| anthrax kills wild chimpanzees in a tropical rainforest. | infectious disease has joined habitat loss and hunting as threats to the survival of the remaining wild populations of great apes. nevertheless, relatively little is known about the causative agents. we investigated an unusually high number of sudden deaths observed over nine months in three communities of wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) in the taï national park, ivory coast. here we report combined pathological, cytological and molecular investigations that identified bacillus anthraci ... | 2004 | 15269768 |
| a new bacillus anthracis found in wild chimpanzees and a gorilla from west and central africa. | | 2006 | 16738706 |
| characterization of bacillus anthracis-like bacteria isolated from wild great apes from cote d'ivoire and cameroon. | we present the microbiological and molecular characterization of bacteria isolated from four chimpanzees and one gorilla thought to have died of an anthrax-like disease in côte d'ivoire and cameroon. these isolates differed significantly from classic bacillus anthracis by the following criteria: motility, resistance to the gamma phage, and, for isolates from cameroon, resistance to penicillin g. a capsule was expressed not only after induction by co(2) and bicarbonate but also under normal growt ... | 2006 | 16855222 |
| anthrax in western and central african great apes. | during the period of december 2004 to january 2005, bacillus anthracis killed three wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes troglodytes) and one gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in a tropical forest in cameroon. while this is the second anthrax outbreak in wild chimpanzees, this is the first case of anthrax in gorillas ever reported. the number of great apes in central africa is dramatically declining and the populations are seriously threatened by diseases, mainly ebola. nevertheless, a considerable ... | 2006 | 16900500 |
| the genome of a bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of b. cereus with b. anthracis virulence plasmids. | anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of bacillus anthracis. members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcr regulator gene. here we report the complete genome sequence of a bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. unlike classic b. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. four replicons were ... | 2010 | 20634886 |
| pre- and postexposure protection against virulent anthrax infection in mice by humanized monoclonal antibodies to bacillus anthracis capsule. | one of the two essential virulence factors of bacillus anthracis is the poly-γ-d-glutamic acid (γdpga) capsule. five γdpga-specific antibody antigen-binding fragments (fabs) were generated from immunized chimpanzees. the two selected for further study, fabs 11d and 4c, were both converted into full-length igg1 and igg3 mabs having human igg1 or igg3 constant regions. these two mabs had similar binding affinities, in vitro opsonophagocytic activities, and in vivo efficacies, with the igg1 and igg ... | 2010 | 21187383 |
| bacillus cereus biovar anthracis causing anthrax in sub-saharan africa-chromosomal monophyly and broad geographic distribution. | through full genome analyses of four atypical bacillus cereus isolates, designated b. cereus biovar anthracis, we describe a distinct clade within the b. cereus group that presents with anthrax-like disease, carrying virulence plasmids similar to those of classic bacillus anthracis. we have isolated members of this clade from different mammals (wild chimpanzees, gorillas, an elephant and goats) in west and central africa (côte d'ivoire, cameroon, central african republic and democratic republic ... | 2016 | 27607836 |
| accelerating the smith-waterman algorithm with interpair pruning and band optimization for the all-pairs comparison of base sequences. | the smith-waterman algorithm is known to be a more sensitive approach than heuristic algorithms for local sequence alignment algorithms. despite its sensitivity, a greater time complexity associated with the smith-waterman algorithm prevents its application to the all-pairs comparisons of base sequences, which aids in the construction of accurate phylogenetic trees. the aim of this study is to achieve greater acceleration using the smith-waterman algorithm (by realizing interpair block pruning a ... | 2015 | 26445214 |
| bacillus anthracis capsular conjugates elicit chimpanzee polyclonal antibodies that protect mice from pulmonary anthrax. | the immunogenicity of bacillus anthracis capsule (poly-γ-d-glutamic acid [pga]) conjugated to recombinant b. anthracis protective antigen (rpa) or to tetanus toxoid (tt) was evaluated in two anthrax-naive juvenile chimpanzees. in a previous study of these conjugates, highly protective monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against pga were generated. this study examines the polyclonal antibody response of the same animals. preimmune antibodies to pga with titers of >10(3) were detected in the chimpanzees. ... | 2015 | 26041039 |