| serologic evidence of arbovirus infections in humans and wild animals in alaska. | blood samples were collected from humans and several species of free-ranging wild animals in alaska. sera were tested for antibody to jamestown canyon (jc), snowshoe hare (ssh), northway (nor), klamath (kla), sakhalin (sak), great island (gi), and silverwater (sil) virus. jc antibody was found in 54% of 121 human, 89% of 97 bison (bison bison), 51% of 84 dall sheep (ovis dalli), 43% of 68 snowshoe hare (lepus americanus), and 3% of 33 arctic fox (alopex lagopus) sera. ssh antibody was found in 4 ... | 1983 | 6644915 |
| survey of fox trappers in northern alaska for rabies antibody. | the purpose of this research was to determine whether trappers in northern alaska acquired immunity to rabies virus from non-bite exposures while trapping and skinning arctic foxes (alopex lagopus). in coastal alaska recurring epizootics presumably provide trappers ample opportunity for contact with rabid animals. serum neutralization analyses of blood samples collected from 26 individuals were conducted. all but three had negative rabies neutralizing antibody levels (< 0.05 i.u./ml). two of the ... | 1994 | 8062870 |
| rabies and canine distemper in an arctic fox population in alaska. | two oil field workers were attacked by a rabid arctic fox (alopex lagopus) in the prudhoe bay oil field (alaska, usa) prompting officials to reduce the local fox population. ninety-nine foxes were killed during winter 1994. we tested foxes for prevalence of rabies and canine distemper. exposure to rabies was detected in five of 99 foxes. of the five, only one fox had rabies virus in neural tissue as determined by the direct fluorescent antibody test. the other four foxes had been exposed to rabi ... | 2001 | 11272487 |
| oral vaccination of captive arctic foxes with lyophilized sag2 rabies vaccine. | arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) were immunized with lyophilized sag2 oral rabies vaccine. the effectiveness of this vaccine was determined by serologic response and survival to challenge by rabies virus isolated from a red fox from alaska (usa). no vaccine virus was found in saliva 1-72 hr after ingestion. at 2 wk after vaccination, all foxes had seroconverted, with rabies virus neutralizing antibody levels of 0.2-3.1 iu ml(-1). all vaccinated foxes survived to week 17 after challenge, and hippoca ... | 2004 | 15362836 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2006. | during 2006, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,940 cases of rabies in animals and 3 cases in humans to the cdc, representing an 8.2% increase from the 6,417 cases in animals and 1 case in a human reported in 2005. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,615 raccoons (37.7%), 1,692 bats (24.4%), 1,494 skunks (21.5%), 427 foxes (6.2%), 318 cats (4.6%), 82 cattle (1.2%), and 79 dogs (1. ... | 2007 | 17696853 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2007. | summary: during 2007, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the cdc, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (27.2%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 ca ... | 2008 | 18795848 |
| juvenile rickets and hyperparathyroidism in the arctic fox. | three of seven arctic fox kits, alopex lagopus, trapped on st. paul island, alaska, had evidence of rickets and hyperparathyroidism. radiographic, morphologic and histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. the disease was presumed to be a juvenile-onset disease due to calcium-deficient intake following weaning. the possibility of insufficient exposure to sunlight could not be determined. no other abnormalities (e.g., genitourinary) were found. skeletal involvement was quite varied. all grow ... | 2004 | 522228 |
| shaggy lame fox syndrome in pribilof island arctic foxes ( alopex lagopus pribilofensis), alaska. | a previously unrecognized condition is described in wild free-ranging pribilof arctic foxes ( alopex lagopus pribilofensis) from the pribilof islands, alaska, usa. this condition is called shaggy lame fox syndrome (slfs) denoting the primary clinical signs first observed. criteria used to suspect slfs on gross examination included emaciation, failure to shed winter pelage and moderate to severe polyarthritis. criteria used to confirm slfs histologically included polyarthritis (characterized by l ... | 2017 | 27543449 |
