| response of hemopoietic cells to avian acute leukemia viruses: effects on the differentiation of the target cells. | chicken bone marrow cells were infected with three avian acute leukemia viruses (alv)--avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), myelocytomatosis virus strain mc29 and mill hill 2 virus (mh2)--and then cultured in agar in the presence of conditioned medium. under these conditions, it was found that very few cells served as target cells for these three viruses. density gradient separation showed that alv target cells were found primarily in the light density fractions and might be represented by cells co ... | 1979 | 222465 |
| mutagenesis of the v-mht/mil oncogene in avian carcinoma virus mh2. | avian carcinoma retrovirus mh2 induces leukemia and solid tumors in chickens and transforms fibroblasts and macrophages in vitro. the genome of mh2 consists of two oncogenes, v-mht/mil and v-myc. most of the transforming activity of mh2 is attributed to the v-myc oncogene. in contrast, the v-mht/mil oncogene alone does not induce a fully transformed phenotype of avian primary fibroblasts in vitro. it was shown previously that v-mht/mil is the avian homology of the v-raf oncogene in murine sarcom ... | 1991 | 1786024 |
| analysis of the cellular proto-oncogene mht/raf: relationship to the 5' sequences of v-mht in avian carcinoma virus mh2 and v-raf in murine sarcoma virus 3611. | the avian carcinoma virus mh2 contains a hybrid gene delta gag-mht with a contiguous open reading frame of 2682 base pairs as well as v-myc and avian helper virus-related sequences. delta gag is a partial retroviral core protein gene while v-mht and v-myc are cell-drived sequences. the v-mht sequence can be divided into two regions: the v-raf-related region at its 3' end contains 969 nucleotides which are 94% related as amino acid sequence to the onc-specific v-raf sequence of murine sarcoma vir ... | 1985 | 3002017 |
| transformed and tumorigenic phenotypes induced by avian retroviruses containing the v-mil oncogene. | avian retrovirus mh2 contains two oncogenes, v-mil and v-myc. we have previously shown that a spontaneous mutant of mh2 (pa200-mh2), expressing only the v-mil oncogene, is able to induce proliferation of quiescent neuroretina cells. in this study, we investigated the transforming and tumorigenic properties of v-mil. pa200 induced fibrosarcomas in about 60% of the injected chickens, whereas inoculation of mh2 resulted mainly in the appearance of kidney carcinomas. analysis of several parameters o ... | 1988 | 3346945 |
| fibroblast transformation parameters induced by the avian v-mil oncogene. | an avian retrovirus containing only the v-mil oncogene (pa200-mh2) was analyzed for its ability to induce a transformed phenotype in chicken embryo fibroblasts. infected cultures exhibited an altered morphology, disarranged actin cable filaments, and a decrease in the amount of cell surface fibronectin. in addition, these cells showed a high level of plasminogen activator protease activity and were also capable of growth in low serum concentrations. in contrast, pa200-mh2 was very inefficient at ... | 1987 | 3573149 |
| avian erythroblastosis virus e26: nucleotide sequence of the tripartite onc gene and of the ltr, and analysis of the cellular prototype of the viral ets sequence. | an intact 5.7-kb provirus of the avian erythroblastosis virus e26 has been molecularly cloned for comparisons with avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and other avian tumor viruses. e26 and amv transform hemopoietic cells exclusively. both cause myeloblastosis, but e26 also causes erythroblastosis. sequence analysis of the proviral dna showed that: the tripartite transforming gene of e26 forms a contiguous reading frame of 1046 codons, including 272 gag, 283 mybe, and 491 ets codons. no subgenomic ... | 1984 | 6097027 |
| avian carcinoma virus mh2 contains a transformation-specific sequence, mht, and shares the myc sequence with mc29, cmii, and ok10 viruses. | avian carcinoma virus mh2 has been grouped together with mc29, cmii, and ok10, because all of these viruses share a transformation-specific sequence termed myc. a 5.2-kilobase (kb) dna provirus of mh2 has been molecularly cloned. the complete genetic structure of mh2 is 5'-delta gag(1.9-kb)-mht(1.2-kb)-myc(1.3-kb)-delta env(?) and noncoding c-region (0.2-kb)-3'. delta gag, delta env, and c are genetic elements shared with nondefective retroviruses, whereas mht is a unique, possibly mh2 transform ... | 1983 | 6579544 |
| nucleotide sequence of avian carcinoma virus mh2: two potential onc genes, one related to avian virus mc29 and the other related to murine sarcoma virus 3611. | the 5.2-kilobase (kb) rna genome of avian carcinoma virus mh2 has the genetic structure 5'-delta gag (0.2 kb)- mht (1.2 kb)-myc (1.4 kb)-c (0.4 kb)-poly(a) (0.2 kb)-3'. delta gag is a partial retroviral core protein gene, mht and myc are cell-derived mh2-specific sequences, and c is the 3'-terminal retroviral vector sequence. here we have determined the nucleotide sequence of 3.5 kb from the 3' end of delta gag to the 3' end of molecularly cloned proviral mh2 dna, in order to elucidate the genet ... | 1984 | 6328485 |
