliclona sp. provided a known hexapeptide, waiakeamide (1), and a new sulfone derivative (2). the structures of hexapeptides 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive nmr analyses and the advanced marfey's method with lc/ms. these compounds showed repellent activity against the blue mussel, mytilus edulis galloprovincialis. | 2003 | 12762818 |
| three dolabellanes and a macrolide from the sponge dysidea sp. from palau. | a specimen of dysidea sp. from palau contained three new dolabellane diterpenes 1-3 and an unstable 14-membered macrolide, arenolide (4), which showed modest cytotoxicity. from a chemotaxonomic viewpoint, these metabolites are so unusual that we discuss their possible origin. | 1998 | 9748373 |
| <i>cinachyrella anatriaenilla</i> sp. nov., a new tetillid sponge with microacanthoxeas from american samoa in the south pacific. | several sponges from american samoa, collected by the coral reef research foundation, republic of palau, were tentatively identified by one of us as acanthotetilla cf seychellensis (thomas 1973), due to the possession of relatively small acanthose oxeas, compared to those of other species of the genus acanthotetilla burton 1959. these sponges were later compared to cinachyrella australiensis (carter 1886), taking into account the lack of conspicuous spination on the acanthose oxeas and general f ... | 2017 | 28609936 |