| population structure of two rabies hosts relative to the known distribution of rabies virus variants in alaska. | for pathogens that infect multiple species, the distinction between reservoir hosts and spillover hosts is often difficult. in alaska, three variants of the arctic rabies virus exist with distinct spatial distributions. we tested the hypothesis that rabies virus variant distribution corresponds to the population structure of the primary rabies hosts in alaska, arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) to possibly distinguish reservoir and spillover hosts. we used mitochondrial ... | 2016 | 26661691 |
| a conceptual model for the impact of climate change on fox rabies in alaska, 1980-2010. | the direct and interactive effects of climate change on host species and infectious disease dynamics are likely to initially manifest\ at latitudinal extremes. as such, alaska represents a region in the united states for introspection on climate change and disease. rabies is enzootic among arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) throughout the northern polar region. in alaska, arctic and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are reservoirs for rabies, with most domestic animal and wildlife cases reported from norther ... | 2014 | 23452510 |
| occurrence and genotypic analysis of trichinella species in alaska marine-associated mammals of the bering and chukchi seas. | the zoonotic parasite trichinella is the causative agent of trichinellosis outbreaks in the circumpolar arctic. subsistence communities are particularly prone to trichinellosis due to traditional meat preparation methods and regional presence of a freeze-tolerant trichinella species (trichinella nativa). this study is the first application of a validated artificial digestion method in determining incidence of trichinella sp. in alaskan mammals. infection incidence in pinniped species (erignathus ... | 2014 | 24373515 |
| sarcocystis arctica (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae): ultrastructural description and its new host record, the alaskan wolf (canis lupus). | sarcocystis sarcocysts are common in muscles of herbivores but are rare in muscles of carnivores. here, we report sarcocysts in the muscles of a gray wolf (canis lupus) from alaska, usa, for the first time. sarcocysts extracted from the tongue of the wolf were up to 900 μm long and slender and appeared to have a relatively thin wall by light microscope. by transmission electron microscopy, the sarcocyst wall most closely resembled "type 9c," and had a wavy parasitophorous vacuolar membrane folde ... | 2016 | 27112760 |
| organochlorine contaminant and stable isotope profiles in arctic fox (alopex lagopus) from the alaskan and canadian arctic. | arctic fox (alopex lagopus) is a circumpolar species distributed across northern canada and alaska. arctic fox muscle and liver were collected at barrow, ak, usa (n=18), holman, nt, canada (n=20), and arviat, nu, canada (n=20) to elucidate the feeding ecology of this species and relate these findings to body residue patterns of organochlorine contaminants (ocs). stable carbon (delta 13c) and nitrogen (delta 15n) isotope analyses of arctic fox muscle indicated that trophic position (estimated by ... | 2003 | 12547532 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of sarcocystis arctica-like sarcocysts from the arctic fox (vulpes lagopus) from alaska, usa. | the muscles of herbivores commonly harbor sarcocysts of parasites belonging to species in the genus sarcocystis, but such muscle parasites are rare in carnivores. here, we report sarcocystis arctica-like sarcocysts in muscles of arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) from alaska, usa, for the first time. the tongues of 56 foxes were examined for sarcocystis infection using several methods. sarcocystis bradyzoites were detected in pepsin digests of 13 (23.2%), and sarcocysts were found in histological sec ... | 2017 | 28503709 |
| importance of the national petroleum reserve-alaska for aquatic birds. | we used data from aerial surveys (1992-2010) of >100,000 km(2) and ground surveys (1998-2004) of >150 km(2) to estimate the density and abundance of birds on the north slope of alaska (u.s.a.). in the ground surveys, we used double sampling to estimate detection ratios. we used the aerial survey data to compare densities of birds and arctic fox (vulpes lagopus), the major nest predator of birds, on the north slope, in prudhoe bay, and in nearby areas. we partitioned the prudhoe bay oil field int ... | 2013 | 23937114 |