| transmission of hepatitis c virus infection to tree shrews. | although hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection can be reproduced in chimpanzees, these animals are rare and expensive. tree shrews (tupaias) are small animals, closely related to primates, which adapt easily to a laboratory environment. in this work we have investigated the susceptibility of tupaia belangeri chinensis to hcv infection. tupaias caught in the wild in yunnan (china) were inoculated in china with hcv genotype 1b (study a) and in spain with a mixture of genotypes 1b, 1a, and 3 (study b). ... | 1998 | 9601519 |
| primary hepatocytes of tupaia belangeri as a potential model for hepatitis c virus infection. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide, but the study of hcv infection has been hampered by the lack of an in vitro or in vivo small animal model. the tree shrew tupaia belangeri is susceptible to infection with a variety of human viruses in vivo, including hepatitis viruses. we show that primary tupaia hepatocytes can be infected with serum- or plasma-derived hcv from infected humans, as measured by de novo synthesis of hcv rna, analysis of viral quasispecies ev ... | 2002 | 11805134 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in human liver tissue engrafted in mice with an infectious molecular clone. | recent advances in molecular cloning of hepatitis c virus (hcv) have enabled us to apply some available hcv molecular clones to experimental studies. however, these investigations have been restricted to chimpanzee models or 'isolated hepatocytes' from tree shrews. in this study, we engrafted 'human liver tissue' into immunodeficient mice and investigated hcv infection using an infectious molecular clone. | 2004 | 15189278 |
| [infection of tupaia hepatocytes with hepatitis c virus in vitro]. | tupaia belangeri (tree shrew) has a close phylogenetic relationship with primates and has been shown to be susceptible to a variety of human viruses. this study was conducted to investigate whether or not hepatitis c virus (hcv) could infect primary tupaia hepatocytes (pths) in vitro. | 2005 | 16313720 |
| efficient infection of tree shrew (tupaia belangeri) with hepatitis c virus grown in cell culture or from patient plasma. | the generation of a new, cost-effective, non-primate, small-animal model would greatly facilitate research into hepatitis c virus (hcv) pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic and preventative technologies to control the increasing hcv threat to public health. native hcv from patient plasma and hcv grown in cell culture (hcvcc) were used to inoculate adult tree shrews. each animal was inoculated with one hcv genotype. alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels, hcv rna and viral load we ... | 2007 | 17698660 |
| pathogenesis of hepatitis c virus infection in tupaia belangeri. | the lack of a small-animal model has hampered the analysis of hepatitis c virus (hcv) pathogenesis. the tupaia (tupaia belangeri), a tree shrew, has shown susceptibility to hcv infection and has been considered a possible candidate for a small experimental model of hcv infection. however, a longitudinal analysis of hcv-infected tupaias has yet to be described. here, we provide an analysis of hcv pathogenesis during the course of infection in tupaias over a 3-year period. the animals were inocula ... | 2010 | 19846521 |
| tupaia cd81, sr-bi, claudin-1, and occludin support hepatitis c virus infection. | hepatitis c virus (hcv)-related research has been hampered by the lack of appropriate small-animal models. it has been reported that tree shrews, or tupaias (tupaia belangeri), can be infected with serum-derived hcv. however, these reports do not firmly establish the tupaia as a reliable model of hcv infection. human cd81, scavenger receptor class b type i (sr-bi), claudin 1 (cldn1), and occludin (ocln) are considered essential receptors or coreceptors for hcv cell entry. in the present study, t ... | 2010 | 21177818 |
| metabolomic analysis of key regulatory metabolites in hepatitis c virus-infected tree shrews. | metabolomics is a powerful new technology that allows the assessment of global low-molecular-weight metabolites in a biological system and which shows great potential in biomarker discovery. analysis of the key metabolites in body fluids has become an important part of improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of diseases. hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major leading cause of liver disease worldwide and a serious burden on public health. however, the lack of a small-animal model has hampered ... | 2012 | 23264353 |
| tupaia belangeri as an experimental animal model for viral infection. | tupaias, or tree shrews, are small mammals that are similar in appearance to squirrels. the morphological and behavioral characteristics of the group have been extensively characterized, and despite previously being classified as primates, recent studies have placed the group in its own family, the tupaiidae. genomic analysis has revealed that the genus tupaia is closer to humans than it is to rodents. in addition, tupaias are susceptible to hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus. the only othe ... | 2014 | 25048261 |
| identification and characterization of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis). | in mammals, the toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a major role in initiating innate immune responses against pathogens. comparison of the tlrs in different mammals may help in understanding the tlr-mediated responses and developing of animal models and efficient therapeutic measures for infectious diseases. the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis), a small mammal with a close relationship to primates, is a viable experimental animal for studying viral and bacterial infections. in this s ... | 2016 | 26923770 |
| identification and characterization of liver micrornas of the chinese tree shrew via deep sequencing. | chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis) is a small animal that possess many features, which are valuable in biomedical research, as experimental models. currently, there are numerous attempts to utilize tree shrews as models for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. | 2015 | 26587035 |
| tree shrew, a potential animal model for hepatitis c, supports the infection and replication of hcv in vitro and in vivo. | the tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis), a small animal widely distributed in southeast asia and southwest china, has the potential to be developed as an animal model for hepatitis c. to determine the susceptibility of the tree shrew to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in vitro and in vivo, a well-established hcv, produced from the j6/jfh1-huh7.5.1 culture system, was used to infect cultured primary tupaia hepatocytes (pths) and tree shrews. the in vitro results showed that hcv genomic rna ... | 2017 | 28758632 |
| creating animal models, why not use the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis)? | the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis), a squirrel-like and rat-sized mammal, has a wide distribution in southeast asia, south and southwest china and has many unique characteristics that make it suitable for use as an experimental animal. there have been many studies using the tree shrew (tupaia belangeri) aimed at increasing our understanding of fundamental biological mechanisms and for the modeling of human diseases and therapeutic responses. the recent release of a publicly avai ... | 2017 | 28585435 |
| tupaia mavs is a dual target during hepatitis c virus infection for innate immune evasion and viral replication via nf-κb. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is the cause of severe liver disease in many people. the restricted species tropism of hcv hinders the research and development of drugs and vaccines. the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinensis) is a close relative of primates and can be infected by hcv, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. in this study, we have characterized the functions of tree shrew mavs (tmavs) in response to hcv infection and defined the capacity of hcv replication. hcv was ... | 2020 | 32907995 |
| establishment and transcriptomic features of an immortalized hepatic cell line of the chinese tree shrew. | the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinesis) is a rising experimental animal and has been used for studying a variety of human diseases, such as metabolic and viral infectious diseases. | 2020 | 32880691 |
| tree shrew bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells express cd81, ocln, and mir-122, facilitating the entire hepatitis c virus life cycle. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and associated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. at present, there is no prophylactic vaccine against hcv due to the lack of in vivo and in vitro model systems. although most recombinants of all major hcv genotypes replicate in huh-7 cell line and derivatives, these cells are human hepatoma-derived cell line. therefore, the development of un-tumor-derived cell systems facilitating the entire hcv life cyc ... | 2020 | 32056224 |
| differences across cyclophilin a orthologs contribute to the host range restriction of hepatitis c virus. | the restricted host tropism of hepatitis c virus (hcv) remains incompletely understood, especially post-entry, and has hindered developing an immunocompetent, small animal model. hcv replication in non-permissive species may be limited by incompatibilities between the viral replication machinery and orthologs of essential host factors, like cyclophilin a (cypa). we thus compared the ability of cypa from mouse, tree shrew, and seven non-human primate species to support hcv replication, finding th ... | 2019 | 31074414 |