| nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis. | naturally occurring cryptococcosis in five cats, a dog and a koala is described. involvement of the nasopharynx was documented in all patients, and nasopharyngeal mass lesions accounted for the major presenting complaints in four. signs referable to nasopharyngeal disease included snoring, stertor, inspiratory dyspnoea and aerophagia. diagnoses were made by caudal rhinoscopy using a retroverted flexible endoscope, vigorous orthograde flushing with saline, or at necropsy. concurrent cryptococcal ... | 1997 | 9258419 |
| a queensland koala kept in a japanese zoological park was carrier of an imported fungal pathogen, filobasidiella neoformans var. bacillispora (cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii). | | 2002 | 11971161 |
| preshipment testing success: resolution of a nasal sinus granuloma in a captive koala (phascolarctos cinereus) caused by cryptococcus gattii. | a 3-yr-old female koala (phascolarctos cinereus) was diagnosed with a nasal sinus granuloma caused by cryptococcus gattii after a pre-shipment examination revealed a latex cryptococcal agglutination titer of 1:512. successful medical and surgical treatment of the granuloma was monitored using serial latex cryptococcal agglutination titers, serum levels of antifungal drugs, and advanced imaging. | 2012 | 23272367 |
| pharmacokinetics of fluconazole following intravenous and oral administration to koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | clinically normal koalas (n = 12) received a single dose of 10 mg/kg fluconazole orally (p.o.; n = 6) or intravenously (i.v.; n = 6). serial plasma samples were collected over 24 h, and fluconazole concentrations were determined using a validated hplc assay. a noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. following i.v. administration, median (range) plasma clearance (cl) and steady-state volume of distribution (vss ) were 0.31 (0.11-0.55) l/h/kg and 0.92 (0.38-1.40) l/kg, respectivel ... | 2014 | 23889092 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): a review of 43 cases of cryptococcosis. | details of 11 previously reported cases and 32 new cases of cryptococcosis in captive and wild koalas were analysed. cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii accounted for all 29 cases in which varietal status was determined. no age or sex predisposition was observed. the respiratory tract was the primary focus of disease in 77% of cases. although the lower respiratory tract was affected most commonly (60% of cases), 30% of cases had upper respiratory tract lesions and 14% had both. dissemination was ... | 2003 | 12964714 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): serological evidence for subclinical cryptococcosis. | cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii has been shown to have a strong association with eucalypts frequently used by koalas and, not surprisingly, it has been shown to colonize the nasal cavities of koalas. the progression from nasal colonization to tissue invasion is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in this species and provides a model for pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in other species. cryptococcal antigenaemia was detected in twenty-eight healthy koalas from three di ... | 2002 | 12146757 |
| cryptococcus neoformans in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): colonization by c n. var. gattii and investigation of environmental sources. | this study is the one in a series looking at the relationship among cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, koalas and the environment. the koala was used as a natural biological sampler in an attempt to understand the dynamics of c. neoformans var. gattii in australian environments. evidence of asymptomatic nasal and skin colonization for extended periods by large numbers of c. n. var. gattii was obtained and geographical factors assessed. the key finding was the ability of koalas to amplify numbe ... | 2002 | 12146756 |
| asymptomatic carriage of cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | over a 22-month period, sequential nasal and skin swabs were obtained from 52 healthy captive koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) from the sydney region. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated in 17 koalas from 64 of 262 (24%) nasal swabs and from nine of 262 (3%) skin swabs. prevalence of nasal colonization varied seasonally from 12% (3/25) to 38% (10/26). cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii alone was cultured from 37, var. neoformans alone from 22 and both varieties from five nasal swabs. of 33 koal ... | 1999 | 10520157 |
| detection and identification of probable endemic fungal pathogen, cryptococcus gattii, and worldwide pathogen, cryptococcus neoformans, by real-time pcr. | a real-time pcr method for detection and identification of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii was developed and evaluated using dna from single-colony or koala nasal smears. two taqman minor groove binder probes that distinguished between these species were designed corresponding to the internal sequences of the cap59 gene for both species. the real-time pcr assay had 100% specificity, as assessed using 13 reference strains and 300 environmental strains. twelve smear samples from he ... | 2011 | 21623899 |
| immunoproteomic approach to elucidating the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis caused by cryptococcus gattii. | cryptococcosis caused by cryptococcus gattii is a devastating disease of immunocompetent hosts with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. utilizing an immunoproteomic approach in a naturally occurring koala model of disease, a number of key proteins and pathways are identified in the early and late pathogenesis of cryptococcosis for the first time. in particular, the thioredoxin system appears important in the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis caused by c. gattii vgii. | 2010 | 20545298 |