| homologous cell-derived oncogenes in avian carcinoma virus mh2 and murine sarcoma virus 3611. | retroviral oncogenes (v-onc) are derived from cellular genes (c-onc) which are highly conserved among different species. retrovirus-transduced oncogenes are most commonly associated with the induction of haematopoietic tumours and sarcomas. the avian retrovirus mill hill no. 2 (mh2) was isolated from a spontaneous ovarian tumour of a chicken and is distinguished by the predominant induction of liver and kidney carcinomas in fowl. mh2 also induces transformation of fibroblasts, macrophages and ep ... | 1984 | 6319999 |
| avian oncovirus mh2: molecular cloning of proviral dna and structural analysis of viral rna and protein. | viral rna, molecularly cloned proviral dna, and virus-specific protein of avian retrovirus mh2 were analyzed. the complexity and sequence conservation of the transformation-specific v-myc sequences of mh2 rna were compared with those of the other members of the mc29 subgroup of acute leukemia viruses, mc29, cmii, and ok10, and with chicken cellular c-myc sequences. all t1 oligonucleotides mapping within the 1.3-kilobase coding region of mc29 v-myc have homologous counterparts in the rnas of all ... | 1983 | 6310159 |
| protein product of proto-oncogene c-mil. | using antipeptide antibodies with specificity for the carboxyl termini of v-raf and v-mil protein products, two proteins with apparent molecular weights of approximately 71,000/73,000 and 215,000 were detected in immunoprecipitates from normal uninfected chicken cells. the 71,000/73,000-molecular-weight protein was identified as the product of the c-mil proto-oncogene by the close structural relationship of its 42,000-molecular-weight carboxyl-terminal domain to the v-mil-encoded domain of the h ... | 1986 | 3537695 |
| induction of proliferation of neuroretina cells by long terminal repeat activation of the carboxy-terminal part of c-mil. | expression of the p100gag-mil protein of avian retrovirus mh2 in cultured chicken embryo neuroretina cells was previously shown to result in the proliferation of normally quiescent cell populations. we show here that long terminal repeat activation of the carboxy terminus of the c-mil gene is sufficient to induce neuroretina cell proliferation. | 1987 | 3299058 |
| mapping by in vitro constructs of the p100gag-mil region, accounting for induction of chicken neuroretina cell proliferation. | the v-mil oncogene of the avian retrovirus mh2 is expressed as a fusion protein with viral gag determinants in infected cells. this p100gag-mil protein accounts for the proliferation of chicken embryo neuroretina cells (cnr) induced by mh2 in vitro. we constructed a series of mutants by in-frame deletions in different parts of the gag and mil domains and tested their ability to induce cnr growth. we show that gag sequences, as well as 200-base-pair 5' mil sequences, were not required to induce s ... | 1988 | 3260632 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the chicken gene c-mil, the progenitor of the retroviral oncogene v-mil. | the nucleotide sequence of the chicken gene c-mil was determined within and around all regions homologous to the oncogene v-mil of avian retrovirus mh2. the regions of homology to the previously determined v-mil sequence, ranging in size from 28 to 177 base pairs (bp), are distributed over 14 kilobase pairs (kbp) of the chicken genome and are organized in 11 exons. all exon-intron boundaries of c-mil, except the 5' boundary of exon 1 and the 3' boundary of exon 11, were unambiguously defined by ... | 1985 | 2998016 |
| induction of proliferation or transformation of neuroretina cells by the mil and myc viral oncogenes. | the genome of the avian retrovirus mh2 contains, in addition to the v-myc oncogene shared with three other avian retroviruses (mc29, cmii and ok-10), a second cell-derived oncogene, v-mil (refs 1-3). like the three other viruses, which contain only v-myc, mh2 induces mainly liver and kidney carcinomas in fowl and transforms fibroblasts and macrophages in vitro. however, mh2 and mc29 differ in their biological properties when assayed on cultures of chicken embryo neuroretina (nr) cells. indeed, n ... | 1985 | 2993899 |
| two oncogenes in avian carcinoma virus mh2: myc and mht. | the 5.2-kilobase (kb) rna genome of avian carcinoma virus mh2 has the genetic structure 5' - delta gag (0.2 kb)-mht (1.2 kb)-myc (1.4 kb)-c(0.4 kb)-poly (a) (0.2 kb)-3'. delta gag is a partial retroviral core protein, mht and myc are cell-derived mh2-specific sequences, and c is the 3'-terminal retroviral vector sequence. the following results were obtained from the complete nucleotide sequences of the mht and myc genes in mh2. (i) delta gag-mht forms a hybrid gene with a contiguous reading fram ... | 1985 | 2986522 |